Nyob rau xyoo kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais txhua yam kev paub uas lawv xav tau kom ua tiav xyoo tom ntej ntawm tsev kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov zoo thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv, pib ntawm qib thawj. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua lej thiab lus Lavxias, uas yog ib txwm suav tias yog cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, tsis muaj kev paub txog qhov uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv lwm cov kev kawm hauv tsev kawm.
Hauv paus ntsiab lus, nws yog, vim hais tias, piv txwv li, lub peev xwm los tsim cov kab lus los ntawm qib 1 tsis yog tsuas yog qhov kev txawj ntse no xwb, tab sis kuj rau qee qhov qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tuaj yeem pab txhim kho qhov kev kawm ntxiv. Nws kuj ua haujlwm rau lwm yam khoom thiab. Thiab txij li nws yooj yim dua rau tus tswv yuav luag tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus siv cov piv txwv ntawm kab lus, qhov kev tshwj xeeb no yuav raug siv hauv kab lus no. Tsis nyuaj!
Cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov. Nws yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej yuav hais txog kab lus los ntawm cov piv txwv, koj yuav tsum paub tias "cov tswv cuab" yog dab tsi. Koj puas paub tias lawv yuav zoo li cas? Raws li tau hais los ntawm chav kawm 1 hauv lub tswv yim tswv yim.
Yog li, cov ntsiab lus yog tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb uas qhia tus neeg lossis cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug. Feem ntau, hauv kab lus, cov ntsiab lus yog cov tsiaj nyob lossis cov khoom uas muaj qee yam khoom, zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv, ua (lossis tsis ua) ib yam dab tsi, lossis nyob hauv ib lub xeev. Qhov no tsis ua haujlwm rau ib kab lus nkaus xwb.
Tus predicate yog tib tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus, uas piav txog cov khoom, kev ua lossis lub xeev ntawm cov ncauj lus. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv chav kawm 1 kab lus schemes, grammatical foundations feem ntau yog siv, nyob rau hauv uas tus predicate yog ib tug verb. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub hauv paus grammatical yog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov predicate. Ceeb toom: tsis muaj ib tus tswv cuab thib ob!
Piv txwv ntawm cov kab lus parsing (tsuas yog grammatical hauv paus) 1
Zoo pib yooj yim. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev txheeb ib kab lus: "Kuv noj ice cream".
Koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug xws li: Leej twg lossis dab tsi tab tom ua? Teb: Kuv, yog li "Kuv" yog qhov kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm cov ncauj lus, koj tuaj yeem nug ib lo lus nug rau tus kwv yees: Kuv ua dab tsi? Teb: Kuv noj, yog li ntawd, "noj" yog ib tug predicate.
Ib qho yuam kev thaum tsim kab lus qhia hauv Qib 1 tuaj yeem txhais lo lus "ice cream" raws li cov ntsiab lus. Txhawm rau zam qhov yuam kev no, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas koj tus kheej li no. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab seb qhov xwm txheej puas ua tau rau tus predicate thiab qhov kev iab liam yog qhov tseebtxuas. Yog li, hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kab lus no, nws yog qhov tseeb tias ice cream tsis tuaj yeem yog tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb hauv kab lus, vim tias ice cream tsis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li "yog". Yog li, nws pom tseeb tias txoj haujlwm ntawm lo lus "ice cream" yog theem nrab.
Piv txwv ntawm cov kab lus parsing (tsuas yog grammatical hauv paus) 2
Tam sim no xav txog kev txheeb cov kab lus: "Kuv tau ua kuv cov ntawv ua tom tsev".
Txawm hais tias qhov khoom uas ua qhov kev txiav txim, nws yuav zoo li, tsis yog lo lus "ua haujlwm", tab sis lo lus "kuv" (uas yog, "Kuv"), ib qho yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account, ua ntej., daim ntawv ntawm lub suab passive ntawm lub predicate, thiab thib ob, hais tias qhov kev kawm yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub nominative rooj plaub xwb.
Muab me me
Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus hauv qib 1, tsuas yog peb nqe lus uas nquag siv thib ob nkaus xwb: ntxiv, txhais thiab qhov xwm txheej. Ntawm cov duab kos, lawv raug xaiv raws li hauv qab no.
Hauv kab lus no, "hauv tiaj ua si" yog ib qho ntxiv (vim nws teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees, uas yog, txhua yam tshwj tsis yog lub npe), "zoo nkauj" yog lub ntsiab lus (vim nws teb cov lus nug "dab tsi? "), thiab "ntev" yog qhov xwm txheej (vim nws piav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kab lus.
Tam sim no koj paub zoo txog thawj chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
