Yog tias koj tab tom npaj mus ncig ua si zoo heev hauv Nepal, kawm txog kab lis kev cai ntawm South Asia lossis nyiam cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, nws tseem ceeb rau koj kom nkag siab tias hom lus Nepali yog dab tsi. Kab lus no luv luv hais txog cov lus nthuav dav no, nthuav tawm nws keeb kwm thiab nthuav qhia qee yam ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb.
Nepal ntawm ib nrais muag
Nepal yog ib lub roob me me nyob rau sab qab teb Asia, nyob nruab nrab ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Tibet Thaj Tsam Thaj Tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas nws yog hu ua "ru tsev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no", vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws me me no muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov roob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lub peaks nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj 8,000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Ntawm lawv yog lub npe nrov Chomolungma, aka Everest.
Ntxiv rau lub sijhawm los kov yeej lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj, lub teb chaws muab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi zoo nkauj thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj ntawm cov kab lis kev cai qub ntau pua xyoo.
Dab tsi yog hom lus hauv Nepal? Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem hnov ntau yam lus: Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu thiab lwm tus, tab sis lub ntsiab lus yog Nepali. Txawm hais tias lus Askiv tau hais dav dav hauv lub xeev,thiab koj yuav tsis poob txawm tias muaj kev paub tsawg tsawg ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab koj tus kheej hauv huab cua ntawm lub xeev thiab nkag mus rau nws cov kab lis kev cai nkaus xwb nrog kev nkag siab ntawm Nepal.
yog dab tsi
Npali yog hom lus tseem ceeb thiab ntau yam lus ntawm Republic of Nepal. Nws kuj tau hais hauv Is Nrias teb, Bhutan thiab Sikkim. Ntxiv rau Nepal, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev tau muab rau Nepal hauv Indian xeev Sikkim thiab hauv cheeb tsam Darjeeling, West Bengal. Cov lus Nepal belongs rau ib pawg ntawm cov lus hauv roob hu ua Pahari, thiab nws los ntawm Indo-Aryan ceg ntawm Indo-European cov lus. Ua tsaug rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm Hindi thiab Sanskrit, muaj ntau qhov sib xws ntawm lawv.
Qee lub sij hawm cov lus Nepali yog yuam kev hu ua Newar. Txawm hais tias Kathmandu tam sim no yog lub peev ntawm lub xeev, keeb kwm nws tau tsim nws cov lus, koom nrog pab pawg Tibeto-Burmese.
Vim muaj ntau haiv neeg uas nyob hauv Nepal, ntau lub npe tuaj yeem hnov hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws:
- gurkhali;
- khas-kura;
- parbia;
- lhotshammikha;
- Sab Hnub Tuaj Pahari, tsuas yog pom hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
Qhov txawv tuaj yeem taug qab tsis yog hauv cov npe xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv nws cov ntsiab lus: Cov lus Nepal muaj ntau hom lus. Qhov ze rau sab hauv ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov ntau complex thiab richer cov lus ua. Nyob sab nraud ntawm Nepal, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ze rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, nws yooj yim heev thiab nkag siab ntau dua rau cov qhua hauv lub tebchaws.
Nyob rau thaum ub rau kev sau ntawvsiv nws tus kheej sau ntawv - bhujimol, tab sis dhau sij hawm nws tau hloov los ntawm Indian tsab ntawv los yog Devanagari ("divine tsab"), kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm Hindi thiab Marathi. Thawj daim ntawv sau keeb kwm ntawm Nepalese hnub rov qab mus rau 1337. Raws li cov lus sau, nws kuj tseem hluas thiab pib nyob rau thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
Morphological nta ntawm Nepali
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus Nepali yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qiv los ntawm Sanskrit. Cov tsiaj ntawv no tsuas muaj 38 tus tsiaj ntawv: 11 lub suab thiab 27 tus lej. Vowels form diphthongs.
Npali cov npe yog poj niam lossis txiv neej thaum nthuav tawm hauv cov lus. Tsis zoo li feem ntau hom lus, hloov cov npe rau cov lej yog xaiv tau thiab feem ntau raug tshem tawm yog tias muaj lwm qhov tshwj xeeb qhia tus lej.
Pronouns, tsis zoo li lub npe, tsis muaj poj niam txiv neej. Nws tseem tsim nyog them nqi rau kev faib cov npe ntawm tus neeg thib peb rau cov neeg nyob ze thiab deb ntawm tus neeg hais lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj peb theem ntawm kev cai rau cov lus Nepalese: qib qis, qib nruab nrab thiab qib siab.
Verbs hauv Nepali hloov los ntawm tus lej, poj niam txiv neej, qib thiab tus neeg, thiab kuj tau sib txuas raws li nruj, subspecies thiab ib qho ntawm tsib lub siab.
Raws li cov npe, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si thiab tsis muaj peev xwm. Ib qho kev nthuav dav yog kev siv dav ntawm poj niam qhov xaus,tau lees paub los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Hindi ntawm cov lus sau.
Yuav pib sib tham
Txawm ib tug neeg uas tsis paub lus Nepal kuj tau hnov lub npe "namaste" tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej. Txhais los ntawm Nepali, cov lus tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias li "Kuv thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv koj", cov lus yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus rau tos txais, farewell, los yog es tsis txhob lo lus nug "Koj nyob li cas?" Namaste yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tso tes ntawm tes, xws li kev thov Vajtswv. Qhov kev taw qhia no zoo ib yam rau Western Europe tuav tes.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho nws cov idiosyncrasies, Nepali yog hom lus yooj yim kawm. Yuav kom qhia koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum hais: "Mero nam Shiva ho" ("Kuv lub npe yog Shiva"). Yog xav paub lub npe ntawm tus interlocutor, tsuas yog nug "Tapaiko peb ke ho?".
Thaum koj tsis nkag siab lossis tsis paub ib yam dab tsi, nug lo lus nug "Yo ke ho?" ("Dab tsi yog?") los yog "Ke bayo?" ("Dab tsi tshwm sim?").
