Raws li daim ntawv pov thawj hauv xeev qhov kawg ntawm kev kawm theem nrab, kev sib koom ua ke hauv xeev (USE) tau siv ntau xyoo. Compulsory kev kawm yog lej thiab Lavxias teb sab. Daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg muaj cov kev cai dav dav uas tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Cov kev hloov tshiab kawg rau cov kev cai dav dav yuav raug tham hauv kab lus no.
About the rules
USE (yuav tsum tau kawm thiab xaiv tau) yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoom ntsuas ntsuas (CMM), uas yog cov qauv qauv nrog cov haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau kos cov lus teb rau cov haujlwm. Compulsory USE subjects, as well as optional subjects, are taken in Russian in writing, yog hais tias qhov no tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws ("hais lus").
Kev xeem muaj nyob rau hauv Russia thiab sab nraud raws li ib lub sijhawm. Cov koom haum yog Rosobrnadzor thiab cov thawj coj tswj hwm ntawm cov koom haum tsim nyog ntawm Lavxias Federation uas ua haujlwm. Kev tswj hwm ntawm sphere of Education (OIV). Sab nraum lub teb chaws, Unified State Examination (yuav tsum tau thiab xaiv yam kev kawm) kuj txais Rosobrnadzor thiab cov founders ntawm cov koom haum kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws, muaj lub xeev lees paub thiab siv cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm ntawv theem nrab, raws li zoo raws li Cov tsev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm Lavxias Federation, uas muaj cov qauv kev kawm tshwj xeeb.
Nkag mus rau qhov kev xeem
Cov kev kawm yuam kev thiab xaiv tau raug coj los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis muaj nuj nqis kev kawm thiab cov uas tau ua tiav ib tus neeg lossis cov ntaub ntawv qhia dav dav nrog cov qhab nia hauv txhua yam kev kawm rau txhua xyoo ntawm kev kawm tsis qis dua qhov txaus siab.
Lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg muaj cai tau txais daim ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev (Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej) los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg xiam oob khab, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xiam oob qhab kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm a kaw hom thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv uas lawv ua cov kab lus hauv kev kaw.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab kuj muaj cai ua pov thawj raws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev (Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej, nrog rau cov kev xaiv xaiv rau kev nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab). Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Republic of Crimea thiab lub nroog Sevastopol muaj txoj cai tib yam.
Recertification thiab externship
Txoj cai los lees paub hauv daim ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev kuj muaj rau cov kawm tiav xyoo dhau los (nrog rau daim ntawv lees paub ntawm kev ua tiavkev kawm theem nrab mus txog rau xyoo 2013), nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas paub txog cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab thiab kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws ntawm Lavxias Federation, txawm tias lawv tau siv tau siv tau los ntawm xyoo dhau los.
Muaj peev xwm dhau qhov kev xeem thiab cov neeg uas tau kawm tiav cov kev kawm theem nrab hauv lwm hom - kev kawm hauv tsev neeg lossis kev kawm tus kheej, lossis cov uas tau kawm tiav cov kev kawm uas tsis tau lees paub los ntawm lub xeev. Lawv tuaj yeem dhau mus dhau GIA hauv lub koom haum kev kawm uas tau lees paub.
khoom
Tam sim no cov kev kawm yuav tsum xeem dhau yog lus Lavxias thiab lej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv thiab ntxiv tau npaj rau xyoo 2020. Ua ntej, raws li lub taub hau ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science Olga Vasilyeva, ib qho kev xeem hauv keeb kwm yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm Kev Xeem Hauv Lub Xeev hauv 2020 yuav suav nrog hom lus txawv teb chaws thiab thaj chaw. Tseeb tiag, tsis muaj kev paub txog keeb kwm, lub teb chaws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav mus rau tag kis. Txawm hais tias thaj chaw yuav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Unified State Examination tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab, txij li tag nrho cov kev xeem uas twb muaj lawm yuav raug tshuaj xyuas.
Txawm li cas los xij, lus Askiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv Kev Xeem Hauv Lub Xeev (lossis lwm hom lus txawv teb chaws) yuav yog. Ntau thaj tsam hauv 2020 yuav coj cov ncauj lus zoo li no hauv hom kev sim. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm 2022, lub teb chaws yuav npaj txhij los qhia ib hom lus txawv teb chaws mus rau qhov kev xeem yam tsawg kawg nkaus hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tam sim no kev sim ntsuas tau raug suav sau, cov kev pab cuam tau tsim. Keeb kwm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau kawm hauv Unified State Examination yog ib qho teeb meem uas twb tau siv los daws, txawm hais tias qhov no yuav tshwm sim, raws li Olga. Vasilyeva, tsis ntxov dua 2020. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kev kawm thib peb.
History with geography
Olga Vasilyeva tau hais ntau nqe lus ntawm All-Lavxias Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia, uas tau muaj nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2017, hais txog kev txhim kho kev kawm hauv lub tebchaws. Ntau tau hais txog kev xeem dhau xyoo 2020. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv. Nws qhia meej tias niaj hnub no cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog kawm lej thiab Lavxias, tab sis qhov thib peb ntawm kev xeem yuav tsum yog keeb kwm.
Nws kuj tau hais tias nws ua tib zoo mloog cov suab nrov nrov ntawm pej xeem cov lus hais txog GIA, uas cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm tom qab kawm tiav qib cuaj, hauv thaj chaw. Ntau tus pej xeem tawm tswv yim qhia txog qhov kev xeem no thaum kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Daim ntawv teev npe ntawm kev yuam USE cov kev kawm yuav twv yuav raug muab ntxiv. Tej zaum geography yuav yog ib tug ntawm lawv.
rau kev nkag mus kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab
Hauv xyoo 2009, txhua tus kawm tiav high school tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev yuam USE cov kev kawm. Lawv tau los ua lus Lavxias thiab lej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm qib kaum ib yuav tsum tau txais qhov qhab nia qis dua qhov tsim los ntawm Rosobrnadzor. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv xaiv ntau yam uas tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Koj yuav tsum xaiv los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia dav dav uas suav nrog hauv USE daim ntawv teev npe. Piv txwv li, yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg tus kawm qib kaum ib thaum lawv xav mus kawm ntawv qib siab? Qhov no yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, tus programmer yav tom ntej xav tau ICT thiabcomputer science.
USE cov dej num hauv kev ua lej tuaj yeem ua tiav ua ntej tsis yog tag nrho, tab sis kuj rov ua dua, rau qhov no muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug cai nrog cov tsev txhab nyiaj qhib teeb meem. Txij li qhov kev kawm no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov kawm tiav ua li ntawd. Tab sis kev ua lej txawv ntawm kev ua lej. Tib lub neej yav tom ntej programmers yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab qhov yooj yim version, tab sis qhov profile ib. Cov dej num ntawm USE hauv lej ntawm qib profile xav tau, lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog kev paub txog kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Lub vev xaib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xaiv tau tej zaum muaj cov khoom siv pub dawb uas koj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kawm tus kheej.
List
Cov ncauj lus, suav nrog kev yuam, ntawm kev xaiv ntawm tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav rau kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab:
1. Lus Russian.
2. Profile thiab lej lej.
3. Chemistry.
4. Physics.
5. Social Studies.
6. Keeb kwm.
7. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis thiab ntaub ntawv xov xwm.
8. Geography.
9. Biology.
10. Literature.
11. Lus txawv teb chaws (Lus Askiv, Fabkis, German, Spanish).
Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav high school, koj yuav tsum kawm tsuas yog ob yam kev kawm - Lavxias thiab lej. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev yeem siab, tus neeg kawm tiav tuaj yeem kawm txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej xaiv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshwj xeeb. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm kev npaj kev cob qhia, uas yog, qhov tshwj xeeb.
Hloov
Vim lub teb chaws tab tom ua tsis tau sai, tab sis kev hloov pauv, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev kawm. Ministry of Education thiab Science tau sau ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws. Tau kawg, qhov kev xeem dhau los no muaj nws qhov zoo, xws li kev xaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev paub. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov downsides thiab. Los ntawm 2019, nws tau npaj los tsim ib lub tswv yim rau kev xeem dhau rau rau qhov kev kawm, nrog rau kev nce cov ntawv pov thawj rau cov tsev kawm theem qis. Tau kawg, kev paub yuav tsum raug ntsuas raws li qhov ua tau kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev txawj ntse uas nce lub luag haujlwm thiab kev txiav txim.
Nyob rau hauv qhov rho tawm ntawm lub koom haum uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kev xeem, ob niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb muab qhov kev xeem ntawm qhov kev xeem. Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau tsuas yog sim twv cov lus teb kom raug. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntev dhau los, hloov los ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas uas muaj txog xyoo 2009. Tau kawg, ob qho tib si kev xyaum ua thiab kev tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem yog xav tau ua ntej txhua yam tshiab tau qhia rau hauv cov kab ke no, vim hais tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab ntau npaum li cas txhua qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav txhim kho qhov xwm txheej.
Hnub kawg thiab ua haujlwm
Ua qhov kev xeem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, nrog rau sab nraud, muab rau ib lub sijhawm. Txhua qhov kev kawm muaj nws lub sijhawm ntawm kev xeem. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, Ministry of Education thiab Science ntawm Lavxias Federation tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj uas pom zoo lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke thiab lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov kev xeem. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov npe tag nrho ntawm cov peev txheej uas yuav xav tau.rau kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm thiab yuav siv thaum lub sijhawm xeem.
FIPI (Tsoomfwv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas) tsim cov haujlwm kuaj xyuas (KIM), uas yog, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, nrog kev pab los ntawm qib kev paub txog tus qauv kev kawm yuav raug tsim. Ntawm FIPI lub vev xaib, koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej ua ntej nrog rau ntu ntawm cov qauv ua qauv qhia ntawm USE rau txhua qhov kev kawm, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm KIM - nrog rau tag nrho cov codifiers thiab specifications. Cov hauj lwm tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws thiab luv luv. Cov lus teb ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm cov neeg kuaj xyuas ua lus txawv teb chaws raug kaw siv lub suab kaw. Nqe lus no ("hais") tseem nyob ntawm qhov yeem.
Lub luag haujlwm
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas siv rau lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm, vim nws hais txog cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev txwv tsis pub nkag. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus neeg uas yuav koom nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev xeem, nrog rau cov neeg uas tau xeem dhau lub sijhawm nws coj, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm KIM raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Yog KIM cov ntaub ntawv raug luam tawm, piv txwv li, hauv Is Taws Nem, qhov no yuav dhau los ua pov thawj ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev ua txhaum cai raws li tsab xov xwm 13.14 thiab 19.30 ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Ua txhaum ntawm Lavxias Federation; 59, Ntu 11 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias Federation "Rau Kev Kawm hauv Lavxias Federation".
Results
Lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg, uastau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Unified State Examination, siv ib puas-point kev ntsuam xyuas system nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm, tshwj tsis yog rau lej nyob rau theem pib. Cais, rau txhua qhov kev kawm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa, thiab yog tias tus neeg soj ntsuam tau kov yeej qhov pib no, ces nws qhov kev paub txog kev kawm ntawm qib nruab nrab yuav raug lees paub. nws txiav txim siab tshem tawm, hloov los yog pom zoo rau lawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv ib hnub ua haujlwm tom qab txhua cov ntawv xeem tau raug tshuaj xyuas.
Kev thov txim
Yog tias tus neeg kawm tiav high school tsis txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus tau txais, nws muaj lub sijhawm los foob qhov kev tsis pom zoo hauv ob hnub txij li hnub tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem. Nws yog sau rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab xa mus rau lub koom haum kev kawm uas tau txais kev nkag mus rau tus neeg soj ntsuam mus rau qhov kev xeem. lwm yam uas tau txiav txim los ntawm cheeb tsam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm USE rau txhua tus neeg kuaj xyuas tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, thiab tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lawv. Lawv siv tau plaub xyoos.
Retake
Yog tias kawm tiav xyoo tam sim no tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig qis dua qhov qhab nia tsawg kawg nkaus rau ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau ua, nws tuaj yeem rov xeem dua - hauv ib zauglub sij hawm rau qhov no muab rau cov sij hawm ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, ib pawg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog USE tsis tau txais qhov qhab nia tsawg kawg hauv cov kev kawm uas nws tau xaiv nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab ntawd qhov kev rov ua dua yuav tshwm sim tom qab ib xyoos xwb.
Txij li xyoo 2015, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem xeem cov ntawv xeem txog peb zaug (qhov no tsuas yog siv rau lej thiab lus Lavxias xwb). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau rau hnub ntxiv yog tias tsuas yog ib qho kev kawm ua tsis tiav, lossis lub caij nplooj zeeg (Lub Cuaj Hli, Lub Kaum Hli). Hauv qhov xwm txheej kawg, kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim, txij li lub sijhawm teem sijhawm tau dhau mus, tab sis tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.
