Strelets revolt ntawm 1698: ua rau, koom

Cov txheej txheem:

Strelets revolt ntawm 1698: ua rau, koom
Strelets revolt ntawm 1698: ua rau, koom
Anonim

Keeb kwm paub ntau yam piv txwv thaum, vim yog kev tawm tsam los ntawm tub rog, cov tebchaws hloov pauv lawv txoj cai txawv tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws. Putschs thiab sim txeeb lub hwj chim, tso siab rau cov tub rog, tau tshwm sim hauv Russia ib yam nkaus. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Streltsy revolt ntawm 1698. Kab lus no mob siab rau nws cov laj thawj, cov neeg koom thiab lawv txoj hmoo yav tom ntej.

archery riot ntawm 1698
archery riot ntawm 1698

Rov qab rau Streltsy ntxeev siab ntawm 1698

Xyoo 1682 Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich tuag tsis muaj menyuam. Qhov feem ntau yuav sib tw rau lub zwm txwv yog nws cov kwv yau - kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo 16-xyoo-laus Ivan thiab 10-xyoo-laus Peter. Ob tug tub huabtais muaj kev txhawb zog rau tus neeg ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze Miloslavsky thiab Naryshkin. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ivan tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nws tus viv ncaus, Ntxhais fuabtais Sophia, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau boyars, thiab Patriarch Joachim xav pom Peter ntawm lub zwm txwv. Lub tom kawg tshaj tawm tus tub huab tais, uas tsis haum Miloslavsky. Tom qab ntawd lawv, nrog Sophia, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, tom qab ntawd hu ua Khovanshchina.

Cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tawm tsam yog poj huab tais Natalia tus kwv tij thiab lwm tus txheeb ze, thiab nws txiv (tus yawg ntawm Peter lub Great) yogforcibly tonsured ib tug hauj sam. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tua hneev xwb los ntawm kev them tag nrho lawv cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm thiab pom zoo tias Petus txiav txim siab nrog nws tus tij laug Ivan, thiab Sophia ua haujlwm ntawm regent kom txog thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog.

Kev tawm tsam ntawm Streltsy revolt ntawm 1698
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Streltsy revolt ntawm 1698

txoj haujlwm ntawm cov archers los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th

Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov laj thawj ntawm Streltsy kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698, ib tus yuav tsum paub txog txoj haujlwm ntawm pawg neeg pabcuam no.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thawj pab tub rog tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws muaj xws li streltsy ko taw units. Cov archers Moscow tau muaj cai tshwj xeeb, uas lub tsev hais plaub cov nom tswv feem ntau tso siab.

Lub peev tus archers tau nyob hauv Zamoskvoretsky thaj chaw thiab tau suav tias yog pawg neeg vam meej. Lawv tsis tsuas yog tau txais cov nyiaj hli zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cai koom nrog kev lag luam thiab khoom siv tes ua, tsis tas yuav ris lawv tus kheej nrog lub npe hu ua lub luag haujlwm hauv nroog.

Azov campaigns

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm Streltsy ntxeev siab ntawm 1698 yuav tsum tau nrhiav hauv cov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim ntau txhiab mais ntawm Moscow ob peb xyoos dhau los. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws regency, Ntxhais fuabtais Sophia ua tsov ua rog tawm tsam lub teb chaws Ottoman, tawm tsam feem ntau ntawm Crimean Tatars. Tom qab nws raug kaw hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, Peter lub Great txiav txim siab mus txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam kom nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Txog rau qhov kawg no, nws tau xa cov tub rog mus rau Azov, suav nrog 12 archery regiments. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Patrick Gordon thiab Franz Lefort, uas ua rau tsis txaus siab ntawm Muscovites. Streltsy ntseeg tias cov tub ceev xwm txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb xa lawv musqhov chaw txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm kab hauv ntej. Rau qee qhov, lawv qhov kev tsis txaus siab tau raug lees paub, txij li Petus cov phooj ywg-hauv-arms tiag tiag tiv thaiv Semenovsky thiab Preobrazhensky cov tub rog, uas yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lub hlwb ntawm tsar.

uas koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698
uas koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698

Kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698: keeb kwm

Tom qab kev ntes ntawm Azov, "Muscovites" tsis raug tso cai rov qab mus rau lub nroog, qhia kom lawv ua haujlwm ua tub rog hauv lub fortress. Tus so ntawm cov archers tau muab lub luag haujlwm los kho cov kev puas tsuaj thiab tsim cov bastions tshiab, nrog rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Turks. Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1697, thaum cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm F. Kolzakov, I. Cherny, A. Chubarov thiab T. Gundertmark tau raug txib kom mus rau Velikie Luki los tiv thaiv Polish-Lithuanian ciam teb. Qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov archers kuj tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis tau them nyiaj hli ntev, thiab kev qhuab qhia yuav tsum nruj dua txhua hnub. Ntau tus kuj tau txhawj xeeb txog kev nyob ib leeg los ntawm lawv tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li cov xov xwm poob siab tuaj ntawm lub nroog. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv hauv tsev tau tshaj tawm tias cov poj niam, menyuam yaus thiab cov niam txiv muaj kev txom nyem, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua khoom siv tes ua yam tsis muaj txiv neej koom, thiab cov nyiaj xa los kuj tsis txaus rau zaub mov.

Ua rau ntawm Streltsy revolt ntawm 1698
Ua rau ntawm Streltsy revolt ntawm 1698

pib ntawm kev tawm tsam

Xyoo 1697, Peter the Great tau tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe nrog Lub Tuam Txhab Loj. Tus tub huabtais hluas tau tsa tub huabtais-Caesar Fyodor Romodanovsky los kav lub tebchaws thaum nws tsis tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1698, 175 archers tuaj txog Moscow, deserting los ntawm units,deployed ntawm Lithuanian ciam teb. Lawv tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau tuaj thov nyiaj hli, vim lawv cov phooj ywg raug kev txom nyem "tsis muaj zaub mov." Qhov kev thov no tau tso cai, uas tau tshaj tawm rau tsar hauv tsab ntawv sau los ntawm Romodanovsky.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov archers tsis maj tawm mus, hais qhov tseeb tias lawv tos txoj kev qhuav. Lawv sim ntiab tawm thiab txawm ntes lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, Muscovites tsis tau ua txhaum rau "lawv tus kheej". Tom qab ntawd cov archers tau tsiv mus nyob hauv Zamoskvoretskaya Sloboda thiab xa cov tub txib mus rau Princess Sophia, raug kaw hauv Novodevichy Convent.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj ntxov, Semyonovsky tub rog, nrog kev pab ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog, tuaj yeem tso cov neeg tawm tsam kom ya mus thiab yuam kom lawv tawm hauv lub nroog.

Ua ntej ntawm Moscow

Cov neeg koom nrog Streltsy kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698, uas tau mus txog lawv cov tub rog, pib tawm tsam thiab ntxias cov phooj ywg mus rau lub peev. Lawv nyeem lawv cov ntawv uas tau liam tias sau los ntawm Sophia thiab tshaj tawm cov lus xaiv tias Peter tau tso tseg Orthodoxy thiab txawm tuag nyob rau txawv tebchaws.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, 4 Streltsy cov tub rog tau pauv los ntawm Velikiye Luki mus rau Toropets. Nyob ntawd lawv tau ntsib los ntawm voivode Mikhail Romodanovsky, uas tau thov kom tshem tawm cov instigators ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov archers tsis kam thiab txiav txim siab mus rau Moscow.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, Petus tau ceeb toom txog kev tawm tsam, thiab nws tau hais kom tawm tsam tam sim nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab. Nyob rau hauv lub nco txog ntawm tus huab tais hluas, thaum yau nco txog yuav ua li cas archers rub mus rau tej daim ntawm nws niam cov txheeb ze ua ntej nws lub qhov muag tshiab, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsis cia leej twg.

Rebelled regiments nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 2200 tus neeg mus txog ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Sawv Rov Los Tshiab Yeluxalees Monastery, nyob rau ntawmntug dej ntawm Istra River, 40 km ntawm Moscow. Tsoom fwv cov tub rog twb tos lawv nyob ntawd.

Streltsy ntxeev siab 1698 cov neeg koom
Streltsy ntxeev siab 1698 cov neeg koom

Sib ntaus

Kev tawm tsam ntawm Streltsy kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698 pib nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tshwm sim rau lub Rau Hli 18.

Tus thawj tswj hwm tsarist, txawm hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tub rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, tau ua ntau qhov kev sim kom xaus qhov teeb meem kom nyob kaj siab lug.

Tshwj xeeb, ob peb teev ua ntej pib kev sib ntaus, Patrick Gordon tau mus rau cov neeg ntxeev siab, sim yaum kom lawv tsis txhob mus rau lub peev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum luv luv pom cov tsev neeg uas lawv tau sib cais tau ntau xyoo.

Tom qab Gordon paub tias txhua yam tsis tuaj yeem daws tau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, nws tau tua phom 25 phom. Tag nrho kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ntev li ib teev, vim hais tias tom qab lub thib peb volley los ntawm cannons, cov rebels surrendered. Yog li xaus qhov kev tawm tsam Streltsy ntawm 1698.

Kev txiav txim siab

Ntxiv rau Gordon, Peter tus thawj coj Alexei Shein, Ivan Koltsov-Mosalsky thiab Anikita Repnin tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam.

Tom qab cov neeg tawm tsam raug ntes, kev tshawb nrhiav tau coj los ntawm Fyodor Romodanovsky. Shein pab nws. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lawv tau koom nrog Peter lub Great, uas rov qab los ntawm Tebchaws Europe.

Txhua tus instigators raug tua. Muaj ib txhia raug vajntxwv txiav lawm.

archery riot ntawm 1698
archery riot ntawm 1698

Tam sim no koj paub tias leej twg tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Streltsy kev tawm tsam ntawm 1698 thiab dab tsi ua rau tsis txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog Moscow.

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