Kev taw qhia txog tsoomfwv cov qauv tshiab tau cuam tshuam tsis yog tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog thawj kauj ruam kev kawm - qib kindergartens. Qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hom phiaj tshiab thiab kev coj cwj pwm hais txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, kev hloov ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "kev kawm" mus rau "kev loj hlob", thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. Thiab yog tias txoj cai lij choj uas lub xeev nyob yog Txoj Cai Lij Choj, ces cov kev ua ub no ntawm kindergarten niaj hnub yog raws li cov kev cai ntawm Kev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Kev Kawm Qib Siab Preschool (BEP). Dab tsi yog nws raws li thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau tus qauv?
Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tus Qauv rau Kev Kawm Preschool
Nws kev saws me nyuam yog qhov tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm txoj cai tshiab ntawm kev kawm xyoo 2013. Kev kawm preschool tau dhau los ua ib theem ntawm kev kawm dav dav, uas yuav tsum tau coj nws cov lus qhia tseem ceeb hauv txoj kab nrog cov tswv yim ntawm kev ua ub ua no uas muaj yeej hauv cov qauv uas twb tau qhia lawm. Cov kev cai tshiab yuav tsum tau ualub postulate ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kindergartens thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev kawm.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv:
- hwm tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus menyuam thiab tus neeg laus;
- siv cov hnub nyoog tsim nyog.
Muaj ntau txoj cai uas txhais cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kawm preschool. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub xeev qhov kev pab cuam "Kev tsim kho ntawm kev kawm preschool rau 2013-2020". Nws yog tsom rau kev txhim kho ib puag ncig tshiab thiab ua tau raws li kev xav tau kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools.
Basic pre-school kev kawm
Nov yog ib daim ntawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm qib kindergarten. Qhov kev pom zoo tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tso cai, hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag, muab kev pabcuam ntxiv hauv kev cob qhia thiab kev txhim kho. Nws cov kev cai txhais ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm preschool kev kawm ntawv - cov ntsiab lus, lub hom phiaj, ntim, yuav tsum tau rau tej yam kev mob uas ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam tshwm sim.
Cov dej num ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm preschool muaj xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhia, kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm. OOP aims ntawm:
- tsim kom muaj lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig zoo rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm;
- txhim kho thiab txhim kho tus menyuam txoj kev txawj ntse hauv kev koom tes nrog cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg laus;
- txhawb ntau haiv neegcov me nyuam kev ua ub no.
Kev siv cov kev kawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm preschool muab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm menyuam yaus, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm kindergartens.
Nws tsim thiab pom zoo li cas
Tus qauv qhia qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau:
- program structure;
- cov xwm txheej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws qhov kev siv;
- rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho.
Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm preschool yog ua los ntawm pab pawg kindergarten. Nws suav nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab ib qho kev xaiv. Thawj yog raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev kawm tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, qhov thib ob yog tsim los ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm qib kindergarten, raws li kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsam, thiab lwm yam. Tib lub sijhawm, pab pawg. tuaj yeem nrhiav kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov kws qhia txuj ci ntawm lub tuam tsev kawm preschool. Tsawg kawg yog 60% ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim los ntawm lub koom haum kev kawm tsis pub tshaj 40%.
Txoj kev pabcuam raug lees paub los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg kws qhia ntawv hauv kindergarten rau 5 xyoos (muaj cai hloov txhua xyoo).
Nws yog dab tsi?
Qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb suav nrog peb qhov yuav tsum tau ua:
- ntu ntu qhia (cov lus piav qhia luv luv, txhais cov hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj, tsim cov txiaj ntsig tau npaj);
- lub ntsiab lus ntu (tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm kev ua ub no hauv cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb, cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khoua haujlwm);
- koom haum seem (qhia txog kev thauj mus los, kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, cov npe ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem).
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm preschool suav nrog cov hauv qab no ntawm kev loj hlob me nyuam:
- cognitive;
- verbal;
- kev sib txuas lus;
- lub cev;
- kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj.
Tam sim no, lub tuam tsev hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev kawm preschool muaj txoj cai los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem kev kawm zoo thiab qhov kev pab cuam ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci.
Sample program
Hauv xyoo 2015, cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum kev kawm thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm Lavxias Federation tau pom zoo kwv yees kwv yees qhov kev kawm theem pib ntawm kev kawm preschool, uas tau dhau los ua cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho cov kev cai lij choj sib txawv. Thaum tus txheej txheem txhais cov hom phiaj, cov qauv kev pab cuam muab piv txwv ntawm txoj kev thiab txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav lawv. Nws nthuav tawm cov qauv dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob hauv qib kindergarten, rau cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm hauv tsib qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb, thiab qhov chaw kawm.
Qhov kev zov me nyuam muaj cov ntu tsim nyog, txhais cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus kev ua ub no hauv txhua qhov kev loj hlob, suav nrog cov cim hnub nyoog:
- kev sib txuas lus;
- playing;
- kev tshawb fawb;
- motor;
- tsev;
- musical;
- duab.
Nws cov ntu suav nrog cov lus qhia txogKev ntsuam xyuas kev loj hlob thiab kev kuaj mob pedagogical. Lub modular xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv kev pab cuam tso cai rau koj los tsim koj tus kheej version raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas twb muaj lawm.
Assortment of programs
Hnub no, kev sau npe ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm preschool uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv, cov kev cai ntawm qhov kev coj ua piv txwv, suav nrog ntau tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev txhim kho. Faib cov complex thiab ib nrab (lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm ib hom kev ua ub no los yog kev kho ntawm qee qhov kev ua txhaum cai). Pom zoo cov kev kawm qhia ntawv suav nrog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tshaj tawm loj:
- "Enlightenment" ("zaj nag", "Success");
- "Mosaic-Synthesis" ("Los ntawm yug mus rau tsev kawm ntawv", "Qhib");
- "National Education" ("Inspiration", "Montessori Kindergarten");
- "Childhood-press" ("Childhood");
- "Ventana Graf" ("Pathways").
Ntawm cov kev pab cuam ib nrab yog cov hauv qab no:
- "Peb lub tsev yog xwm", "kab laug sab" (kev kawm ib puag ncig);
- "Semitsvetik", "Harmony", "Integration" (creative and aesthetic development);
- "Kuv, koj, peb", "Keeb Kwm" (socio-cultural nam);
- "Sparkle", "Start" (kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev).
Birth to School
Qhov kev kawm theem pib ntawm kev kawm preschool no yog tsim los ntawm pab pawg muaj tswv yim ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv uas coj los ntawm N. Ye. Veraksa, M. A. Vasilyeva, V. V. Herbova.
Tsim los ntawm kev kawm ib txwm muaj, qhia cov menyuam kawm preschool, yoog rau cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam (nrog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws), kev coj ncaj ncees, kev npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog yog muab rau tus neeg muaj tswv yim kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm yog tsim los rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev yam ntxwv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsam thiab qhov xav tau los npaj rau kev kawm, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis txuag kev noj qab haus huv.
Qhov kev pab cuam muab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm nws qhov kev siv los ntawm cov xibfwb hauv kev xyaum.
zaj nag
Pab neeg sau ntawv ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam: Doronova T. N., Gerbova V. V., Solovieva E. V. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov xwm txheej ntuj, qhov kev zov me nyuam teev xya hom kev ua ub no uas tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob me nyuam: kev ua si, kev ua lej, kev ua kom pom, suab nkauj, kev hais lus, kev tsim kho, kev paub nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm:
- khaws cia thiab ntxiv dag zog rau tus menyuam noj qab haus huv, tsim cov txuj ci tsim nyog;
- kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav thiab lub cev;
- tsim kom muaj huab cua zoo thaum tus menyuam nyob hauv kindergarten.
Kev saib xyuas zoo yog them rau tsim kev txhawb siab rau cov menyuam yaus, uas yog qhov tsim nyog hauv txhua yam haujlwm. Pebhom kev txhawb siab: ua si, sib txuas lus, sib zog ua kom tiav tus kheej. Cov kws sau ntawv ntseeg tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom zoo li lub hom phiaj, kev ywj pheej thiab kev loj hlob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov hnub nyoog preschool.
Childhood
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev kawm nrov tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus Lavxias. Sau: V. I. Loginova, N. A. Notkina, T. I. Babaeva. Qhov kev zov me nyuam yog tsom rau kev xav, lub cev, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev txawj ntse, kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam preschool.
Raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab tus kheej-taw qhia kev qhia. Xws li peb theem sib xws rau cov hnub nyoog yau, nruab nrab, cov laus. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub lub ntsiab blocks:
- kev paub;
- noj qab nyob zoo;
- creation;
- kev kho tib neeg.
Ntu "Kev Paub Txog Tus Kheej" (tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej) tau muab faib ua ntu cais. Kev saib xyuas ntau yog them rau kev paub txog kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua thiab kev kos duab ntawm qhov ncauj.
