Pleonasm yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus uas muaj qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib npaug. Hauv lwm lo lus, ib qho kev qhia tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom lus nrog tib lub ntsiab lus. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob qho tib si hauv ib ntu ntawm cov ntawv nyeem lossis hais lus, thiab hauv kev hais lus nws tus kheej.
Pleonasm, cov piv txwv uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg, uas nyob rau hauv lem pab kov yeej cov teeb meem uas tiv thaiv kev nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus (piv txwv li, kev sib txuas lus suab nrov). Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam, pleonasm yog ib qho kev tsim qauv ntawm cov lus thiab cov khoom siv stylistic rau kev hais lus paj huam. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog ib qho lus tsis txaus ntseeg, thaum redundancy sib tw nrog kev lag luam ntawm cov peev txheej lus. Xws li pleonasm yog hu ua tautology thiab qhia txog qhov tsis muaj semantic thiab stylistic muaj peev xwm ntawm tus hais lus. Piv txwv li: tus neeg saib xyuas yog tus saib xyuas, thiab kev saib xyuas yog txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg zov.
Hauv nws cov qauv, pleonasm (piv txwv kom meej meej qhia qhov no)yog ib qho kev sib tw ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv chav tsev, ua los ntawm kev rov ua qee yam ntawm cov kev qhia qhia (reduplication, tautology) los yog siv cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws (verbosity, synonymic repetition). Nws yog contrasted nrog ib tug contraction ntawm cov ntsiab lus npaj - ib tug ellipsis, ib tug default, los yog ib tug so. Feem ntau pleonasm hu ua reduplication - repetition ntawm ib lo lus los yog morpheme, uas yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm daim ntawv thiab lo lus tsim.
Pleonasm muab faib ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua, ruaj khov tig ntawm kev hais lus, vim yog kev hais lus, thiab xaiv tau, tsis yog vim nws. Nyob rau hauv lem, facultative pleonasms tau muab faib ua pa (xa mus rau tus qauv ntawm cov lus) thiab tsis yog-conventional (tsim spontaneously los ntawm tus hais lus los yog sau ntawv).
Yog peb tham txog lub tswvyim ntawm "yuav tsum tau pleonasm", piv txwv ntawm nws twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub grammatical system. Lawv yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus grammatical hauv qhov xaus:
- daim ntawv cog lus ntawm adjective and noun endings: red house;
- rov ua dua ntawm lub ntsiab lus grammatical ntawm preposition lossis verb prefix: nkag mus hauv chav;
- grammatical lug nrog ob tug negation: tsis muaj leej twg hu.
Cov lus qhia facultative pleonasms suav nrog kev hloov kho tas li thiab cov lus qhia uas feem ntau pom hauv kev hais lus. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, cov lus hais xws li "mus down", "tau hnov nrog kuv lub pob ntseg", "dhau npau suav", "txoj kev-txoj kev" thiab ntau lwm tus. Nquag rau pawg nosuav nrog xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li "full-full", "visibly-invisibly", "darkness-darkness". Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas nrog cov lus qhia ib leeg thiab cov npe tuaj yeem suav nrog ntawm no: "hais lus dab neeg", "kom tu siab", "ua neej nyob".
Unconventional optional pleonasm (piv txwv li: "nco hauv lub taub hau", "hais lus nrog lub qhov ncauj", thiab lwm yam) yog siv los tsim cov nyhuv stylistic. Qhov no yog ib tug trope feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv poetic lus.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas pleonasm tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov lus system thiab tsis tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kos duab, nws siv yog suav tias yog ib tug stylistic yuam kev thiab raug rau txim. Kev nplua nuj ntawm pleonasm yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib tham ntawm tus neeg kawm tsis zoo, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hais lus tsis txaus ntawm kev txhais lus lossis kev txom nyem ntawm cov lus.
