Ethylene yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov organic tebchaw hu ua alkenes. Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj xim tsis muaj nplaim taws nrog lub suab qab zib thiab tsis hnov tsw. Cov peev txheej ntuj muaj xws li cov roj ntsha thiab roj, nws kuj yog ib qho tshuaj hormones hauv cov nroj tsuag uas nws inhibits kev loj hlob thiab txhawb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening. Kev siv ethylene yog ib txwm muaj hauv kev lag luam organic chemistry. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cua sov natural gas, melting point yog 169.4 ° C, boiling point yog 103.9 ° C.
Ethylene: cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom
Hydrocarbons yog cov molecules uas muaj hydrogen thiab carbon. Lawv txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm ib leeg thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov qauv kev taw qhia ntawm txhua feem. Ib qho ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis lom zem thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hydrocarbons yog ethylene. Nws yog nkag rau hauv daim ntawv gaseous, tsis muaj xim thiab flammable. Nws muaj ob qhov sib koom ua ke carbon atoms nrog hydrogen atoms. Cov tshuaj formula yog C2H4. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov molecule yog linear vim muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Ethylene muaj ib tug qab zib musky tsw uas ua rau nws yooj yim mus ua.txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv huab cua. Qhov no siv tau rau cov pa roj hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab: cov ntxhiab tsw yuav ploj thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj.
Ethylene daim ntawv thov tswv yim
Ethylene yog siv nyob rau hauv ob pawg tseem ceeb: raws li ib tug monomer los ntawm cov loj carbon chains yog tsim, thiab raws li ib tug pib khoom rau lwm yam ob-carbon compounds. Polymerizations yog rov ua ke ntawm ntau me me ethylene molecules rau hauv cov loj. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev siv rau ethylene yog ntau heev. Polyethylene yog ib qho polymer uas siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau hauv kev ntim cov yeeb yaj kiab, xaim txheej thiab lub raj mis yas. Lwm qhov kev siv ethylene ua ib lub monomer txhawj xeeb txog kev tsim cov kab α-olefins. Ethylene yog cov khoom siv pib rau kev npaj ntawm ob-carbon tebchaw, xws li ethanol (tshuaj cawv), ethylene oxide (antifreeze, polyester fibers thiab films), acetaldehyde thiab vinyl chloride. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj no, ethylene nrog benzene cov ntaub ntawv ethylbenzene, uas yog siv los tsim cov yas thiab hluavtaws roj hmab. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yog ib qho yooj yim hydrocarbons. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom ntawm ethylene ua rau nws lom neeg thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb.
siv lag luam
Cov khoom ntawm ethylene muab lub hauv paus lag luam zoo rau ntau cov organic (muaj carbon thiab hydrogen) cov ntaub ntawv. Ib leeg ethylene molecules tuaj yeem ua taukoom ua ke los ua polyethylene (uas txhais tau tias ntau ethylene molecules). Polyethylene yog siv los ua cov yas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas yog cov tshuaj siv los txo kev sib txhuam. Kev siv ethylene kom tau txais styrenes yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov roj hmab thiab kev tiv thaiv ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv hauv kev lag luam khau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khau kis las, nrog rau kev tsim cov log tsheb. Kev siv ethylene yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, thiab cov roj nws tus kheej yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hydrocarbons ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
He alth hazard
Ethylene yog ib qho kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau vim nws yog nplaim taws thiab tawg. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li cov tshuaj uas tsis tshua muaj siab, ua rau xeev siab, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv ntau dua concentrations, nws ua raws li ib tug tshuaj loog, ua rau tsis nco qab, insensitivity rau qhov mob thiab lwm yam stimuli. Tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv thawj qhov chaw rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog roj. Tus nqi ntawm ethylene uas tib neeg feem ntau ntsib hauv lawv lub neej niaj hnub feem ntau yog me me.
YEthylene cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
1) Oxidation. Qhov no yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm oxygen, piv txwv li, hauv oxidation ntawm ethylene rau ethylene oxide. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauvnyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ethylene glycol (1, 2-ethanediol), uas yog siv raws li ib tug antifreeze kua thiab nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov polyesters los ntawm condensation polymerization.
2) Halogenation - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ethylene ntawm fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine.
3) Chlorination ntawm ethylene li 1,2-dichloroethane thiab tom qab hloov pauv ntawm 1,2-dichloroethane rau vinyl chloride monomer. 1,2-Dichloroethane yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm vinyl chloride.
4) Alkylation - qhov sib ntxiv ntawm hydrocarbons rau ob daim ntawv cog lus, piv txwv li, kev sib txuas ntawm ethylbenzene los ntawm ethylene thiab benzene, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau styrene. Ethylbenzene yog ib qho nruab nrab rau kev tsim cov styrene, ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv vinyl monomers. Styrene yog monomer siv los ua polystyrene.
5) Kev sib xyaw ntawm ethylene. Cov roj yog tau los ntawm cua sov ethyl cawv thiab concentrated sulfuric acid.
6) Dej yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej ntxiv rau ob daim ntawv cog lus. Kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ethylene rau ethanol.
YEthylene thiab combustion
Ethylene yog cov roj tsis muaj xim uas tsis zoo rau hauv dej. Lub combustion ntawm ethylene nyob rau hauv huab cua yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim carbon dioxide thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cov roj hlawv nrog lub teeb diffusion nplaim. Sib xyaw nrog me me ntawm huab cua, nws muab cov nplaim hluav taws uas muaj peb txheej txheej - cov tub ntxhais sab hauv - cov pa roj uas tsis tau hlawv, ib txheej xiav-ntsuab thiab lub khob sab nraud uas cov khoom oxidized ib nrab.los ntawm premixed txheej hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug diffusion nplaim. Cov nplaim taws uas tshwm sim qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tawm tsam, thiab raws li huab cua ntau ntxiv rau cov roj sib tov, cov txheej txheem diffusion maj mam ploj mus.
Cov Lus Tseeb Tseem Ceeb
1) Ethylene yog cov tshuaj cog qoob loo, nws cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev laus ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
2) Cov roj tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg hauv ib qho concentration (100-150 mg).
3) Nws yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug kho mob.
4) Ethylene qeeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
5) Cov yam ntxwv zoo yog kev nkag mus zoo los ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau, xws li cov thawv ntim khoom, ntoo thiab cov phab ntsa pob zeb.
6) Thaum nws muaj nuj nqis rau nws lub peev xwm los pib cov txheej txheem ripening, nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, paj thiab nroj tsuag, ua kom cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab txo cov khoom zoo thiab txee lub neej. Lub degree ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob ntawm qhov concentration, lub sij hawm ntawm raug thiab kub.
7) Ethylene yog tawg ntawm cov concentrations siab.
8) Ethylene yog siv los tsim cov iav tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam tsheb.
9) Kev tsim cov qauv hlau: Cov roj siv los ua cov roj oxy-roj rau hlau txiav, vuam thiab kev kub ceev thermal txau.
10) Refining: Ethylene yog sivRaws li cov tub yees, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv LNG nroj tsuag.
11) Raws li tau hais ua ntej, ethylene yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj zog heev, ntxiv rau, nws kuj yog nplaim taws heev. Rau kev nyab xeeb, nws feem ntau yog thauj los ntawm cov kav dej tshwj xeeb cais.
12) Ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau tsim ncaj qha los ntawm ethylene yog yas.
