Neoteny feem ntau yog thawj zaug kawm hauv chav kawm biology, kawm cov chav Amphibians. Neotenye yog ib qho kev loj hlob qeeb hauv ntau hom uas muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib deev kev sib deev tshwm sim ua ntej neeg laus. Feem ntau neoteny yog suav tias yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm amphibians, worms lossis arthropods. Tab sis ib tug xov tooj ntawm anthropologists cam hais tias txiv neej kuj yog ib yam khoom ntawm neoteny.
Tus piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm neoteny
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv ontogenesis (qhov no yog tus txheej txheem ntawm ib tug neeg txoj kev loj hlob) ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv dej thiab nyob rau hauv av), ces neoteny yuav pab tau kom ciaj sia ntawm hom. Cov larvae nyob rau hauv dej, tom qab metamorphosis (hloov mus rau hauv ib tug neeg laus tsiaj) mus rau hauv av, raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv amphibians (amphibians). Yog tias zaub mov tsis txaus hauv av, cov neeg laus tuaj yeem tuag. Tab sis cov dej larvae qee zaum muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv mus rau kev sib deev, hla theem ntawm metamorphosis. Qhov no pab ua kom zoo.
Axolotl yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm neoteny muab rau hauv txhua phau ntawv. Qhov no yog ib tug larva ntawm ib tug ambistome, ib tsev neeg los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm caudateamphibians. Lawv nyob hauv North America sab av loj thiab thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov thoob dej yug ntses ntawm cov tsiaj nyiam.
Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob ambystoma tsis dhau theem ntawm kev hloov pauv mus rau tus tsiaj laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sab nraud gills, zoo li curls, ploj; ntsws tshwm sim, daim tawv muag tshwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag. Lub axolotl, uas nws daim duab ib txwm evokes kev hlub, tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, twb tsis tshua nyiam tus neeg. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj hormonal inoculation, uas yuav pib theem ntawm metamorphosis.
Neoteny is the engine of evolution
Muaj ib qho kev xav ntawm neotenic txog keeb kwm ntawm Skullless subtype. Cov subtype no suav nrog lancelet, los ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm chordates pib ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Muaj ib tug thib ob subtype ntawm chordates - tunicates. Lawv cov larvae, tsis zoo li cov laus tunicates, zoo ib yam li lancelet. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm neotenye, tunicate larvae hloov mus rau kev yug me nyuam, ua rau nce mus rau ib qho tshiab subtype ntawm non-cranial.
Muaj ib lub tswv yim, tawm tswv yim los ntawm de Beer, tias neoteny yog qhov ua rau pom kab - pawg tsiaj loj tshaj plaws. Kab tshuav lawv lub hauv paus rau centipede larvae.
Botanists kuj zoo li xav tias neotenic kev vam meej hauv lub nceeg vaj cog. Piv txwv li, kev hloov ntawm cov ntoo zoo li cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov nyom. Longline neoteny yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov nyom txhua xyoo, thaum cov menyuam yaus, cov theem qis pib nce, uas tsis loj hlob mus rau tsob ntoo zoo li, "cov neeg laus". L. A. Takhtadzhyan tau hais txog "kev rhuav tshem" ontogenesis, uas yog, kev khaws cia ntawm cov menyuam yaus (cov hluas) ntanyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Cov txheej txheem no yog lub hauv paus evolutionary rau kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm angiosperms.
Peb tuaj qhov twg
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb - V. M. Artsikhovsky, E. Mayr, A. D. Takhtadzhyan - nco ntsoov tias qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm neotenye tsis yog cov larvae pib ntau, tab sis cov neeg laus cov theem khaws cov menyuam yaus. Nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, B. Campbell tau npaj nws version ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus txiv neej - ib tug ncua nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov cim qhia nyob rau hauv liab coj mus rau lub preservation ntawm lawv cov me nyuam yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab ceg ntawm primates, tib neeg poj koob yawm txwv.
Tus txiv neej tiag tiag zoo li tus menyuam chimpanzee ntau dua li tus tsiaj laus:
- yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob txha taub hau (tsis muaj zog hais lus ntawm pob muag, thiab lwm yam);
- cov plaub hau thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub taub hau;
- txheeb ze ntawm cov hniav thiab lub puab tsaig;
- tsis sib npaug ntawm cerebral hemispheres tam sim tom qab yug.
Ethological (kev coj cwj pwm) yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj hluas thiab cov laus kuj tseem ceeb. Nws yog assumed tias qhov xav paub thiab playfulness ntawm cov me nyuam yog genetic kho nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab evolutionary ceg. Hominids (ib tsev neeg ntawm kev loj hlob primates) muaj kev khuv leej ntau dua rau cov neeg koom tes uas muaj menyuam yaus tus cwj pwm zoo.
A. Markov, nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv ntawm tib neeg evolution, qhia tias kev xaiv rau kev phooj ywg (ib tug me nyuam zoo li) yuav ua rau cov hluas xav thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm morphological (sab nrauv) nta. Qhov no txo qis kev ua phem nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm hominids thiabpab txhawb rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob zuj zus.
Result
Neoteny thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv yog qhov kev kawm. Cov tswv yim tshiab txog keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tshwj xeeb yog cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg, tshwm sim txawm tias niaj hnub no. Cov piv txwv classic axolotl (duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog ua tiav los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob txog qhov pom ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv.
