Lub ntuj lub hnub qub mesmerizing. Txawm hais tias niaj hnub no kev txaus siab ntawm kev pom Milky Way yog qhov nyuaj heev - cov plua plav ntawm cov huab cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nroog, txo cov peev xwm pom cov hnub qub nyob rau hmo ntuj. Tias yog vim li cas ib qho kev mus rau lub astronomical observatory los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim rau cov layman. Thiab cov hnub qub rov pib instill cia siab thiab npau suav nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg. Muaj txog 60 lub chaw soj ntsuam hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
me ntsis kev paub
Cov chaw soj ntsuam hauv av niaj hnub yog cov chaw tshawb fawb. Lawv cov dej num yog dav dav dua li kev soj ntsuam lub cev xilethi-aus, tshwm sim thiab cov khoom tsim khoom siv qhov chaw.
Cov chaw soj ntsuam hauv av niaj hnub tau nruab nrog lub koob yees duab muaj zog (kho qhov muag thiab xov tooj cua), cov cuab yeej niaj hnub rau kev ua haujlwmtau txais cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tsev nrog qhib hatches los yog vaj tse nyob rau hauv dav dav uas tig nrog optical telescopes. Xov tooj cua telescopes raug ntsia sab nraum zoov.
Feem ntau cov chaw soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv qhov siab lossis nrog kev pom zoo tag nrho, thiab feem ntau lawv qhov chaw yog khi rau qee qhov kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb hauv astronomy.
History of domestic observatories
Nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj yam khoom no nyob rau hauv ib chav sib cais tau tshwm sim ntawm kev pib ntawm Archbishop Athanasius hauv 1692. Optical telescope tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tswb pej thuam hauv Kholmogory hauv thaj av Arkhangelsk.
Nyob rau xyoo 1701, ib tug npoj yaig thiab koom nrog Peter I, tus neeg sawv cev thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Yakov Vilimovich Bruce (James Daniel Bruce, 1670-1735) tau pib qhib qhov chaw soj ntsuam ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Navigation ntawm Sukharev Ntauwd hauv Moscow. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muaj sextants thiab quadrants. Thiab nws nyob ntawm no tias hnub ci dab noj hnub ntawm 1706 tau pom thawj zaug.
Thawj qhov chaw saib xyuas tau tshwm sim ntawm Vasilyevsky Island. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Peter I, tab sis qhib hauv Catherine I hauv 1725. Nws tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, tab sis twb yog ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev monument, nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Academy of Sciences. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm no octagonal pej thuam muaj ntau yam drawbacks, nrog rau nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog.
Txhua yam ntawm nws cov cuab yeej raug thauj mus rau Pulkovo Observatory, uas tau muab tso rau hauv 1835 thiab qhib rau xyoo 1839. Tau ntev, qhov kev soj ntsuam astronomical tshwj xeeb yog tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab hnub no nws tau tuav nws txoj haujlwm.
Hnub no muaj txog 60 lub chaw soj ntsuam thiab chaw tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Russia, txog 10 lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab nrog cov chaw haujlwm ntawm hnub qub, ntau dua ib txhiab tus kws tshawb fawb thiab ntau txhiab tus neeg nyiam nyiam lub hnub qub saum ntuj.
Qhov tseem ceeb
Lub Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Nws nyob ntawm Pulkovo Heights, uas yog 19 kilometers sab qab teb ntawm St. Nws nyob ntawm Pulkovo meridian thiab muaj qhov chaw ua haujlwm 59 ° 46 "18" sab qaum teb latitude thiab 30 ° 19 "33" sab hnub tuaj longitude.
Lub chaw soj ntsuam Lavxias tseem ceeb no muaj 119 tus kws tshawb fawb, 49 tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab 31 tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob: astrometry (tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb no), celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics, stellar evolution thiab extragalactic astronomy.
Txhua yam no ua tau ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej ntse tshaj plaws, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog ib lub hnub ci tsom iav loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe - ACU-5 kab rov tav telescope.
Kev mus ncig yav tsaus ntuj thiab hmo ntuj muaj nyob ntawm no, thaum koj tuaj yeem pom cov hnub qub "dub" hmo ntuj. Thiab ntawm no observatory muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej uas nthuav qhia tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm astronomy raug sau. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim astronomical thiab geodetic ancient instruments.
Ib qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia yog Pushchino Xov Tooj Cua Astronomy Observatory ntawm ASC FIAN. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1956 thiab hnub no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plawsnruab nrog: RT-22 xov tooj cua telescopes, meridian-hom xov tooj cua telescopes nrog ob lub kav hlau txais xov DKR-100 thiab BSA.
Nyob hauv Pushchino, Moscow cheeb tsam, nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog 54 ° 49 "sab qaum teb latitude thiab 37 ° 38" sab hnub tuaj longitude.
Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias nyob rau hauv huab cua huab cua koj tuaj yeem hnov "suab nkauj" ntawm telescopes. Lawv hais tias hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" Sergei Bondarchuk tau siv lub kaw lus ntawm zaj nkauj hysterical.
Astronomical Observatory ntawm Kazan University
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kazan, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, muaj ib tug qub observatory nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1833 nyob rau hauv lub Department of Astronomy. Qhov no amazing tsev nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism yog ib txwm nrov nrog cov qhua ntawm lub nroog. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib cheeb tsam chaw rau kev cob qhia thiab siv satellite navigation systems.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam no: Merz refractor, Repsold heliometer, George Dollon raj, equatorial thiab lub sijhawm moos.
Ib tug yau
Baikal Astrophysical Observatory tau qhib rau xyoo 1980. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb microastroclimate - anticyclones hauv zos thiab me me ascending cua tam sim no los ntawm Lake Baikal tsim tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm no. Nws belongs rau lub koom haum ntawm Solar-Terrestrial Physics ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences thiab yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej: lub hnub ci lub tshuab nqus tsev telescope loj (qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Eurasia), ib tug tag nrho-disk hnub ci telescope, chromospheric telescope, thiab photoheliograph.
lub ntsiab lus tseem ceebCov kev ua ub no ntawm observatory nyob rau hauv Russia yog kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm hnub ci formations thiab sau npe ntawm flares ntawm lub hnub. Tsis xav tias nws hu ua Solar Observatory.
Lub koob yees duab loj tshaj
Lub chaw hnub qub loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia yog Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshwj Xeeb Astrophysical. Nws nyob ze Mount Pastukhovaya nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus (lub zos ntawm Nizhny Arkhyz, Karachay-Cherkess koom pheej). Nws tau tsim muaj nyob rau xyoo 1966 los ua lub koob yees duab loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia - Loj Azimuth. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub rooj sib txoos tau ua tiav rau 15 xyoo thiab niaj hnub no nws yog lub koob yees duab nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws rau-meter daim iav. Nws lub dome yog 50 meters siab thiab 45 meters txoj kab uas hla.
Dhau li ntawm nws, 2 lub koob yees duab ntxiv ntawm qhov me me me tau teeb tsa ntawm no.
Muaj kev coj mus ncig ua si rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lub koob yees duab no tau tuaj xyuas txog li 700 tus neeg ib hnub. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau thaj chaw deb no kuj pom lub ntsej muag ntawm Tswv Yexus. Qhov no yog lub cim pob zeb tshwj xeeb, uas nyob ib mais ntawm qhov chaw soj ntsuam.
Ntawm no, hauv Arkhyz, yav dhau los zoo li los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub neej yav tom ntej thiab tib neeg txoj kev ntshaw rau lub hnub qub.
Peb tsis muaj ntuj txaus ntawm peb tus kheej
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, ib txoj haujlwm Lavxias-Cuban tau tsim los tsim ob lub chaw soj ntsuam hauv tebchaws Cuba. Muaj kev sib tham txog kev xaiv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws astroclimatic thiab huab cua tej yam kev mob rau qhov chaw ntawm no autonomous thiab tag nrho automated telescopes.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov project suav nrog kev sau thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm spectral, positional thiab photometricyam ntxwv ntawm ntau qhov chaw khoom.
