"Qhia… Ntau npaum li cas hauv lub suab no …" - cia peb rov hais dua cov lus zoo ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Tej zaum tsis muaj lwm yam morphological hauv peb cov lus muaj ntau txoj cai thiab kev zam rau lawv. Txoj cai hais txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia thiab kev xaiv ntawm tsab ntawv xav tau hauv qhov kawg (inflection) yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj. Daim ntawv thiab conjugation ntawm verbs - cov ncauj lus no yog kab tias muaj coob tus ntawm cov tshooj lus devoted rau ib feem ntawm kev hais lus.
Aspect qeb thiab conjugation qeb ntawm verb
Cov pawg morphological tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb thiab lub sij hawm yog pawg inflectional, vim peb tuaj yeem hloov tau tib lo lus, muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lwm tus lej lossis sijhawm. Tab sis daim ntawv thiab conjugation ntawm verbs yog cov uas tsis yog-inflective pawg, cov no yog tas li hais lus morphological nta. Yog hais tias cov lus qhia muaj thawj conjugation, ces txawm peb hloov lo lus li cas, nws yuav nyob twj ywm thawj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov zoo ntawm ib lo lus. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov npe ua ntej, yog li hloov nws mus rau lwm qhov, cuam tshuam rau lwm tussiab.
Dab tsi yog qhov nam thiab conjugation ntawm ib qho lus qhia? Saib hauv qab no.
daim ntawv ntawm kev qhia yog dab tsi?
Qhov nam ntawm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua tau zoo (CB) (los ntawm txoj kev peb nug lo lus nug "yuav ua li cas?") thiab tsis zoo (NSV) (yuav ua li cas?), uas yog, qhov kev txiav txim yog ib qho ua tiav thiab muaj qhov tshwm sim, lossis tab tom ua tiav.
Feem ntau, daim ntawv zoo meej yog tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej lossis kev hloov pauv hauv cov lus tom qab. khawb (ua dab tsi? NSV) - khawb tawm (ua dab tsi? SV); txiav (yuav ua li cas? NSV) - txiav (yuav ua li cas? ST).
Cov lus qhia ntawm ob hom tuaj yeem hloov pawg ntawm tus lej thiab tus neeg, ua lwm yam lus - sib txuas. Dab tsi tuaj yeem yog qhov xaus ntawm conjugations ntawm cov lus qhia thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntawv zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia - nyeem txog qhov no tom qab.
Vim li cas thiaj paub qhov sib txuas?
Qhov no tseem ceeb heev, vim qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov tseeb tus kheej xaus (inflection) ntawm lo lus nyob ntawm nws.
Thaum hloov ntawm tus neeg thiab tus lej, tag nrho cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus Lavxias tuaj yeem muaj ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xaus - ib qho kev sib txuas lossis lwm qhov. Hauv lwm lo lus, paub txog kev sib txuas, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov lus qhia kom raug thiab tsis ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv nws cov inflections.
Cov lus qhia muaj pes tsawg leeg?
Cov lus qhia dab tsi muaj nyob hauv Lavxias thiab pes tsawg tus ntawm lawv? Lavxias teb sab verb muaj ob: thawj thiab thib ob. Tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ob peb lo lus tshwj tsis yog conjugated raws li lawv yuav tsum tau, tsis raws li txoj cai.
Ntxiv rau, muaj cov lus hu ua heterogeneous verbs - cov nocov lus uas hloov txawv dua li cov lus ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus.
Cia peb nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov tseeb conjugation ntawm ib qho lus qhia, thiab, raws li, xaiv qhov kawg ntawm tus kheej.
1 lossis 2?
Yog li, cov saw ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib txuas yog raws li hauv qab no.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum saib qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia: nws puas ntxhov siab? Yog tias muaj, ces tsis muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub conjugation yog txiav txim precisely los ntawm inflection. Verbs ntawm 1st conjugation yuav muaj cov tsiaj ntawv E / E, U / Yu nyob rau hauv nws. Wb muab piv txwv (nrog mark inflection): by [S] song, by [YOM] song, by [YOSH] song, by [YOTYO] song, by [YOT] song, by [YUT] song. Qhov xaus yog kev ntxhov siab, tsab ntawv tau hnov meej meej, uas txhais tau hais tias peb paub txog kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj hesitation - nws yog thawj. Verbs ntawm 2nd conjugation muaj cov ntawv I, A / Z thaum kawg. Tham [Y] ruam, tham [IT] ruam, tham [SH] ruam, tham [IT] ruam, tham [IT] ruam, tham [IT] ruam
Koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov lus qhia nrog lub npe koj-. Nws tuaj yeem "txim" kev ntxhov siab rau nws tus kheej thiab dag ntxias. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov lus qhia nrog cov lus hais ua ntej muaj kev ntxhov siab, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ntawm lub hlwb, thiab kev ntxhov siab yuav poob rau hauv qhov chaw. YUS-xyoo [SHOW] - xyoo [SHOW], khiav tawm [SHOW] - khiav [SHOW].
2. Yog tias qhov xaus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, ces qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum raug lees paub los ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb (nco tias qhov no yog lub npe tshawb fawb ntxiv rau thawj daim ntawv (NF) ntawm qhov lus qhia). Verbs ntawm 2nd conjugation kawg hauv NF nrog -i-t (tshwj tsis yog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, uas peb yuav tham hauv qab no). Tsim - Kuv ua [Yu], pebtsim [IM], koj tsim [ISH], koj tsim [IT], nws ua [IT], lawv ua [YAT]. Verbs ntawm 1st conjugation nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no xaus nyob rau hauv lwm yam ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog E / t, A / t, O / t, U / t, Y / t, / TI, / CH thiab txhua yam ntawm lwm tus (tshwj tsis yog cov lus zam, uas kuj tau tham hauv qab no). Disassemble - Kuv disassemble [Y], peb disassembles [EAT], koj disassemble [EAT], koj disassemble [ETE], nws disassembles [ET], lawv disassemble [UT].
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev nkag siab lub ntsiab lus no tsis yog qhov nyuaj: tsuas yog saib qhov chaw ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv ib lo lus, muab tso rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv yog tias tsim nyog, thiab tseem kawm cov txheej txheem xaus rau ib qho kev sib txuas..
Kev zam rau txoj cai
Peb txuas ntxiv kev sib tham txog daim ntawv thiab conjugation ntawm verbs. Yog hais tias cov tsiaj yog ib tug yooj yim grammatical qeb, thiab nws yuav txiav txim tau nyob rau hauv ib tug thib ob, lub conjugation kuj muaj "pitfalls" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus zam. Los ntawm thawj conjugation, kev zam yog verbs paub rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv: endure-e-be (kev ua txhaum), resent-e-be (phooj ywg), tig-e-be (hauv tes), ntxub-e-be (nrog rau tag nrho kuv lub plawv), nyob-e-t (ntawm qhov xwm txheej), saib-e-t (rau sab), pom-e-t (nws), thiab kuj hnov-t-t (suab), t-t-t (nyuj), ua pa -a-be (los ntawm huab cua), keep-a-be (nrog koj). Cov lus no, txawm hais tias lawv xaus rau hauv -e-th, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntsej muag tau qhov kawg ntawm qhov thib ob conjugation: hover [U], dai [IM], dai [ISH], dai [ITE], dai [IT], dai [YAT]; tuav[U], tuav[IM], tuav[SHOW], tuav[ITE], tuav[IT], tuav[AT]. Cov lus qhia no kuj yog rau qhov thib ob conjugation.
Los ntawm qhov thib ob conjugation ntawm qhov kev zam - cov no yog cov lus br-i-t (hwj chim),stele-and-t (tablecloth), nrog rau cov lus qhia uas siv tsis tau "zizhd-and-tsya", tab sis txij li nws yuav luag tsis tau siv hauv cov lus niaj hnub no, kev mloog tsis yog tsom rau nws hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia. Cov lus qhia no suav nrog thawj qhov sib txuas, txij li thaum lawv hloov pauv hauv tib neeg thiab tus lej, lawv coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws. Kuv st[U], peb st[EAT], koj st[EAT], koj st[ET], nws st[ET], lawv st[UT].
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kawm cov lus qhia no kom tsis txhob yuam kev thaum sau ntawv. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm grammatical yuam kev yog txuam nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
Different conjugated verbs
Nco ntsoov tias cov lus qhia uas siv ntau hom kev xaus ntawm tus kheej ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas lossis lwm qhov yog hu ua heteroconjugated. Muaj ob lo lus ua lus Lavxias - "yuav tsum" thiab "khiav". Judging los ntawm thawj daim ntawv, lawv yuav tsum xa mus rau thawj conjugation. Tab sis cia saib seb lawv coj li cas thaum hloov ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tus lej.
Hot: Kuv xav [U] ua si, peb xav [IM] ua si, koj xav [KEV] ua si, koj xav [IT] ua si, nws xav [ET] ua si, lawv xav [YAT] ua si. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv cov lus qhia no muaj qhov xaus ntawm thawj qhov sib txuas, thiab hauv ntau qhov ntau - qhov thib ob.
Run: Kuv khiav [U] ntawm txoj kev, peb khiav [IT] ntawm txoj kev, koj khiav [Seem] ntawm txoj kev, koj khiav [IT] ntawm txoj kev, nws khiav [IT] ntawm txoj kev txoj kev, lawv khiav [ut] txoj kev. Cov lus qhia no coj tus cwj pwm zoo li qhov kev sib txuas lus thib ob nkaus xwb hauv daim ntawv thib peb tus neeg plural, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv nws muaj thawj conjugation xaus.
Yog vim li cas cov lus no hu ua conjugated verbs. Lawv qhov xaus yuav tsum tau cim.
Russian conjugation table
Yog li, peb pom tias vim li cas koj yuav tsum paub qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia, yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab nws, cov lus twg yog thawj thiab qhov twg rau qhov thib ob conjugation, thiab dab tsi yog cov lus zam ntawm txoj cai no.
Cia peb sau tag nrho cov lus saum toj no hauv lub rooj, xav txog nws cov lus qhia uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab rau tus kheej.
| 1 conjugation | 2 kev sib txuas | |
| Yuav xaus li cas hauv daim ntawv pib | i-t (nag) | |
| Tus kheej xaus | -u/-yu, -eat, -eat, -eat, -et, -ut/-ut | -u/-yu, -im, -ish, -it, -it, -at/-yat |
| Kev zam | Br-and-t (moustaches), stele-and-t (cov ntaub pua plag) - xa mus rau 1 lo lus nug | |
| Examples | pab-a-t, ib nrab-o-t, pl-s-t, nqa, ci, thiab lwm yam. | drank-and-t, rauj-thiab-t, thov-thiab-be, subdue-and-t, liam-thiab-t, unscrew-t-t, piav qhia-t-t, impress-t -th thiab lwm yam. |
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub rooj no yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog tom qab ua kom paub tseeb tias tus kheej qhov xaus ntawm cov lus qhia tsis ntxhov siab, thiab kujua tib zoo saib ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm koj-.
Summarize
Yog li peb xav paub seb daim ntawv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia yog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab lawv thiab vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau paub zoo hauv cov pawg morphological no. Cov lus xaus tuaj yeem kos tau li cas?
Txhim kho hom lus qhia, nws txaus los nug ib qho ntawm ob nqe lus nug rau nws: yuav ua li cas? los yog yuav ua li cas? Hauv thawj kis, qhov kev pom yuav tsis zoo tag nrho, thiab hauv qhov thib ob, nws yuav zoo tag nrho.
txhawm rau xam qhov sib txuas, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab seb qhov kev ntxhov siab poob rau qhov xaus ntawm tus kheej daim ntawv. Yog hais tias muaj, ces qhov conjugation yog txiav txim los ntawm nws. Yog tias tsis yog, muab cov lus qhia hauv NF.
Raws li NF, qhov kawg ntawm kev sib txuas yog txiav txim siab hauv txoj hauv kev yooj yim: koj yuav tsum pom tias cov lus qhia dab tsi hauv qhov tsis paub xaus nrog, thiab raws li txoj cai, txiav txim siab qhov sib txuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua tib zoo saib seb qhov lus qhia no yog ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai. Kev zam yuav tsum tau kawm thiab paub los ntawm lub siab!
Qhov no yog tag nrho txoj cai piav qhia seb daim ntawv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm peb cov lus yog dab tsi. Peb cia siab tias tsab xov xwm tau muab los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam yuam kev thaum sau ntawv. Ua ntawv nyeem!
