Lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Nta thiab piav qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Nta thiab piav qhia
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Nta thiab piav qhia
Anonim

Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev lag luam hauv kev tsim khoom lossis kev pabcuam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov nqi uas tshwm sim. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom.

Los ntawm kev suav cov nqi, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab pes tsawg tus nqi tau siv rau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab ua raws li qhov no, txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau muag lossis txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm.

Cov ntsiab lus nqi

Tus nqi - tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv rau kev tsim ntau yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov haujlwm tau ua.

tswvyim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom
tswvyim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom suav nrog cov nuj nqis yooj yim xws linyiam:

  • yuav khoom rau kev tsim khoom thiab roj;
  • siv tsheb thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (cov cuab tam tseem ceeb);
  • nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab them nyiaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo pob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab;
  • se thiab lwm yam nyiaj pab rau lub xeev pob nyiaj siv.

Ntxiv rau, tus nqi kawg yuav suav nrog lwm cov nqi tsim nyog rau kev tsim thiab muag cov khoom thiab kev pabcuam.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus nqi hauv nqe lus nyiaj txiag

Tus nqi yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag, vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqi thiab cov nqi tsim khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha. Raws li kev suav cov nqi (cov nqi) rau kev tsim cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem suav tus nqi los ntawm kev ntxiv cov nqi ntxiv (depreciation, tax, insurance deductions, wages,rent, etc.)

Los ntawm cov ntsuas no, tus nqi kawg rau kev muag khoom lossis kev pabcuam raug teeb tsa. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntau dua, tus nqi ntau dua, uas suav nrog tus nqi muag khoom, thiab tus nqi ntxiv, thiab cov nyiaj ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Tus nqi thiab nqi

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqi thiab cov nqi tsim khoom kuj muaj qhov sib cuam tshuam. Tus nqi tus nqi txiav txim siab cov npe ntawm cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm muab, uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom.

lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi thiab cov nqi tsim khoom
lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi thiab cov nqi tsim khoom

Tus nqi rau theem tam sim no suav nrogtus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim thaum lub sij hawm tam sim no ntau lawm txheej txheem. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov nuj nqis rau lub sijhawm tom ntej tsis suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tam sim no. Lawv yuav hais txog tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm lub sijhawm tom ntej.

Kev siv nyiaj rau lub sijhawm tom ntej yog cov nuj nqis uas tseem tsis tau muab faib, tab sis twb tau khaws tseg. Yog li, hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nqi ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Tus nqi ua haujlwm

Lub tswv yim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom tau piav qhia los ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no ua tiav:

  • suav ntawm faib cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom thiab xa khoom;
  • tsim nqi ntawm qhov muag yuav ua;
  • txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam;
  • kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev nqis peev rau kev ua lag luam niaj hnub, kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom;
  • kev txiav txim rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev qhia txog ntau yam kev hloov pauv.

Yog li, tus nqi ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, hauv kev txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm thiab muag cov khoom tsim khoom rau cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov muag khoom.

Tus nqi hom

Lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom raws li ntau yam los ntawm kev faib tawm. Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog:

  • tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tsim lossis cov kev pabcuam muab;
  • tsim raws li qhov twgtus nqi yuav raug xam;
  • kev npog ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom;
  • hom kev lag luam tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm lawv ua.

Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj xav tau, tus nqi tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev.

Quantity of production

Lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si rau ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom thiab rau nws cov khoom tag nrho. Nyob ntawm qhov no, muaj kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom lag luam: tus nqi ntawm ib yam khoom thiab tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm.

tus nqi ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom
tus nqi ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom

Tus nqi ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm kev tsim ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom thiab suav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm qib ntawm ib lub lag luam lossis ntu.

Tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom rau tag nrho cov lag luam tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev kwv yees rau kev tsim khoom. Tus nqi ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom yog xam los ntawm kev suav cov txheej txheem, uas yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws vim muaj pes tsawg tus accounting ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis.

Nqi rau lub hom phiaj

Lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, muab faib ua ob hom: npaj thiab qhov tseeb.

Tus nqi npaj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv thiab cov nqi teev rau cov khoom tsim, thiab tus nqi tiag tiag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog hauv cov lus ceeb toom, suav nrog cov nqi ntawm ntau yam kev xav tau tsis tsim khoom (piv txwv li, kev puas tsuaj. los yog poob ntawm cov khoom raws litsim qauv).

Tus nqi ntawm tus nqi npaj yog tus thawj coj rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev hloov kho tshiab thiab txhim kho kev lag luam, nce qib ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom thiab txo cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim khoom. Ua li no, lawv npaj cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas lawv daws cov teeb meem zoo sib xws thiab cov teeb meem kev lag luam.

Tus nqi los ntawm kev them nyiaj ntau

Lub tswv yim thiab cov nqi tsim khoom kuj suav nrog kev faib tawm raws li qhov dav ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muag. Nyob rau theem no, qhov sib txawv yog ua los ntawm tag nrho, ntau lawm thiab cov nqi hauv cheeb tsam.

Cov nqi them nqi suav nrog tus nqi pabcuam rau lub rooj cob qhia los ua ib hom haujlwm. Qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv, hluav taws xob, cov nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev txo nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub rooj cob qhia.

lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov kev pabcuam
lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov kev pabcuam

Tus nqi tsim khoom qhia txog tus nqi uas tag nrho cov lag luam siv rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam hauv nqe lus nug. Cov nqi no suav nrog: tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, roj thiab hluav taws xob, cov nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, txo nqi ntawm txhua yam cuab yeej thiab khoom siv muaj nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab.

Tus nqi tag nrho, ntxiv rau cov nqi saum toj no, suav nrog tus nqi muag khoom tiav: kev xa khoom, kev thauj mus los, kev them nyiaj rau kev saib xyuas cov koom haum muag khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Nyiaj raws hom kev lag luam

raucov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam, lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom yuav suav nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Rau cov koom haum uas siv cov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom raug suav nrog hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, rau kev ua haujlwm mining, tus nqi ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav geological raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Ib yam li ntawd, tus nqi xav tau yog xam rau lwm hom kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog tag nrho cov nqi tshwm sim rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Txhawm rau xam tus nqi ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm kev tsim khoom, tus nqi nqi rau tag nrho lub xyoo yog muab faib los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev. Hauv qhov no, tus nqi kwv yees tau txais. Kev suav yog ua rau tus nqi tseeb.

Tus nqi nyiaj txiag

Raws li kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag, lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam suav nrog ob feem ntawm cov nuj nqis, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov nqi los ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom suav.

lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib lub lag luam
lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib lub lag luam

Cov khoom lag luam suav nrog:

  • nyiaj txiag ntawm kev tsim khoom;
  • Cov nqi them rau cov nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj pab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm;
  • depreciation;
  • thiab lwm yam nqi uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.

Tus nqi nyiaj txiag suav nrog:

  • tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom rau kev tsim khoom;
  • nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom rau cov kev xav tau tsis tsim khoom;
  • tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw rau kev tsim cov khoom thiab cov khoom ua tiav;
  • nqerau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg thib peb ntawm kev tsim khoom;
  • nqi rau cov khoom siv ntuj;
  • nqi roj, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tshuab thiab khoom siv, nrog rau qhov chaw cua sov thiab lwm lub hom phiaj;
  • nqi ntawm kev yuav lub zog xav tau rau kev tsim khoom thiab tsis tsim khoom xav tau ntawm kev lag luam.

Los ntawm cov nqi nyiaj txiag tau txais, cov nqi pov tseg tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab muag rau cov tuam txhab thib peb raug txiav tawm. Cov khib nyiab hauv qhov no yog cov khoom seem, roj, cov khoom siv ua tiav thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab poob cov khoom thiab cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Lawv raug muag ntawm tus nqi qis dua qhov kev yuav khoom lossis ntawm tus nqi tag nrho, nyob ntawm cov khoom.

Tus nqi nyiaj txiag yog ib feem ntawm tus nqi

Cov nqi saum toj no yog ib feem ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom. Txhua tus ntawm lawv suav nrog qee cov kev siv nyiaj.

Cov nqi them nyiaj suav nrog cov nqi them nyiaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom, nrog rau cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb, kev txhawb siab thiab lwm yam nyiaj them. Cov nyiaj pab them nqi suav nrog kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, kev pov hwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab nyiaj laus nyiaj laus.

lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov kev pabcuam
lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov kev pabcuam

Kev txiav tawm luv nqi yog tus nqi ntawm kev kho thiab kho cov tshuab, cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej koom nrog hauv txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Tau hauvtag nrho cov nyiaj yuav suav nrog lwm cov nuj nqis: kev txiav se tawm, kev them nqi ntawm cov nuj nqis uas twb muaj lawm, cov nuj nqis rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, them nqi xauj tsev, pab nyiaj rau cov nyiaj tuav pov hwm vaj tse, cov nqi kho vaj tse, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi tiag tiag suav nrog cov nqi them tuaj yeem lav kev pabcuam thaum lub sijhawm teev tseg, kev poob ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab yuam kev poob sijhawm, them nyiaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev raug mob, nrog rau cov nyiaj tsis txaus thiab cov peev txheej thaum tsis muaj tus neeg raug liam.

suav suav

Cov nqi khoom lag luam yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv kev suav nyiaj ntawm lub tuam txhab. Kev suav yog ua raws li cov nqi tam sim no rau roj, cov khoom lag luam ib nrab thiab cov khoom siv raw tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom.

Xaiv yog ua rau cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau pawg nqi yuav tsum tau ua. Cov no suav nrog:

  • tus cwj pwm ntawm kev tsim khoom;
  • tus nqi rau tus kheej;
  • piv rau kev hloov pauv.

Raws li kev suav, lawv tau txais tag nrho cov nuj nqis uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb, ua raws tus nqi ntawm lub sijhawm teev tseg. Tus nqi no sib raug rau tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau ua kom suav ntxiv.

Xaiv yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws los txiav txim tus nqi, vim nws tsis siv qhov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem suav, koj tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho twgib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog tus nqi tsim nyog.

Tus nqi

Hauv kev xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom yog tus thawj coj los txiav txim siab cov nqi tsim khoom lossis kev pabcuam. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus nqi no, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam tau ua tiav, qhov twg muaj kev poob loj thiab cov nqi, thiab yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tuaj yeem txhim kho.

cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom

Tus nqi tus nqi coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis yog cov nqi tsim khoom nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tsis yog cov nqi tsim khoom, yog li nws nqa cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, hais txog tus nqi, tus nqi ntxiv ntawm cov khoom kawg thaum lub sij hawm muag yog xam.

Yog li, txhawm rau sau cov nqe lus nyiaj txiag tseeb ntawm kev lag luam rau kev tsim khoom lossis kev pabcuam, nws yuav tsum suav cov nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

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