Revolutionary Grigory Petrovsky: biography, achievements, khoom plig thiab nthuav tseeb

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Revolutionary Grigory Petrovsky: biography, achievements, khoom plig thiab nthuav tseeb
Revolutionary Grigory Petrovsky: biography, achievements, khoom plig thiab nthuav tseeb
Anonim

Grigory Petrovsky yog tus thawj coj txawj ntse, tus txhawb nqa ntawm lub tswv yim socialist. Nws tus cwj pwm tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev vam meej, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Nws muaj peev xwm hla dhau kev khiav tawm, tsev loj cuj, kev tsim txom, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem sawv qhov kev sim ntawm kev tswj hwm tag nrho.

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau hnov cov lus ceeb toom ntawm Nikita Khrushchev, kom pom cov kev hloov hauv xeev txoj cai.

Nyob rau cuaj caum xyoo, nws lub xeem yog ib feem ntawm "lub npe nyuaj" ntawm lub nroog, uas tau ntev ua lub cim ntawm lub Soviet era.

Grigory Petrovsky
Grigory Petrovsky

Grigory Petrovsky yug rau 1878-23-01. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Pechenegy, Kharkov xeev, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ib tug tailor. Muaj peb tug menyuam nyob hauv tsev neeg. Nws txiv tuag ntxov, tawm hauv Gregory thaum muaj peb xyoos. Thaum tus tub hluas muaj kaum plaub xyoos, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Yekaterinoslav (tam sim no Dnipro) nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm lub neej zoo dua.

Tus tub hluas kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab me ntsis dhau ob xyoos. Nws raug ntiab tawm vim nws tsis muaj peev xwm them nqi kawm. Tsev neeg tsis muaj tsib rubles los pab. Thaum ntawd tus nyuj raug nqi npaum li cas. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ib nws pibua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib, nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm Bryansk Metallurgical Plant.

Kev hloov pauv ua ntej 1917

Thaum ua haujlwm hauv Yekaterinoslav, Petrovsky koom nrog Union of Struggle. Txij li thaum 1898 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm RSDLP. Xya xyoo tom qab, nws tau raug xaiv tsa tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm hauv lub nroog ntawm Dnieper.

Grigory Petrovsky thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Grigory Petrovsky thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Thaum nws ua haujlwm tawm tsam, Grigory Petrovsky raug kaw peb zaug:

  • in 1900;
  • in 1903;
  • xyoo 1914 nws raug ntes thiab raug txim, tshem tawm txhua txoj cai thiab raug xa mus rau kev txiav txim rau lub neej.

Nws yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm nyob rau hauv exile.

Los ntawm 1912 txog 1914 Petrovsky nyob hauv Duma. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau hais peb caug ob lo lus. Ntawm nws cov lus hais, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv Ukrainian, kev lees paub ntawm Ukrainian lus nyob rau hauv cov chaw tswj hwm, muaj peev xwm ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai thiab cov koom haum kev kawm los ua lawv cov dej num tau tsa.

Txoj kev txuas ntawm tus thawj coj kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv thaj av Turukhansk, thiab txij li xyoo 1916 - hauv Yakutia. Tom qab 1917 kiv puag ncig, nws raug tso tawm.

Kev ua ub ua no tom qab Lub Ob Hlis Revolution

Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich
Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich

Tom qab tso tawm, Grigory Petrovsky tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Yakutia, thiab ob peb lub hlis tom qab nws raug xa los ntawm tog mus rau Donbass.

Txoj haujlwm tuav:

  • tus tswv cuab ntawm RSDLP(b) hauv Yekaterinoslav;
  • Tus tswv cuab ntawm Pre-Parliament;
  • Pib neeg Commissar ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm RSFSR;
  • ibtus tsim ntawm Cheka;
  • koom nrog hauv kev sib tham hauv Brest;
  • kos npe rau cov lus qhia ntawm Red Terror;
  • chaired the All-Ukrainian CEC;
  • sawv cev ntawm Ukrainian SSR tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Cog Lus rau Kev Kawm thoob plaws hauv lub Union;
  • tuav lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Comintern.

Petrovsky tau koom nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov cuab yeej tog uas tau coj mus rau txhua yam los ntawm Moscow. Nws tsis lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim ib lub xeev Ukrainian Soviet cais. Xyoo 1922, nws tau txhawb nqa Stalinist qhov project ntawm kev tsim RSFSR nrog cov koom pheej suav nrog nws ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev ywj pheej. Nws tsis txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm ntawm Skripnik, Rakovsky, Shumsky, uas tau nrhiav los tsim kom muaj lub koom haum koom siab nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees.

Xyoo 1932, Petrovsky raug xa mus rau thaj tsam Donetsk ua tus neeg saib xyuas cov khoom lag luam. Yog vim li cas nws lub npe tshwm nyob rau hauv cov lus nug ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub genocide ntawm Ukrainian neeg. Puas yog nws suav tias yog ib tus neeg ua txhaum ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib lab Ukrainians?

YPetrovsky Grigory Ivanovich thiab Holodomor

Ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev yuav khoom hauv xyoo 1932, Petrovsky pom qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag hauv cov zos ntawm Ukraine. Nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Molotov thiab Stalin, uas nws tshaj tawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab thov kev pab rau lub zos Ukrainian. Nws tsis xav kom neeg tuag, tiam sis tsis ua dab tsi tab sis sau ib tsab ntawv.

Cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no tsis xav ntseeg tias Grigory Petrovsky (Holodomor 1932-1933) tau koom nrog kev tua neeg ntawm Ukrainians. Nws, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thov kom tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv Ukraine.

Txawm li cas los xijtus cwj pwm zoo li no, nws tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Grigory Petrovsky (Holodomor yog lub sijhawm phem tshaj plaws rau nws, nrog rau tag nrho cov neeg Ukrainian) tau dim ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm peb caug xyoo pua nees nkaum. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau raug xaiv los ua ntau txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1938.

Yees in honorary exile

Grigory Petrovsky Holodomor
Grigory Petrovsky Holodomor

Grigory Petrovsky, uas nws biography yog txuam nrog cov creation ntawm lub USSR, raug tshem tawm los ntawm tag nrho cov posts vim connivance rau "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg". Tau ntev nws poob hauj lwm. Stalin ntev xav kom tshem Petrovsky, uas yog mos heev rau nws, tab sis tsis tau twv vim hais tias ntawm txoj cai loj ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm sab hnub tuaj Ukrainian SSR. Nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm txoj haujlwm ua thawj coj tsuas yog hauv xyoo 1938 raws li kev txhawb nqa hauv Moscow. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub peev, nws tsis tuaj yeem daws tau ob xyoos vim Stalin qhov kev txiav txim tsis tau hais. Nws tsev neeg raug yuam kom ciaj sia "ntawm mov ci thiab dej."

Fyodor Samoilov, ib tug khub, pab nws. Nyob rau hauv 1940 nws tso Petrovsky nyob rau hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Ib tug qub phooj ywg ntawm Stalin pib ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj tswj khoom. Nws tswj kom tau txoj haujlwm no vim nws tsis xav tau kev pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj.

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich thiab Holodomor
Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich thiab Holodomor

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stalin, Grigory Petrovsky, uas nws biography txuas nrog Red Terror, rov qab mus rau kev sib raug zoo dua. Nws tham nrog nws cov memoirs nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, tau koom nrog kev sau xov xwm. Nws tau los ua tus qhua ntawm kev hwm ntawmlub npe nrov XX Congress ntawm CPSU, uas debunked "cult ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm Stalin".

Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Tam sim no, nws tseem ua haujlwm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam mus txog thaum nws tuag, uas tshwm sim rau 1958-09-01. Nws tshwm sim hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws cov tshauv tau faus rau hauv phab ntsa Kremlin. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim rau cov me nyuam ntawm ib tug nom tswv uas tau nyob rau hauv Honorary exile txij thaum 1938?

Ib tsev neeg rhuav tshem los ntawm Party

Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky ntsib nws thawj tus poj niam, Dominika Fedorovna, thaum tseem ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas hauv Yekaterinoslav. Nws pab nws los ntawm kev luam ntawv flyers rau T-shirts. Lawv hais tias tib neeg yuav tsum ua haujlwm yim teev, pw yim teev, so yim teev. Lawv nyob mus txog thaum nws tus poj niam tuag, nws tuag thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Cov menyuam yaus ntawm Petrovsky:

  • Leonid - yog ib tug thawj coj tub rog Soviet mus txog thaum nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm pawg neeg ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Nws tuag hauv kev nqis tes ua xyoo 1941.
  • Peter yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb, ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas tawm tsam lub caij ntuj no Palace, nws raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1938, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm NKVD tua nws nyob rau hauv 1941.
  • Antonina - tau sib yuav rau tus tub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian nto moo Yuriy Kotsyubinsky, tom qab ntawd rau tog neeg ua haujlwm Solomon Zager. Ob tug txiv neej raug kev tsim txom nyob rau hauv 1937, nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo Kotsiubinsky tus tub raug tua.

Petrovsky tau sau ntau zaus sau ntawv mus rau cov thawj coj saum toj kawg nkaus txhawm rau cawm nws cov menyuam thiab lawv tsev neeg. Tab sis nws qhov kev thov tsis tau hnov. Cov tub tau rov kho dua tom qab Stalin tuag. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no lawv muaj ntevso hauv av thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob.

Lub Nroog Dnepropetrovsk

Tshaj xyoo dhau los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm txuas nrog Ukrainian SSR, tau txais rau Kev Txiav Txim:

  • Lenin (ob zaug);
  • Red Banner;
  • Labour Red Banner (peb zaug).

Nws lub neej muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub nroog Yekaterinoslav, qhov chaw nws pib ua neej nyob txij thaum yau. Nws nyob ntawm no uas nws txoj haujlwm nom tswv tau pib. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, Petrovsky tuaj rau nws txhua txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Moscow txij thaum 1938, nws muaj peev xwm mus xyuas lub nroog ntawm lub Dnieper nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv 1957.

Nws raug caw tuaj koom lub xya caum xyoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas ris lub npe Petrovsky. Lub sijhawm ntawd, "tag nrho-Ukrainian headman" muaj xya caum cuaj xyoo. Nws hais lus ntawm Ilyich Palace, mus xyuas cov nroj tsuag, tham nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Txij xyoo 1926, lub nroog ntawm nws cov hluas tau hu ua Dnepropetrovsk. Tus statesman nws tus kheej tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev hwm no. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub nyob hauv nroog ntseeg tias lub npe tsis cuam tshuam nrog Petrovsky, tab sis nrog Peter the Great.

Ntxiv rau lub nroog, lwm qhov chaw nyob tau raug hu ua tus nom tswv, nrog rau txoj kev, chaw tsim khoom, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, chaw ua si.

Kev xav ntawm ib tiam

Grigory Petrovsky revolutionary
Grigory Petrovsky revolutionary

Grigory Petrovsky (kuj hloov kho) tau dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev tsis txaus ntseeg yav dhau los. Nws monument nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk (Dnepr) raug pov tseg los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg activists thaum Lub ib hlis ntuj 29, 2016. Lub nroog nws tus kheej tau hloov npe rau lub Tsib Hlis 19, 2016 rau Dnipro. Thaj chaw nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem hloov npe tsis tau,vim hais tias nws lub npe yog enshrined nyob rau hauv lub Constitution ntawm Ukraine.

Nov yog zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas tsis tuaj yeem haum rau hauv kev tswj hwm, hauv kev tsim kho uas nws tau koom nrog ncaj qha. Cov nom tswv tswj kom muaj sia nyob ntawm "ntxuav" ntawm peb caug xyoo, tab sis rau qhov no nws yuav tsum tau them tus nqi siab heev - kom ciaj sia tuag ntawm nws cov tub thiab tus poj niam, poob los ntawm kev nom kev tswv Olympus, nyob rau hauv ib nrab nco qab rau ntau tus neeg. xyoo.

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