Troy (Ilion) yog lub nroog legendary. Qhov chaw ntawm Trojan Tsov Rog, uas tau piav qhia hauv Homer's epic paj huam thiab hais nyob rau hauv nws lwm epic, The Odyssey.
Hnub no, Ilion yog lub npe ntawm qhov chaw archaeological ntawm Hisarlık hauv Anatolia, ze rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, sab hnub poob ntawm Dardanelles, hauv qab Mount Ida.
Thaum lub sijhawm kav tebchaws Loos huab tais Augustus, lub nroog Loos tshiab ntawm Ilium tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Ilion puas tsuaj. Nws vam meej mus txog rau thaum nrhiav tau ntawm Constantinople, tab sis maj mam poob mus thoob plaws lub sij hawm Byzantine.
Legendary Troy
Keeb kwm ntawm Troy pib hauv dab neeg thiab dab neeg. Raws li Greek mythology, Trojans yog cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog Ilion hauv Asia Me. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv Asia, Troy tshwm nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg raws li ib feem ntawm Greek kab lis kev cai ntawm lub nroog-xeev.
Nyob rau hauv cov lus dab neeg, Ilion yog lub nroog nto moo rau nws cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev tsim kev lag luam marine nrog rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj. Cov Trojans tsim cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj, muaj npe nrov rau lawv txoj haujlwm nrog cov hlau thiab cov phab ntsa tsis zoo uas nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog.
Trojan tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npelos ntawm Zeus nws tus kheej thiab Electra - niam txiv ntawm Dardanus. Dardanus yog tus tsim legendary ntawm Troy uas, raws li Greek mythology, yug hauv Arcadia thiab tom qab tsim Dardania, uas tau txiav txim los ntawm Aeneas.
Tom qab Dardanus tuag, lub nceeg vaj tau dhau mus rau hauv nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Tros, uas hu cov neeg thiab lub teb chaws los ntawm nws tus kheej lub npe - Troad. Ilus, tus tub ntawm Tros, nrhiav tau lub nroog ntawm Ilium (Troy), hu ua tom qab nws. Zeus muab Ilus lub Palladium. Poseidon thiab Apollo tau tsim cov phab ntsa thiab fortifications nyob ib ncig ntawm Troy rau Laomedon, tus tub yau ntawm Ilus.
Ob peb xyoo ua ntej Trojan Tsov Rog, Hercules tau kov yeej Troy, lub nroog Zeus, thiab tua Laomedon thiab tag nrho nws cov tub, tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Priam. Priam tom qab ntawd los ua huab tais ntawm Troy. Thaum lub sijhawm nws kav, Mycenaean Greeks tau tawm tsam thiab kov yeej Troy thaum Tsov Rog Trojan (xav tias tau tshwm sim ntawm 1193 thiab 1183 BCE).
Mount Ida yog qhov chaw uas nto moo "Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Paris" tshwm sim, uas yog qhov pib ntawm Trojan War. Los ntawm lub ncov ntawm lub roob no, cov vajtswv tau saib cov tub rog ua yeeb yam, nws yog qhov ntawd Hera hloov siab rau Zeus kom tso cai rau kev kov yeej ntawm Ilion zoo. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas Aeneas thiab nws cov neeg tau so thaum tos cov Greeks tawm.
Troy Homer
Nyob rau hauv Homer zaj paj huam, Ilion yog ib lub nroog nyob rau ntawm ib lub toj tshaj lub Scamadra tiaj, qhov twg muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Trojan tsov rog tshwm sim.
Cov Greeks thiab Loos tsis tau hais txog qhov tseeb keeb kwm ntawm Trojan Tsov Rog thiab txheeb xyuas Homer's Ilion nrog lub nroog Anatolia. Alexander lub Great,Piv txwv li, tau mus xyuas qhov chaw hauv 334 BC. e. thiab muab kev txi rau ntawm qhov ntxa raug liam ntawm Achilles thiab Patroclus.
Ancient Greek keeb kwm ntseeg tias Trojan Tsov Rog tau tshwm sim hauv XII-XIV centuries BC.
Qee cov keeb kwm niaj hnub no qhia tias Homeric Troy - lub nroog uas cov Greeks caij nkoj - tsis nyob hauv Anatolia, tab sis lwm qhov. Lawv muab Askiv, Croatia thiab txawm Scandinavia. Tau kawg, feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb tsis lees paub cov kev xav no.
Status of the Iliad
Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog keeb kwm qhov tseeb ntawm Iliad tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm dhau mus nrog lub zog tshiab. Qhov ntau peb kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm Bronze Age, qhov nthuav ntxiv yog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov tseeb npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm sau los ntawm cov kab ntawm Iliad thiab Odyssey yog.
Historians, anthropologists thiab archaeologists tau tuaj rau ib lub tswv yim hais tias lub Iliad tsis yog ib tug ntev ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tab sis yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kheej, cov dab neeg tsis tseeb. Nws them ntau xim rau tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm tus kheej muaj zog dua li qhov tseeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me. Kev Tsov Rog Trojan hauv Iliad ua haujlwm zoo li keeb kwm yav dhau los rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev xwm txheej ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm epic.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis ntawm Homeric Troy ntsib cov lus nug tib yam li Plato's Atlantis. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv thaum ub raug suav hais tias yog qee qhov tseeb thiab los ntawm lwm tus li mythology lossis ntawv tseeb. Koj tuaj yeem sim ua kom muaj kev sib txuas tiag tiag ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv thiab cov xwm txheej keeb kwm lossis qhov chaw, tab sis cov kev sib txuas no yog cov ntsiab lus siab.
Homer's paj huam "Iliad" as a legend
Ib txhia archaeologists thiab historians hais tias tsis muaj ib qho xwm txheej uas Homer nthuav tawm yog keeb kwm tseeb. Lwm tus lees tias nws tsis tuaj yeem cais cov dab neeg thiab kev muaj tiag hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Greek thaum ub.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov kws sau keeb kwm tau xav tias Homer cov dab neeg yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov dab neeg Greek thaum ub thiab cov dab neeg hais txog ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua tub rog uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm Bronze Age.
The Iliad as historical fact
Lwm qhov kev xav yog tias Homer tau nkag mus rau cov haujlwm epic thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm Mycenaean. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, paj huam piav qhia txog keeb kwm kev ua tub rog tiag tiag uas tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm kev poob qis ntawm Mycenaean kev vam meej.
Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm Iliad yog cov txuj lom ntau nrog cov dab neeg, tab sis cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm lossis cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo ib yam nrog cov xwm txheej tau hais hauv Iliad yuav tsum muaj sia nyob.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav, qee nqe ntawm Iliad tawm ntawm kev sib dhos, zoo li lawv tau sau ua ntej lossis ua lwm yam lus. Nws tau hais tias Homer yuav tau qiv qee nqe lus los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.
