Nyob rau hauv kab lus no peb yuav ua tib zoo saib ntawm aerobic glycolysis, nws cov txheej txheem, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov theem thiab cov kauj ruam. Cia peb paub txog anaerobic oxidation ntawm qabzib, kawm txog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab txiav txim siab nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha.
YDab tsi yog glycolysis
Glycolysis yog ib qho ntawm peb hom oxidation qabzib, uas cov txheej txheem oxidation nws tus kheej yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog, uas yog khaws cia hauv NADH thiab ATP. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis, ob lub molecules ntawm pyruvic acid tau txais los ntawm cov piam thaj molecule.
Glycolysis yog ib txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam lom catalysts - enzymes. Lub ntsiab oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev yog oxygen - O 2, txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis tuaj yeem ua rau nws tsis tuaj. Hom glycolysis no hu ua anaerobic glycolysis.
txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis thaum tsis muaj oxygen
Anaerobic glycolysis yog txheej txheem qib ntawm cov piam thaj oxidation uas cov piam thaj tsis yog oxidized tag. Ib tug molecule ntawm pyruvic acid yog tsim. Thiab nrog lub zogtaw tes ntawm view, glycolysis yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm oxygen (anaerobic) yog tsawg pab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov pa nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, cov txheej txheem anaerobic oxidation tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv aerobic thiab ua tiav hauv daim ntawv.
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Mechanisms ntawm glycolysis
Cov txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis yog decomposition ntawm 6-carbon qabzib rau hauv peb-carbon pyruvate hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob lub molecules. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua 5 theem ntawm kev npaj thiab 5 theem uas lub zog khaws cia hauv ATP.
Glycolysis txheej txheem ntawm 2 kauj ruam thiab 10 kauj ruam yog raws li hauv qab no:
- 1 theem, theem 1 - phosphorylation ntawm qabzib. Ntawm cov carbon thib rau hauv qabzib, saccharide nws tus kheej yog qhib los ntawm phosphorylation.
- Kauj Ruam 2 - isomerization ntawm qabzib-6-phosphate. Nyob rau theem no, phosphoglucoseimerase catalytically hloov cov piam thaj rau hauv fructose-6-phosphate.
- Qib 3 - Fructose-6-phosphate thiab nws cov phosphorylation. Cov kauj ruam no yog tsim los ntawm fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) los ntawm kev ua ntawm phosphofructokinase-1, uas nrog cov phosphoryl pawg los ntawm adenosine triphosphoric acid mus rau fructose molecule.
- Kauj Ruam 4 yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm aldolase los ua ob lub molecules ntawm triose phosphate, uas yog eldose thiab ketose.
- Qib 5 - triose phosphates thiab lawv isomerization. Nyob rau theem no, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate raug xa mus rau cov theem tom ntej ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov piam thaj, thiab dihydroxyacetone phosphate hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov enzyme.
- 2 theem, theem 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate thiab nws cov oxidation - theem uas cov molecule no oxidized thiab phosphorylated raudiphosphoglycerate-1, 3.
- Qib 7 (2) - tsom rau kev hloov pauv pawg phosphate rau ADP los ntawm 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog tsim ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate thiab ATP.
- Kauj Ruam 8 (3) - hloov ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate mus rau 2-phosphoglycerate. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev khiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog muaj magnesium (Mg).
- Kauj Ruam 9 (4) - 2 phosphoglycerta dehydrated.
- Stage 10 (5) - phosphates tau los ntawm cov theem dhau los raug xa mus rau ADP thiab PEP. Lub zog ntawm phosphoenulpyrovate yog pauv mus rau ADP. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj cov poov tshuaj (K) thiab magnesium (Mg) ions.
Hloov cov ntawv ntawm glycolysis
Cov txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis tuaj yeem nrog kev tsim khoom ntxiv ntawm 1, 3 thiab 2, 3-biphosphoglycerates. 2,3-phosphoglycerate, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lom catalysts, muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau glycolysis thiab dhau mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes no muaj ntau haiv neeg, piv txwv li, 2, 3-biphosphoglycerate, nyob rau hauv hemoglobin, ua rau oxygen nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, txhawb kev sib cais thiab txo qis kev sib raug zoo ntawm O2 thiab erythrocytes.
Ntau tus kab mob hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm glycolysis ntawm ntau theem, txo lawv cov lej tag nrho lossis hloov kho lawv raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov enzymes sib txawv. Ib feem me me ntawm anaerobes muaj lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm carbohydrate decomposition. Ntau tus thermophiles tsuas muaj 2 glycolysis enzymes nkaus xwb, cov no yog enolase thiab pyruvate kinase.
Glycogen thiab starch, disaccharides thiabLwm hom monosaccharides
Aerobic glycolysis yog txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv lwm hom carbohydrates, thiab tshwj xeeb yog nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, glycogen, feem ntau disaccharides (manose, galactose, fructose, sucrose thiab lwm yam). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua hom carbohydrates feem ntau yog tsom rau kom tau txais lub zog, tab sis yuav txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj, kev siv, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, glycogen qiv nws tus kheej rau glycogenesis, uas qhov tseeb yog phospholytic mechanism tsom kom tau txais lub zog los ntawm lub zog. kev puas tsuaj ntawm glycogen. Glycogen nws tus kheej tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub cev ua lub zog cia. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov piam thaj tau txais thaum noj mov, tab sis tsis nqus los ntawm lub hlwb, khaws cia hauv daim siab thiab yuav siv tau thaum tsis muaj piam thaj hauv lub cev txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus neeg los ntawm kev cuam tshuam loj hauv homeostasis.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm glycolysis
Glycolysis yog ib qho tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsis yog tib hom qabzib oxidation hauv lub cev, cell ntawm ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Glycolysis enzymes yog dej soluble. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv glycolysis hauv qee cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb tsuas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv txoj kev no, piv txwv li, hauv lub hlwb thiab lub siab nephron cells. Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm oxidizing qabzib hauv cov kabmob no tsis siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm glycolysis tsis zoo ib yam txhua qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg adipose thiab lub siab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm digestion extract lub tsim nyog substrates ntawm qabzib rau synthesis ntawm rog. Ntau cov nroj tsuag siv glycolysis ua ib txoj hauv kev los rho tawm lawv lub zog ntau.
