Uralsky koog tsev kawm ntawv npog thaj tsam ntawm ntau dua 820 txhiab km2. Nyob rau hauv nws ciam teb yog lub koom pheej ntawm Udmurtia thiab Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg thiab Kurgan cheeb tsam, Komi-Permyatsky Autonomous Okrug. Yekaterinburg suav hais tias yog lub peev ntawm cheeb tsam.
Climate
Lub ntuj tej yam kev mob ntawm Urals hloov ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Qhov no yog vim qhov ntev ntawm lub meridian (piv rau latitude). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw nyab xeeb ntawm tundra thiab taiga, hav zoov sib xyaw, hav zoov-steppe thiab steppe tau hloov pauv. Cov Urals tau muab faib ua Cis-Urals, Trans-Urals thiab Ural Range nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem, Northern, Southern thiab Middle cheeb tsam yog txawv. Feem ntau, kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog continental, tab sis txawv, txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau haiv neeg. Cov huab cua kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj no los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj txawv ntawm -15 txog -20 degrees, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov - los ntawm 15 (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb) mus rau 22 (nyob rau hauv sab qab teb). Autumn thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog txias heev. Lub caij ntuj no ntev, daus yog 140-250 hnub. Lub ntuj tej yam kev mob ntawm thaj chaw yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Eurasia, raws li zoo raws li qhov insignificant qhov siab thiab dav ntawm lub ridges. Zonal kev hloov pauv yog txuam nrognrug deb ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Nws tau raug tsim los tias 150-200 hli ntau nag lossis daus ntog rau sab hnub poob qis dua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Qhov tsis muaj dej noo yog qhov xav tau zoo heev nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm thaj av, qhov twg muaj dej nag tshwm sim ntau zaus. Lub caij no, nws nyob ntawm no tias cov xwm txheej rau kev ua liaj ua teb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam yog dominated los ntawm steppes thiab hav zoov-steppes nrog ib tug nruab nrab huab cua sov. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, cov av npog xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub. Muaj txog 800 swamps nyob rau hauv Perm Territory uas yuav tsum tau tso dej. Lub ntsiab ua liaj ua teb cheeb tsam yog lub hav dej. Ural. Hauv ntu no muaj plowed chernozem steppes.
Peculiarities of economic development
cheeb tsam Ural yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Siberia thiab Kazakhstan, ntawm ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe ntawm lub tebchaws. Qhov chaw no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm thaj chaw. Lub ntuj tej yam kev mob thiab cov peev txheej ntawm Urals ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab kev sib txuas ntawm thaj chaw nyiaj txiag sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, uas muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam tshwj xeeb. Thaj av nyob qib thib ob hauv tebchaws Russia hais txog kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Natural resources ntawm lub Urals
Keeb kwm ntawm Urals pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tseem tsis tau suav tias yog qhov zoo. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, EGP ntawm thaj chaw tau txhim kho zoo heev. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los thiab kev tsim kho txoj kev. Txoj kev loj hla hauv cheeb tsam, uas hla tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rauDej hiav txwv Pacific. Roj thiab cov khoom siv raw yog muab rau Urals los ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj. Cov cheeb tsam sab hnub poob muab cov khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam. Cov peev txheej ntuj ntawm Urals, cov lus uas yuav muab rau hauv qab no, muaj ntau haiv neeg. Kwv yees li 1000 hom mineral raw cov ntaub ntawv, txog 12 txhiab lub pas dej ntawm cov zaub mov tau tshawb pom ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv lub Urals, 48 ntawm 55 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm yog mined, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub teb chaws economic complex. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam muaj deposits ntawm cov roj, rooj thiab potash ntsev, limestone, roj. Cov thee xim av, roj shale thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm no. Lub roob Ural yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv pob zeb muaj nuj nqis, uas tsis yog-ferrous thiab ferrous hlau.
FEC
Cov khoom siv roj av ntawm Ural Federal District tau nthuav tawm ntau yam. Cov roj av yog nyob hauv cheeb tsam Orenburg. thiab Perm Territory, hauv Udmurtia thiab Bashkortostan. Tsis ntev los no, cov pa roj tau tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj tshuaj complex yog Orenburg teb. Nws yog suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Hauv qee qhov chaw, qhib-qhov av mining yog nqa tawm, vim nws nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov reserves ntawm no raw khoom yog me me - txog 4 billion tons. Ntawm no, li ntawm 75% yog xim av thee. Roj natural complexes thiab natural resources ntawm lub Urals muaj nqi zog. Qhov no, tshwj xeeb, siv rau Kizelsky thiab Chelyabinsk deposits ntawm hard thiab xim av thee. Nruab nrabTxawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg, ntau lub bass niaj hnub no tau ua haujlwm ntau, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
hlau ore
Cov peev txheej ntuj no ntawm Urals yog sawv cev los ntawm titanomagnetites, magnetites, siderites, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 15 billion tons ntawm hlau ore tshwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm ntim, thaj chaw yog thib ob tsuas yog rau Central Chernozem cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kheej ntau lawm txaus siab tsuas yog 3/5 ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm thaj chaw. Tam sim no, nplua nuj ores ntawm Magnitogorsk, Tagil-Kushvim thiab lwm lub phiab tau raug ua haujlwm lawm. Niaj hnub no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Bakal thiab Kachkanar pawg ntawm deposits tab tom ua. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau metallurgy yog titanomamagnetites. Lawv tshwm sim hauv pawg Kachkanar ntawm cov phiab. Siderites muaj nyob rau hauv Bakal deposits. Tshwj xeeb chromium-nickel ores tau pom nyob rau hauv pawg Orsk-Khalilovskaya ntawm cov phiab.
Non-ferrous hlau
Cov peev txheej ntuj no ntawm Urals tau nthuav tawm ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov ntau lawm, lub cheeb tsam yog thib ob xwb rau Kazakhstan. Lub ntsiab deposits ntawm tooj liab ore yog nyob rau hauv lub Gaisky, Blyavinsky, Degtyarsky, Kirovgradsky thiab lwm yam phiab. Nickel reserves muaj nyob rau hauv lub Rezhsky, Buruktalsky, Orsky, Ufaleysky phiab. Cov peev txheej ntuj ntawm Urals kuj suav nrog zinc (tooj liab-zinc) ores. Lub Gayskoye deposit twb nrhiav tau tsis ntev los no. Pyrite ores nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm tooj liab tau pom ntawm no. Lawv kuj muaj leej faj (txog 50%), zinc, nyiaj, kub, thiab hlau tsis tshua muaj. tag nrho cov ore,Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Urals, raws li txoj cai, yog multicomponent. Vim li no, lawv cov khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev.
Lwm yam hlau
Loj reserves ntawm bauxite yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub North Urals phiab (nyob rau hauv lub deposits ntawm Sosvinskoye, Krasnaya Shapochka, thiab lwm yam). Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev khaws cia niaj hnub no twb dhau los ntawm kev depletion. Lub cheeb tsam Ural muaj 27% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb deposits ntawm tooj liab thiab ore bauxites, 12% nickel, 58% zinc. Reserve ntawm emeralds, pob zeb diamond alluvial, thiab tsis tshua muaj hlau ores tau pom thiab tab tom tsim.
Sats
Cov khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv raw no tau pom nyob hauv Urals. Ib qho ntawm cov dej ntsev loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, Verkhnekamsky, nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawm thaj teb tau kwv yees li ntawm 172 billion tons. Cov dej ntsev loj loj yog Iletsk thiab Solikamsk.
tsev thiab lwm yam khoom
Cov peev txheej ntuj ntawm Urals kuj sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom loj ntawm quartzite, av nplaum, quartz xuab zeb, magnesites. Muaj cov deposits ntawm asbestos, cement marl, marble, graphite, thiab lwm yam. Lub reserves ntawm ornamental, semi-precious thiab precious pob zeb yog dav paub. Ntawm lawv yog garnet, alexandrite, aquamarine, ruby, topaz, jasper, lapis lazuli, smoky crystal, malachite, emerald. Lub ntsiab ntim ntawm pob zeb diamond reserves nyob rau hauv lub Urals yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Perm Territory nyob rau hauv lub Vishera deposit. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv lub tebchaws hais txog kev tsim khoom tom qab Yakutia.
Nws nyob txog 30 lab hectares (ntau dua 40% ntawm thaj chaw). qhiaconiferous hav zoov - 14 lab hectares. Cov loj loj yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub Urals. Hauv Perm Territory, hav zoov npog txog 68.9% ntawm thaj chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cheeb tsam Orenburg. kwv yees li 4.4% ntawm tsob ntoo cog ntoo tam sim no. Sab hnub poob ntawm txoj kab nqes yog them los ntawm spruces thiab firs, sab hnub tuaj txoj kab nqes yog them los ntawm pines. Tag nrho cov ntoo cia yog kwv yees li ntawm 4.1 billion tons, xws li larch, fir, ntoo thuv thiab spruce yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nqis. Cov tuam txhab ua lag luam tsim tawm txog 14% ntawm cov khoom lag luam raw khoom, 17% ntawm cov ntoo sawn thiab kwv yees li 16% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv hauv lub tebchaws. Cov khoom lag luam yog tsim los rau cov kev xav tau sab hauv. Cov lag luam nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam.
Northern Territories
Cov peev txheej ntuj ntawm lub ncov qaum teb Urals yog sawv cev los ntawm cov zaub mov, hlau ore. Corundum, turquoise, ferrimolybdite, clinozoisite, rhodochrosite, thiab lwm yam tau pom ntawm no, cov ntim ntawm hlau ore yog kwv yees li ntawm lab tons. Muaj cov deposits ntawm manganese, bentonites, tooj liab, chromium, thiab tsawg ntiaj teb hlau. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov basins nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub Urals ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv cheeb tsam. Xyoo 2005-2006 cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, thaum lub sijhawm kwv yees thiab yav tom ntej bass raug txheeb xyuas. Kev rho tawm ntawm manganese, hlau, chromium ore tau npaj. Qhov kwv yees ntim ntawm tom kawg yog ntau dua 300 lab tons. Nws xav tias yuav nce cov thee mining los ntawm 50% los ntawm 2020. Qhov no yuav pab txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub xeev. Tsis tas li ntawd, mining ntawm xws li cov zaub mov xws li kub, tungsten, phosphorites, lead, zinc, uranium, molybdenum, bauxite, tantalum,niobium, platinoids.
Natural resources ntawm lub Urals
Cov lus hauv qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab zoo dua tias thaj av no muaj dab tsi. Nws muaj cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cia nyob hauv cheeb tsam.
| Resources | chaw loj |
| Sats | Solikamskoe, Iletskoe, Verkhnekamskoe deposits |
| Perm Territory | |
| tooj liab ores | Gaiskoye, Blyavinskoye, Degtyarskoye, Kirovgradskoye thiab lwm yam kev tso nyiaj |
| pob zeb diamond | Vishera pool |
| Bauxites | Severouralskoye teb |
| Nickel | Rezhsky, Buruktalsky, Orsky, Ufaleysky ntses bass thaj tsam. |
| Pyrite ores | Gaiskoe field |
| Hard and brown coal | Kizel thiab Chelyabinsk basses. |
| Oil | Perm cheeb tsam. thiab cheeb tsam Orenburg, Udmurtia, Bashkortostan |
dej reserves
Cov dej sib txuas ntawm thaj av yog thaj av ntawm Caspian (Ural thiab Kama dej) thiab Kara (tus dej Tobol) hiav txwv. Nws tag nrho ntev yog ntau tshaj 260 txhiab km. Kwv yees li 70 txhiab tus dej ntws hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tus dej phwj Cams suav nrog 53.4txhiab, r. Tobol - 10.86 txhiab. Raws li rau hauv av, lawv cov nqi tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm units. cheeb tsam – 115 m/day/km2, per capita – 5 m/day/ person. Lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub roob toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub Urals. Lawv nyob ntau dua 30% ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam thiab suav nrog 39.1% ntawm tag nrho cov dej hauv av. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov reserves yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev vam khom ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm cov qauv, hydrogeological, thiab lithological yam. Cis-Urals suav hais tias yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog dej ntau dua li Trans-Urals. Qhov xwm txheej no yog txiav txim los ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Roob kab ntxiab huab cua noo los ntawm Atlantic. Raws li, cov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov dej ntws hauv av tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.
