Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, uas nws biography yuav piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb thiab sau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Physics thiab Mathematics Department ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Nws yog ib tug ntawm 12 tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Geographical Society. Nws paub tsawg kawg yog 12 yam lus, suav nrog ntau yam Turkic. Nws tau paub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sau phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia ntawm Lus Lavxias.
Ntxhais hmoob
Vladimir Dal, uas nws biography paub zoo rau txhua tus kiv cua ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, yug hauv 1801 ntawm thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Lugansk (Ukraine).
Nws txiv yog Dane, thiab Ivan coj lub npe Lavxias nrog rau kev ua pej xeem Lavxias xyoo 1799. Ivan Matveyevich Dal paub Fabkis, Greek, Askiv, Yiddish, Hebrew, Latin thiab German, yog ib tug kws kho mob thiab kev ntseeg. Nws lub peev xwm hais lus tau siab heev uas Catherine II nws tus kheej tau caw Ivan Matveevich mus rau St. Petersburg mus ua haujlwm hauvtsev qiv ntawv tsev hais plaub. Tom qab ntawd nws tau mus rau Jena los cob qhia ua kws kho mob, tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau Russia thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai kho mob.
Hauv St. Petersburg, Ivan Matveevich tau sib yuav Maria Freitag. Lawv muaj 4 tug tub:
- Vladimir (yug 1801).
- Karl (yug 1802). Nws ua haujlwm hauv Navy tag nrho nws lub neej, tsis muaj menyuam. faus hauv Nikolaev (Ukraine).
- Pavel (yug 1805). Nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj thiab, vim kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, tau nyob nrog nws niam hauv Ltalis. Tsis muaj menyuam. Tub hluas tuag thiab faus rau hauv Rome.
- Leo (xyoo yug tsis paub). Nws raug tua los ntawm Polish cov neeg ntxeev siab.
Maria Dahl paub 5 yam lus. Nws niam yog ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tsev neeg qub ntawm Fabkis Huguenots thiab kawm ntawv Lavxias. Feem ntau nws txhais ua lus Lavxias ua haujlwm ntawm A. V. Iffland thiab S. Gesner. Maria Dahl yawg yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev qiv nyiaj, tus kws ntsuam xyuas qib siab. Qhov tseeb, nws yog tus yuam kom leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej kom tau txais kev kho mob, suav tias yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws.
Study
Kev kawm theem pib Vladimir Dal, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tau txais hauv tsev. Cov niam txiv txij thaum yau instilled rau nws hlub kev nyeem ntawv.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos, Vladimir, nrog rau nws tus kwv yau, nkag mus rau St. Petersburg Cadet Corps. Nyob ntawd lawv kawm tau 5 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1819, Dahl kawm tiav raws li ib tug midshipman. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav sau txog nws txoj kev kawm thiab kev pabcuam hauv Navy 20 xyoo tom qab hauv zaj dab neeg "Midshipman Kisses, lossis Saib Rov Qab Ua Neej."
Tau ua haujlwm hauv Navy txog xyoo 1826, Vladimir nkag mus rau kws kho mob ntawm Dorpat University. Nws khwv taurau lub neej, muab kev qhia ua lus Lavxias. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, nws yuav tsum nyob hauv lub tsev dai khaub ncaws. Ob xyoos tom qab, Dahl tau tso npe rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv xeev. Raws li ib tug ntawm nws biography sau: "Vladimir plunged headlong rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb fawb." Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog leaned rau cov lus Latin. Thiab rau nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev xav, nws txawm tau txais ib qho khoom plig.
Kuv yuav tsum cuam tshuam kuv txoj kev kawm nrog pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish xyoo 1828. Hauv thaj av Transdanubian, cov neeg mob plague tau nce ntxiv, thiab cov tub rog hauv thaj teb xav tau los ntxiv dag zog rau kev pabcuam kho mob. Vladimir Dal, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv paub txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv txawv teb chaws, dhau qhov kev xeem rau tus kws phais ua ntej lub sijhawm. Nws cov lus tshaj tawm tau raug hu ua "Ntawm Txoj Kev Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Craniotomy thiab ntawm Nthuav Ulceration ntawm lub raum."
kev kho mob
Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tuam txhab Polish thiab Lavxias-Turkish, Vladimir tau pom nws tus kheej ua tus kws kho mob ua tub rog zoo. Xyoo 1832, nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob St. Petersburg thiab tsis ntev los no tau los ua ib tus kws kho mob paub zoo thiab muaj kev hwm hauv nroog.
P. I. Melnikov (Dal's biographer) tau sau tias: “Tawm ntawm kev phais mob, Vladimir Ivanovich tsis tso tshuaj. Nws pom kev mob siab rau tshiab - homeopathy thiab ophthalmology."
kev ua tub rog
Dal's biography, cov ntsiab lus uas qhia tau hais tias Vladimir ib txwm ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj, piav qhia txog rooj plaub thaum tus kws sau ntawv tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ua tub rog. Qhov no tshwm sim xyoo 1831 thaum General Ridiger hla tus dej Vistula (Polish tuam txhab). Dahl pab tsim tus choj hla nws, tiv thaiv nws, thiabtom qab kev hla - puas lawm. Rau qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob ncaj qha, Vladimir Ivanovich tau txais kev cem los ntawm nws cov thawj coj. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, tsar tus kheej muab khoom plig rau yav tom ntej ethnographer nrog Vladimir Cross.
thawj kauj ruam hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Dal, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv tau paub zoo rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv, pib nws txoj haujlwm sau ntawv nrog kev thuam. Nws tau tsim ib qho epigram rau Craig, tus thawj coj ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet, thiab Yulia Kulchinskaya, nws tus poj niam sib xws. Rau qhov no, Vladimir Ivanovich raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1823 rau 9 lub hlis. Tom qab kev txiav txim ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, nws tsiv los ntawm Nikolaev mus rau Kronstadt.
Xyoo 1827, Dahl tau luam tawm nws thawj zaj paj huam hauv Slavyanin magazine. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1830 nws qhia nws tus kheej raws li ib tug prose sau nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Gypsy", luam tawm nyob rau hauv Moscow Telegraph. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tsab xov xwm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej txog qhov zoo kawg nkaus ua hauj lwm. Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau thematic encyclopedias. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm zaj dab neeg tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntu "Vladimir Dal: Biography". Tus kws sau ntawv kuj tau sau ntau phau ntawv rau menyuam yaus. Qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws tau txaus siab los ntawm "First Pervinka", thiab "Primary Other".
Kev lees txim thiab raug ntes zaum ob
Raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv, Vladimir Dal, uas nws biography yog paub zoo rau tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, tau nto moo ua tsaug rau nws phau ntawv "Lavxias teb sab Tales", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1832. Tus rector ntawm lub koom haum Derpt tau caw nws cov tub ntxhais kawm yav dhau los mus rau chav haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Vladimir phau ntawv tau txais raws li ib tug dissertation rau degree ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Philosophy. Tam sim no sawv daws paub tias Dahl yog ib tug kws sau ntawv,nws biography yog ib qho piv txwv ua raws. Tab sis teeb meem tshwm sim. Cov hauj lwm raug tsis lees paub los ntawm Minister of Education nws tus kheej yog tsis ntseeg. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov denunciation ntawm tus nom Mordvinov.
Dal's biography piav txog qhov xwm txheej no raws li hauv qab no. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1832, Vladimir Ivanovich tau taug kev ncig lub tsev kho mob uas nws ua haujlwm. Cov neeg hnav khaub ncaws tuaj, ntes nws thiab coj nws mus rau Mordvinov. Nws tau tawm tsam tus kws kho mob nrog kev tsim txom tsis zoo, waving "Lavxias Fairy Tales" nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws lub qhov ntswg, thiab xa tus kws sau ntawv mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Zhukovsky pab Vladimir, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd yog tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Alexander, tus tub ntawm Nicholas I. Zhukovsky piav qhia rau tus txais los ntawm lub zwm txwv txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug anecdotal lub teeb, piav qhia txog Dahl raws li ib tug me ntsis thiab txawj ntse, muab khoom plig thiab txiav txim rau. kev ua tub rog. Alexander ntseeg nws txiv ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab Vladimir Ivanovich raug tso tawm.
Kev paub thiab kev phooj ywg nrog Pushkin
Txhua yam luam tawm biography ntawm Dahl muaj ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev paub nrog tus kws sau paj huam zoo. Zhukovsky pheej cog lus rau Vladimir tias nws yuav qhia nws rau Pushkin. Dal tau nkees ntawm tos thiab, coj ib daim qauv ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Fairy Tales", uas tau tshem tawm ntawm kev muag khoom, mus qhia nws tus kheej rau Alexander Sergeevich ntawm nws tus kheej. Pushkin, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb, kuj qhia Vladimir Ivanovich nrog ib phau ntawv - "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm tus pov thawj thiab nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm Balda." Yog li pib lawv txoj kev phooj ywg.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1836, Vladimir Ivanovich tuaj txog hauv St. Pushkin tau mus xyuas nws ntau zaus thiab nug txog kev tshawb nrhiav lus. PoetKuv yeej nyiam lo lus "creep out" hnov los ntawm Dahl. Nws txhais tau tias daim tawv nqaij uas nab thiab nab los tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Thaum mus ntsib tom ntej, Alexander Sergeevich nug Dahl, taw rau nws lub tsho tiv no: "Zoo, kuv nkag mus zoo? Kuv yuav tsis nkag los ntawm nws sai sai no. Kuv yuav sau masterpieces nyob rau hauv nws!” Nyob rau hauv no frock tsho tiv no nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug duel. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev txom nyem tsis tsim nyog rau tus kws sau paj huam raug mob, "ceep out" yuav tsum tau flogged. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm Dahl phau ntawv keeb kwm rau cov menyuam yaus piav txog qhov xwm txheej no.
Vladimir Ivanovich tau koom nrog hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov txhab tuag ntawm Alexander Sergeevich, txawm hais tias tus kws sau paj huam cov txheeb ze tsis caw Dahl. Kawm paub tias ib tug phooj ywg raug mob hnyav, nws tuaj rau nws tus kheej. Pushkin tau ncig los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv rau Ivan Spassky (tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg Pushkins) thiab tus kws kho mob hauv tsev hais plaub Nikolai Arendt, peb tus kws tshaj lij ntxiv tuaj. Alexander Sergeevich zoo siab tos txais Dahl thiab nug nrog kev thov: "Qhia qhov tseeb, kuv puas yuav tuag sai sai no?" Vladimir Ivanovich teb cov kws tshaj lij: "Peb cia siab tias txhua yam yuav zoo thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab." Tus kws sau paj lug tuav tes ua tsaug.
Nyob ze qhov kev tuag, Pushkin muab Dahl nws lub nplhaib kub nrog emerald, nrog cov lus: "Vladimir, coj nws ua ib qho khoom plig." Thiab thaum tus kws sau ntawv co nws lub taub hau, Alexander Sergeevich rov hais dua: "Cia li, kuv tus phooj ywg, kuv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj los sau." Tom qab ntawd, Dahl tau sau txog qhov khoom plig no rau V. Odoevsky: "Thaum kuv saib lub nplhaib no, kuv xav tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo." Dahl tau mus xyuas tus kws sau paj huam poj ntsuam kom rov qab tau lub txiaj ntsim. Tab sis Natalya Nikolaevna tsis lees txais nws, hais tias: "Tsis yog,Vladimir Ivanovich, qhov no yog rau koj nco. Thiab tseem, kuv xav muab koj lub tsho tiv no frock pierced los ntawm ib lub mos txwv. Nws yog lub tsho crawl-out frock tau piav saum toj no.
Kev txij nkawm
Hauv xyoo 1833 Dahl's biography tau cim los ntawm ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb: nws tau sib yuav Julia Andre. Los ntawm txoj kev, Pushkin nws tus kheej paub nws tus kheej. Julia qhia nws qhov kev xav ntawm nws tus neeg paub nrog tus kws sau paj huam hauv ntawv rau E. Voronina. Ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam, Vladimir tsiv mus rau Orenburg, qhov chaw lawv muaj ob tug me nyuam. Xyoo 1834, tus tub Leo yug los, thiab 4 xyoos tom qab, tus ntxhais Yulia. Ua ke nrog nws tsev neeg, Dahl tau raug xa mus ua haujlwm rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Governor V. A. Perovsky.
Ovdovev, Vladimir Ivanovich remarried nyob rau hauv 1840 rau Ekaterina Sokolova. Nws yug tau tus sau peb tus ntxhais: Maria, Olga thiab Ekaterina. Cov tom kawg tau sau cov ntawv nco txog nws txiv, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1878 hauv Russky Vestnik magazine.
Naturalist
Nyob rau xyoo 1838, rau qhov kev sau ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov tsiaj ntawm Orenburg Territory, Dal tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Department of Natural Sciences.
phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia
Txhua tus neeg uas paub Dahl's biography paub txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv - "Phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia". Thaum nws tau sib sau ua ke thiab ua tiav rau tsab ntawv "P", Vladimir Ivanovich xav so haujlwm thiab ua tib zoo mloog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv 1859, Dahl tau tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Shcherbaty, uas sau Keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Hauv lub tsev no, theem kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus, uas tseem tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntim, tau tshwm sim.
Dal tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm uas tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv ob nqe lus: "Cov lus nyob hauv zej zog yuav tsum dhau los ua cov khoom muaj nqis thiab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev paub lus Lavxias"; "Cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom thiab cov lus yog qhov ua tsis tau thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig." Thiab qhov ntau txhua hnub thiab yooj yim cov ntsiab lus, qhov ntau intricate nws yog. Kev piav qhia thiab kev xa tawm ntawm lo lus mus rau lwm tus neeg yog qhov paub ntau dua li cov ntsiab lus. Thiab cov piv txwv pab qhia kom meej ntau dua."
Txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj zoo no, tus kws sau ntawv Dahl, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm muaj nyob hauv ntau cov ntawv sau keeb kwm, siv sijhawm 53 xyoo. Nov yog yam uas Kotlyarevsky tau sau txog phau ntawv txhais lus: "Cov ntawv nyeem, Lavxias teb sab science thiab tag nrho cov tib neeg tau txais ib lub monument tsim nyog ntawm peb cov neeg. Dahl txoj hauj lwm yuav yog kev txaus siab ntawm cov tiam tom ntej."
Xyoo 1861, rau thawj phau ntawv txhais lus, Imperial Geographical Society muab khoom plig Vladimir Ivanovich lub Konstantinovsky puav pheej. Xyoo 1868 nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences. Thiab tom qab tshaj tawm tag nrho cov phau ntawv txhais lus, Dal tau txais Lomonosov nqi zog.
xyoo tshiab
Xyoo 1871, tus kws sau ntawv tau mob thiab caw ib tug pov thawj Orthodox rau lub sijhawm no. Dahl ua qhov no vim nws xav coj kev sib raug zoo raws li kev cai Orthodox. Qhov ntawd yog, tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag, nws hloov dua siab tshiab rau Orthodoxy.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, uas nws biography tau piav saum toj no, tuag. Nws raug faus nrog nws tus poj niam ntawm Vagankovsky tojntxas. Rau xyoo tom qab, nws tus tub Leo kuj raug cuam tshuam rau ntawd.
