Nws feem ntau lees txais tias ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe khiav raws lub roob Ural, ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv thiab ntau qhov chaw thiab dej ntws. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev no yog kwv yees li 6,000 mais. Tseem muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv, raws li tus ciam teb yog kos raws cov dej ntws ntawm Ural Territory thiab Caucasus. Yuav kom paub seb qhov version twg yog qhov tseeb, keeb kwm, thaj chaw nthuav dav ntawm lub teb chaws yuav pab tau.
kev ua yeeb yam thaum ntxov
Txij thaum ub los, tib neeg xav tsis thoob tias lub ntiaj teb xaus qhov twg, lub ntiaj teb yog dab tsi. Kwv yees li 3 txhiab xyoo dhau los, thaj av tau thawj zaug tau muab faib ua 3 thaj chaw: Sab Hnub Poob, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Africa. Cov neeg Greek thaum ub ntseeg tias ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe khiav raws Hiav Txwv Dub. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws hu ua Ponto. Cov neeg Loos tsiv ciam teb mus rau Hiavtxwv Azov. Hauv lawv txoj kev xav, kev faib mus raws cov dej ntawm Meotida, suav nrog Kerch Strait ntawm Europe thiab Asia thiab Don River.
Nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntawv sau, Polybius, Herodotus, Pamponius, Ptolemy thiab Strabo tau sau tias ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau ua keeb kwm kos rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov, txav mus rau hauv.lub txaj ntawm Don. Cov kev txiav txim zoo li no tseem muaj tseeb txog thaum xyoo 18th AD. Cov lus xaus zoo sib xws tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab theologians hauv phau ntawv "Cosmography", yos los ntawm xyoo pua 17th. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1759 M. Lomonosov xaus lus tias ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe yuav tsum tau kos raws tus dej Don, Volga thiab Pechora.
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm 18th thiab 19th centuries
Maj mam, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiaj teb pib los ua ke. Nyob rau hauv medieval Arabic keeb kwm, thaj chaw dej ntawm Kama thiab Volga dej tau teev tseg raws li ciam teb. Cov Fabkis ntseeg hais tias txoj kab sib faib khiav raws tus dej ntawm Ob. Nyob rau xyoo 1730, lub tswv yim los kos ib tug ciam teb raws lub phiab ntawm lub roob Ural tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Swedish kws tshawb fawb Stralenberg. Ib me ntsis dhau los, Lavxias teb sab theologian V. Tatishchev tau piav qhia txog qhov kev xav zoo ib yam hauv nws tus kws sau cov haujlwm. Nws refuted lub tswv yim ntawm kev faib ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsuas yog raws tus dej ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Hauv nws lub tswv yim, ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe yuav tsum tau rub los ntawm Great Belt mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian thiab roob Tauris. Yog li, ob txoj kev xav tau pom zoo rau ib yam - kev sib cais yuav tshwm sim raws cov dej ntawm Ural Range.
Qee lub sij hawm cov tswv yim ntawm Stralenberg thiab Tatishchev tsis quav ntsej. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev lees paub ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov kev txiav txim siab tau tshwm sim hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Polunin, Falk, Shchurovsky. Tib yam uas cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom zoo yog kos duab ntawm ciam teb nrog Miass.
Rov qab rau xyoo 1790, tus kws paub txog thaj chaw Pallas tau hais txog kev txwv kev faib mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Volga, Obshchy Syrt, Manych thiab Ergeni Rivers. Vim li no, Caspian lowland belongs rau Asia. ATThaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ciam teb tau rov thawb me ntsis mus rau sab hnub poob - mus rau tus dej Emba.
Kev lees paub ntawm kev xav
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2010, Lavxias teb sab Society of Geographers tau teeb tsa kev ntoj ke mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tw yog los kho cov kev xav ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm txoj kab sib cais qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb - lub roob (saib daim duab hauv qab). Ciam teb ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia yuav tsum hla mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Ural Upland. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias qhov kev faib yog nyob me ntsis ntxiv ntawm Zlatoust. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Ural Range tau tawg thiab poob nws cov lus tshaj tawm. Hauv cheeb tsam no, cov roob tau muab faib ua ob peb qhov sib npaug.
Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb: qhov twg ntawm cov ridges tawg yuav tsum suav tias yog ciam teb ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Thaum lub sijhawm taug kev mus ntxiv, nws tau pom tias kev sib cais kom raug yuav tsum muaj nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Emba thiab Ural Rivers. Tsuas yog lawv thiaj muaj peev xwm xav txog qhov tseeb ntawm thaj av loj. Lwm yam yog tsim kom muaj qhov sib faib raws sab hnub tuaj isthmus ntawm Caspian lowland. Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, tab sis lawv tsis tau tos rau kev txiav txim siab los ntawm International Union.
meej ciam teb
Nyob ntev, kev xav nom tswv tsis tso cai rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab Esxias lub zog pom zoo rau qhov kev faib zaum kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ciam teb tau tshwm sim. Ob tog tau los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm lub tswv yim.
Hnub no, lub axisKev faib tawm ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia mus dhau Aegean, Marmara, Dub thiab Caspian Seas, Bosphorus thiab Dardanelles, Urals mus txog rau Arctic Ocean. Xws li ib tug ciam teb yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb thaj chaw atlas. Yog li, lub Ural yog tib tus dej nruab nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia los ntawm qhov kev faib hla mus. Raws li cov nom version, Azerbaijan thiab Georgia yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb. Istanbul yog lub nroog transcontinental tag nrho vim Bosporus teej tug mus rau Asia thiab Europe. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws muaj nyob nrog tag nrho lub tebchaws ntawm Turkey. Nws yog noteworthy tias lub nroog ntawm Rostov kuj belongs rau Asia, txawm hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia.
Kev faib tawm raws li Urals
Cov lus nug ntawm ciam teb axis ntawm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb tau npaj txhij qhib kev sib tham nrog cov neeg nyob hauv thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Yekaterinburg. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub nroog no nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia tam sim no nyob ob peb kaum kilometers ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev faib ua feem. Muab qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm thaj chaw, Yekaterinburg tuaj yeem tau txais txoj hmoo ntawm Istanbul nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, dhau los ua kev sib kis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub cim nco txog twb tau tsa 17 km ntawm Novo-Moskovsky ib puag ncig, qhia txog ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb.
Qhov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog yog qhov nthuav ntau dua. Kuj tseem muaj thaj chaw dej loj, roob toj siab, thiab chaw nyob. Tam sim no, ciam teb khiav raws cov dej ntws ntawm Middle Urals, yog li tam sim no cov cheeb tsam no tseem nyob hauv Europe. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau Novouralsk, thiab Kotel, Berezovaya,Varnachya, Khrastalnaya, thiab Chusovskoye pas dej. Qhov tseeb no hu rau cov lus nug txog qhov tseeb ntawm erection ntawm ciam teb memorial ntawm Novo-Moskovsky ib puag ncig.
Transcontinental States
Hnub no, Russia yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw ciam teb ntawm Europe thiab Asia. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau tshaj tawm thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ntawm lub rooj sib tham UN. Muaj tsib lub xeev transcontinental nyob rau hauv tag nrho, suav nrog Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Kazakhstan yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm tus so. Lub tebchaws no tsis yog tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Tebchaws Europe lossis Asian sib npaug. Republic nrog thaj tsam ntawm 2.7 lab square meters. km thiab cov pejxeem ntawm 17.5 lab tus tib neeg muaj cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib feem ntawm Eurasian Community. Raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Tebchaws Europe yog cov tebchaws ciam teb xws li Armenia thiab Cyprus, nrog rau Qaib Cov Txwv, Georgia thiab Azerbaijan. Kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia tsuas yog txhais nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov kev cai pom zoo.
Tag nrho cov xeev no suav hais tias yog transcontinental. Qaib ntxhw sawv ntawm lawv. Nws nyob tsuas yog 783 txhiab square meters. km, txawm li cas los xij, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ntawm Eurasia. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm NATO thiab European Union tseem tab tom tawm tsam rau kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov pejxeem ntawm no muaj ntau dua 81 lab tus tib neeg. Qaib ntxhw muaj kev nkag mus rau plaub lub hiav txwv ib zaug: lub Mediterranean, Dub, Marmara thiab Aegean. Nws ciam teb rau 8 lub tebchaws suav nrog tim Nkij teb chaws, Syria thiab Bulgaria.
choj hla hiav txwv
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 1.5 billion tau siv rau txhua qhov chawnyiaj daus las. Tus choj tseem ceeb ntawm Asia thiab Europe yog hla Bosphorus. Nws qhov ntev yog ntau tshaj 1.5 kilometers nrog qhov dav ntawm 33 m. Bosphorus Choj raug tshem tawm, uas yog, lub ntsiab fastenings nyob rau saum toj, thiab cov qauv nws tus kheej muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug arc. Qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab yog 165 meters. Tus choj tsis zoo nkauj, tab sis nws suav tias yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Istanbul. Kwv yees li 200 lab nyiaj tau siv rau kev tsim kho los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov neeg taug kev yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub nce tus choj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov mob ntawm kev tua tus kheej. Taug kev rau kev thauj mus los them.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem hais txog tus choj ciam teb hauv Orenburg thiab Rostov.
Transcontinental commemorative signs
Feem ntau ntawm obelisks nyob rau hauv Urals, Kazakhstan thiab Istanbul. Ntawm cov no, lub cim nco txog ze ntawm Yugorsky Shar Strait yuav tsum raug hu ua. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Vaygach thiab yog qhov chaw qaum teb ntawm ciam teb ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia.
Lub chaw sab hnub tuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab sib txuas sab hnub tuaj yog cim nrog cov cim nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej Malaya Shchuchya. Los ntawm obelisks, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv txav ze ntawm lub zos Promysl, ntawm Uralsky chaw nres tsheb Lub ridge, ntawm Sinegorsky hla, ntawm Mount Kotel, hauv Magnitogorsk thiab lwm yam.
