Sedge tsev neeg: nta, kev faib tawm thiab lub ntsiab lus

Cov txheej txheem:

Sedge tsev neeg: nta, kev faib tawm thiab lub ntsiab lus
Sedge tsev neeg: nta, kev faib tawm thiab lub ntsiab lus
Anonim

Tsev neeg sedge, muaj txog 5,500 hom thiab 90 genera thoob ntiaj teb, yog tsev neeg thib peb loj tshaj plaws ntawm monocots. Qhov tshwj xeeb ua ke ntawm morphological thiab karyotypic nta ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv sai thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg, nrog rau qib siab ntawm endemism hauv qee pawg.

Morphological nta thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tsev neeg

Nkag zoo li nyom. Ntau thiab ntau cov pov thawj paub tias cov txheeb ze ze ntawm sedges yog rushes. Ob tsev neeg muaj chromosomes nrog ib tug heev peculiar qauv. Centromeres, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm spindle fibers thaum lub sij hawm meiosis, tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ze ntawm nruab nrab, tab sis yog faib diffusely raws qhov ntev ntawm chromosomes. Ob leeg sedges thiab rushes muaj paj ntoos uas disperses nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tetrads. Ob tsev neeg kuj muaj pes tsawg nplooj ib kab.

Sedge tsev neeg: round sedge (Cyperus rotundus)
Sedge tsev neeg: round sedge (Cyperus rotundus)

Cov stems feem ntau yog daim duab peb sab, feem ntau yog cov khoom, thaum cov nyom stems yeej tsis muaj daim duab peb sab - lawv feem ntau hollow. Feem ntau sedgemuaj ib tug morphological tsos ntawm herbaceous perennial nroj tsuag nrog fibrous keeb kwm, daim duab peb sab stems thiab peb-kab nplooj. Ntau hom muaj rhizomes ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv; Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm lawv, rhizomes yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrog cev rau khaws cia cov as-ham. Sedges muaj qhov loj me los ntawm cov nroj tsuag me me tsawg dua 1 centimeter siab mus rau loj papyri uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag li tsib meters.

Kev faib tawm ntawm sedge

Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub faib cov tsev neeg sedge ua 2-4 subfamilies. Kev faib tsev neeg rau hauv ob lub tsev neeg yuav ua rau muaj ib lub tsev neeg ntawm cov sedges (feem ntau nrog cov paj hermaphroditic) thiab ib pawg ntawm cov sedges (nrog cov paj tsis txawv). Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb botanists xav txog qhov kev faib no theej tsis meej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb faib cov sedge ua plaub lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev no:

  1. Sytye. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws subfamily, muaj txog 70 genera thiab 2400 hom. Cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau muaj cov paj zoo nkauj hauv cov kab yooj yim uas feem ntau muaj ntau cov spirally teem los yog ob-kab nplai.
  2. Sedge subfamily Caricoideae. Cov tsev neeg loj tshaj plaws tom ntej no muaj 2100 hom, tawg ntawm tsuas yog 5 genera, thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov paj tsis sib xws hauv spikelets nyob rau hauv tua.
  3. Lub tsev neeg Sclerioideae muaj txog 14 genera thiab 300 hom; Nws cov paj kuj tsis txawv, tab sis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis npog los ntawm kev tua zoo sib xws.
  4. Subfamily Mapanioideae. Muaj txog 170 hom nyob rau hauv 14 genera. Cov paj uas tsis tshua muaj zog txo qis yog densely grouped nyob rau hauv xws li kev ua raws li ib lub paj, lub thiaj li hu uapseudonthium.
Sedge tsev neeg: chufa los yog av almond (Cyperus esculentus)
Sedge tsev neeg: chufa los yog av almond (Cyperus esculentus)

Kev faib tawm thiab ntau haiv neeg

Sedge muaj txog 5000 hom thiab, nyob ntawm kev faib khoom siv, los ntawm 70 txog 115 genera. Cov nroj tsuag raug faib thoob plaws txhua lub tebchaws tshwj tsis yog Antarctica. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom tsiaj muaj nyob hauv thaj av arctic, temperate, thiab tropical, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov genera muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kub kub. Muaj ntau hom kab pom nyob rau sab qaum teb latitudes muaj kev faib ua voj voog. Cov tsiaj muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw sov lossis huab cua sov, uas tsis yog cov nroj tsuag uas muaj dav dav, feem ntau txwv rau ib sab av loj.

Kev sib txawv ntawm ecological ntawm sedge yog loj: hom muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw nyob, tshwj tsis yog rau cov suab puam heev, marine thiab dej hiav txwv ecosystems. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev neeg sedge, txawm li cas los xij, yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm tshav ntuj lossis qhov chaw ntub dej (tshiab thiab ntsev marshes, pas dej thiab pas dej shores, grasslands, ntub prairies thiab savannahs, thiab ntub tundra). Cov tsiaj uas nyiam tshav ntuj kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom tsim xws li kwj dej thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm sedge muaj nyob rau hauv undergrowth ntawm ntau hom forests (ob temperate thiab tropical). Qee qhov tau yoog rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov xuab zeb dunes, pas dej dej tshiab thiab cov kwj deg, thiab pob zeb.

Tsev neeg Sedge: Schenoplectus(Schoenoplectus)
Tsev neeg Sedge: Schenoplectus(Schoenoplectus)

Hauv qab no yog qee cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg sedge, feem ntau ntawm cov loj hlob nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv Russia:

  • bulrush;
  • cobresia;
  • ntaj nyom nyom;
  • sedge;
  • paj nyom;
  • schenoplexus;
  • full;
  • fimbristilis;
  • cyperus.

Family Ecology

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ecological ntawm sedge yog qhov txawv txav. Lawv feem ntau yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau biomes. Yog li, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab ntau yam ntawm cov dej tsis tu ncua hauv cov huab cua, piv txwv li evaporation, transpiration, condensation, nag lossis daus. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab qee zaum tua, nrog rau tubers ntawm sedges yog ib qho khoom noj tseem ceeb rau ntau cov tsiaj hauv dej thiab amphibious. Qhov chaw loj ntawm cov ceg ntoo kuj tseem ceeb heev uas yog qhov chaw nkaum rau ntau tus tsiaj.

Sedges tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov zej zog marshy av, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lawv txoj kev vam meej. Ntau hom ntawm txhua xyoo thiab perennial sedges yog thawj colonizers ntawm lub neej tsis muaj av ntawm cov tshiab tsim biomes. Nyob rau hauv cov av mature swampy, cov hom no yog hloov los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev perennial. Sedge noob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov chaw nyob tshiab los ntawm kev tawg, feem ntau yog cov noog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau hom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tau txais lub caij nyoog cyclic ntawm desiccation, muaj "dormant" cov noob siv tau uas tseem nyob hauv av raws li cov noob qoob loo. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm xws av yog rejuvenated los ntawm noob bank mus rauCov xwm txheej uas tsim nyog, tsis yog tso siab rau kev hloov pauv tshiab.

Sedge tsev neeg: papyrus (Cyperus papyrus)
Sedge tsev neeg: papyrus (Cyperus papyrus)

kev lag luam tseem ceeb

Tsev neeg sedge tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm ntau hom qoob loo muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntawm cov no, los txog rau tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Suav dej txiv ntseej thiab chufas los yog tsov ceev, ntau yam ntawm daj walnut sedge zus feem ntau nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa. Nyob rau hauv ob hom, cov khoom noj khoom haus yog underground tubers. Hauv thaj chaw boreal thiab roob roob, cov tsiaj txhu feem ntau yog cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb thiab tseem tuaj yeem cog tau, xws li cov nyom ntawm qee hom kab hauv Iceland.

Nyob thoob ntiaj teb, ntau hom sedge yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam hauv pob tawb weaving, kev tshuaj ntsuam, thiab txawm tias khau khiab vim lawv tawv, fibrous stems thiab nplooj. Xws li cov nroj tsuag tau cog rau hauv Is Nrias teb. Cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Lake Titicaca hauv Andes siv sedge los tsim cov nkoj me me hu ua balms. Qee qhov loj thiab loj hlob sai sai tau cog rau hauv cov pas dej thiab cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev rau lawv lub peev xwm nqus cov as-ham, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phosphorus thiab nitrogen.

Pom zoo: