Lub xeev cov lus ntawm Tajikistan yog Tajik. Linguists xa nws mus rau Iranian pab pawg ntawm Indo-European lus. Tag nrho cov neeg hais lus nws yog kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 8.5 lab. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog nws cov xwm txheej tsis tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig cov lus Tajik rau ib puas xyoo: nws puas yog hom lus lossis haiv neeg ntawm Persian? Tau kawg, qhov teeb meem yog kev nom kev tswv.
Nug txog kev ua tswv ntawm cov lus Tajik
Kev tsim cov lus Tajik pib thaum lub sijhawm kev kav tebchaws Soviet. Tus neeg pej xeem, tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Sadriddin Aini tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv nws txoj kev ywj pheej thiab tshuaj xyuas nws qhov sib txawv ntawm Persian thiab Dari.
Hnub no, hauv Central Asia, muaj kev txuas ntxiv Persian tshiab uas tau kis los ntawm Iran mus rau Afghan-Pakistani ciam teb. Nws yog ib txoj kev cai hu mus txuas ntxiv rau txhua haiv neeg uas muaj peev xwm nkag siab tau ib leeg thiab hais lus ntawm ib tsev neeg. Nws tau raug tsim los hais tias Tajik thiab Persian hais lusCov neeg nyob hauv Afghanistan thiab Iran tseem tsis tau poob lub sijhawm los nkag siab ib leeg.
lus nug lus nom tswv
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej hom lus hauv Tajikistan yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj cai nquag los tsim cov cim hauv tebchaws uas tuaj yeem tawm tsam txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia, Circassian ethnos tau muab faib ua ob peb haiv neeg, txhua tus muaj nws cov lus thiab lub teb chaws koom pheej. Feem ntau ntau haiv neeg sib txawv nyob hauv ib lub tebchaws, uas, raws li cov tub ceev xwm, tiv thaiv kev xav centrifugal.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv Central Asia cov ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws tshiab tau raug coj los ua ib qho zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj tus kheej ntawm cov neeg ntawm Tajikistan, txawv ntawm cov neeg Persian hais lus nyob hauv Afghanistan thiab Iranians, ib hom lus cais tau tsim nrog nws tus kheej tsab ntawv thiab cov lus.
Txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Iranian cov lus, cov neeg txhais lus Tajik tuaj yeem nkag siab cov neeg hais lus Dari, thiab qee zaum cov neeg hais lus Farsi.
History of language
Qhov tseeb, lo lus "Tajik lus" tau siv rau hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Txog thaum ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov dav dav ntawm Central Asia, lo lus "Farsi", uas yog, Persian, tau siv tshwj xeeb los qhia txog cov lus Askiv nkag siab los ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv yav dhau los Bactria thiab Sogdiana.
Cov lus uas muaj nyob hauv thaj chawCentral Asia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, taug qab nws cov caj ces mus rau Middle Persian Koine, uas tau ua tus lingua franca rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog ntawm Persian Empire thiab nws cov xeev nyob sib ze, pib nrog Vlll.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 10, Islam tau pib nthuav dav thoob plaws Asia, thiab cov lus Persian Tshiab, Dari, tau los ua hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhuab qhia Islamic rau ntau pua xyoo. Nws hloov lub Sogdian thiab Bactrian, cov relics uas tau muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb roob ntawm Pamirs. Yog li, cov lus niaj hnub no ntawm Tajikistan yog tus txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov lus Persian Tshiab, uas tau coj kev ntseeg tshiab thiab kev paub txog Islam rau Central Asia.
Kev hais lus
Tau paub tias hom lus twg hais hauv Tajikistan, cia peb tig mus rau cov xeev nyob sib ze, vim lawv kuj muaj cov neeg hais lus Persian. Ntxiv rau Tajikistan, Tajik kuj tau hais nyob rau ntau thaj tsam sab hauv ntawm Uzbekistan thiab Kyrgyzstan. Tab sis, txawm hais tias muaj coob tus neeg hais cov lus no, nws tsis yog official nyob rau hauv lwm lub koom pheej ntawm Central Asia. Muaj tseeb tiag, muaj cov chaw kawm loj hauv Bukhara thiab Samarkand uas qhia thiab qhia Tajik.
Nyob hauv Tajikistan nws tus kheej, cov lus nyob deb ntawm kev nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv ib cheeb tsam, txij li hauv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws cov neeg nyob hauv hais ob peb hom lus Pamir, uas yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov lus Asian thaum ub ntawm Sogdiana thiab Bactria..
Diaspora thiab dialects
Nws tsim nyog sau ciatias Tajik tsis yog homogeneous: nws muaj ntau hom lus, cov lus piav qhia ntxaws uas tau sau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li tsib caug hom lus thiab cov dialects raug txheeb xyuas, me ntsis txawv ntawm cov lus thiab cov cai hauv xov tooj.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab thaum ub tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm txog kab lis kev cai ntawm Central Asia nyob hauv St. Petersburg State University. Nyob rau ntawm Oriental Kws qhia ntawv muaj ib chav haujlwm ntawm Iranian philology, qhov twg cov neeg txhais lus Tajik raug cob qhia, uas tau hnov txog txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus ntawm Persian lus txuas ntxiv.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv Persian philology kuj tau kawm hauv Lomonosov Moscow State University, thiab kev kawm tiav qib siab thiab kws kho mob muaj nyob ntawm ntau lub koom haum tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, suav nrog St. Petersburg Institute of Oriental Manuscripts. Txoj kev kawm ntawm cov lus ntawm Tajikistan yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Russia vim hais tias muaj ib tug loj diaspora ntawm Tajiks nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Kev hwm rau lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog rau kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm kev nom kev tswv, tab sis kuj rau kev lag luam thiab kev koom ua ke zoo ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw.
