Leej twg yog Phoenicians: keeb kwm, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai

Cov txheej txheem:

Leej twg yog Phoenicians: keeb kwm, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai
Leej twg yog Phoenicians: keeb kwm, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai
Anonim

Thaum ntxov, lub ntiaj teb tau nyob los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyob hauv lub xeev qub uas tsis muaj lawm. Tab sis leej twg yog Phoenicians? Lawv nyob qhov twg thiab lawv ua dab tsi?

Definition

Cov Phoenicians yog cov neeg qub uas nyob hauv Phoenicia. Lub xeev no nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lebanon niaj hnub no, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Levantine ntawm Hiav Txwv Mediterranean.

Lub Phoenician kev vam meej tau dhau los ua kev coj noj coj ua thiab zoo nyob rau hauv nws lub sijhawm. Nws tau mus txog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv 1200-800 BC. e.

Phoenician sau ntawv
Phoenician sau ntawv

Keeb Kwm

Raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm Greek keeb kwm yav dhau los Herodotus, Phoenicians tuaj ntawm qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Arabia. Namely, los ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv cheeb tsam ntawm lub Red Hiav txwv. Thaum xub thawj, lawv hais lus Semitic, yog li ntawd lawv tau hu ua Semites thiab ntaus nqi rau pawg no. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, cov Greeks pib hu lawv Phoenicians. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lo lus no los ntawm ancient Greek "foinikes", uas txhais tau hais tias liab doog, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ib feem ntawm lub xeev muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb mollusk uas muab ib tug liab dye, uas tom qab cov neeg nquag siv, colouring khoom thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv.sib phim ntxoov magenta.

History of existence

Tam sim no peb nkag siab tias cov neeg Phoenicians yog leej twg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev qub no.

Nws tseem nthuav tias Phenicia tshwm sim ntev dhau los uas cov neeg keeb kwm tseem muaj qee lo lus nug txog lub neej thiab keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg.

Thaum pib, cov neeg Semites tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Levantine ntawm Mediterranean txog V millennia dhau los ua ib feem thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm Canaanite kev vam meej thiab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej ntawm kev vam meej, nws tau hu ua Canaan. Tab sis nyob ib ncig ntawm 1500 B. C. e. nyob rau hauv Phenicia, nws tus kheej cais kab lis kev cai tau yug los.

lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Phoenicians
lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Phoenicians

Lub xeev pib txhim kho maj mam. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg hu ua Phoenicians tau tsim ib lub nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - Byblos (los yog lwm haiv neeg hu ua nws, Gubl lossis Gebal). Lub nroog loj hlob, thiab nws kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam mus txog qib siab. Nws yog los ntawm nws lub npe ntawm phau Vajlugkub los.

Tab sis ze dua rau xyoo pua thib ob, Phenicia tau loj dua thiab nyob tag nrho sab hnub tuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean. Lub nroog Sidon tau tshwm sim, tam sim no nto moo rau Homer's Iliad, uas nws qhuas cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawd vim lawv ua cov khoom siv tes ua zoo kawg nkaus.

leej twg yog Phoenicians
leej twg yog Phoenicians

Cov Phoenicians yog cov kws txawj ntse thiab cov tub lag luam, tab sis tsis yog tub rog. Thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej, lawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Greeks, tom qab ntawd los ntawm Assyria, uas muaj peev xwm kov yeej Phenicia thiab yuam cov neeg.them tribute rau ob centuries. Tom qab ntawd, lub xeev tau tawm tsam kev ywj pheej ntev, txog thaum nws thiaj li los ua lub xeev thib tsib ntawm Persia hauv 539 BC. e.

Thiab hauv 332 BC. e. Alexander lub Great thaum kawg ntes tau sab hnub tuaj Phoenicia. Txawm li cas los xij, sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev thiab lub nroog Carthage tseem muaj nyob rau qee lub sijhawm.

Phoenician lus thiab sau ntawv

Thaum chiv keeb, tib neeg tsuas hais lus Phoenician xwb (kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 10 AD). Thaum Phenicia mus txog qhov kawg, cov tsiaj ntawv kuj tshwm sim hauv nws. Yog li, kev sau ntawv pib tshwm. Hom tsiaj ntawv Phoenician no yooj yim dua li cov hieroglyphics ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws los yog cuneiform hauv Mesopotamia. Ib tug phoneme - ib tsab ntawv. Thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm cov lus, tus lej ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv txawv ntawm 30 txog 22, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Ancient Phenicia uas siv cov tsiaj ntawv sau tau pib. Vim muaj kev lag luam nquag, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xeev nyob sib ze thiab thaj chaw yooj yim, cov lus tau nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog ib qho kev sau ntawv ntawm Phenicia tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, vim tias lawv tau sau ntawv rau ntawm papyri, uas, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm huab cua, sai heev.

Los ntawm Phoenician sau ntawv muaj ob hom ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv: Greek thiab Aramaic, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov xov tooj los ntawm cov ntawv hloov mus rau qhov yooj yim heev. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th, cov Phoenicians hloov mus rau Arabic thiab Aramaic.

Kev lag luam thiab kev mus ncig

Phoenicia - zoo heev, tsimlub xeev yav dhau los. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Phoenicians yog kev lag luam maritime. Ntau txoj kev lag luam hla dhau lub tebchaws. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm raws li kev tsim kho ntawm Canaanite sau ntawv, cov nkoj loj keeled tau pib ua. Tab sis lawv cov nkoj yeej muaj zog heev rau lub sijhawm.

Nws ntseeg tias Phoenicians yog thawj cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm hla mus rau tag nrho cov teb chaws Africa. Herodotus kuj sau nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv uas nws yog lawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th. BC e. trieres tau tsim. Nws tseem paub tias cov Phoenicians tau taug kev mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm tebchaws Askiv tam sim no.

taug kev ntawm Phoenicians
taug kev ntawm Phoenicians

Phoenicia kuj muaj npe nrov rau nws cov hav zoov cedar, lawv tau muab ntoo rau Mesopotamia thiab Egypt. Lawv siv cov ntoo coniferous no rau kev tsim nkoj. Hmoov tsis zoo, xws li kev nkag rau hauv tam sim no Lebanon coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntoo cedar.

Cov Phoenicians ua cov roj txiv roj thiab cawv txiv hmab. Lawv ua ntshav dye los ntawm shellfish, txhua tus uas coj tsuas yog ib tee ntawm dye. Tias yog vim li cas txhua yam thiab cov khoom ntawm cov xim liab tau kim heev. Lawv kuj tau ua tiav cov khoom siv iav thiab iav, uas yog nto moo thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean. Cov ntses qhuav yog cov khoom lag luam nrov tshwj xeeb ntawm Phoenicians.

Tab sis papyrus, kub, tooj liab, tsiaj tawv nqaij, xyab, ntaub plaub, txuj lom, paj rwb, linen, ivory thiab ntau ntxiv tau raug coj mus rau Phenicia nws tus kheej los ntawm lwm lub xeev.

Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws yog Carthage, Sidon, Tyre. Lawv yog rau feem ntauncab thiab txhim kho lub teb chaws.

ancient backgammon inhabiting Phenicia
ancient backgammon inhabiting Phenicia

Kev ntseeg

Kom nkag siab zoo dua yog leej twg Phoenicians, koj yuav tsum kawm me ntsis txog lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm lawv lub neej. Nyob rau hauv Phoenicia, paganism kav, thiab cov neeg lawv tus kheej pe hawm Vajtswv txawv. Kuj tseem muaj kev txi, uas niaj hnub no ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau. Cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nrog Phoenicians suav tias cov kev lis kev cai no phem heev.

Cov neeg raug tsim txom yog cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua 5 lub hlis. Nws tsis paub meej npaum li cas qhov no tau xyaum. Tab sis ntau cov tshauv nyob rau hauv lub tafeta tsis yog ib qho qhia txog qhov loj ntawm me nyuam txi. Muaj ib qho kev xav tias cov menyuam yaus raug muab faus, txawm tias lawv tuag los ntawm lwm qhov laj thawj lossis raug muab fij rau vajtswv.

Tab sis leej twg yog Phoenicians thiab nws puas ua tau, txawm tias txhua yam, suav tias lawv yog cov neeg zoo? Ib yam tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb: ua tsaug rau Phenicia, peb tau txais ntau yam kev tsim khoom thiab kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau ntiaj teb kev coj noj coj ua, yog li lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm lub xeev qub no yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees.

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