Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nyiaj txiag ua ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub neej, nws nquag ua haujlwm thiab nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw hauv zej zog. Tam sim no tsis muaj nyiaj nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tau raws li cov khoom xav tau. Cov neeg thaum ub Kiev lossis Novgorod tau tswj hwm li cas yam tsis muaj "npib npib" uas qee zaum thawb tib neeg mus rau kev ua phem?
Thawj hais txog Veksha
Thawj qhov hais txog Veksha hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 4 (853-858). Nws yog lub sijhawm uas Khazars ua rog tau txeeb cov khoom ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ciam teb ntawm lawv thiab yuav tsum them se.
Monk Nestor nyob rau hauv nws nto moo "Tale of Bygone Years" pib sau txog "verenitsa": "… Thiab Khazars coj los ntawm cov meadows los ntawm dawb thiab los ntawm ib txoj hlua."
Veveritsa, lossis Veksha, yog lub npe ntawm cov squirrels liab. Linen txhais tau tias lub caij ntuj no daim tawv nqaij ntawm squirrel los yog hnav daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug tsiaj.
Cov neeg txhawb nqa "cov nyiaj plaub hau" thov tias nyob rau hnub ntawd lawv them nrog cov tawv nqaij tsiaj, feem ntau yog cov protein,stoats or weasels.
Lwm tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua raws li txoj kev xav ntawm cov nyiaj hlau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hu ua hlau sib cav tias vekshas tsis yog squirrels kiag li, tab sis cov nyiaj npib uas yog puag ncig lossis oval hauv cov duab thiab ua los ntawm hlau (nyiaj, hlau, kub lossis cam khwb cia hlau).
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "veksha"
Yog li, los ntawm kab lus dhau los, nws yog qhov tseeb tias veksha, lossis veveritsa, yog chav tsev nyiaj txiag uas tuaj yeem piv nrog cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kopeck. Nws yog tus nqi tsawg tshaj plaws.
Ntxiv rau cov lus txhais tau zoo (veksha yog ib chav nyiaj me me ntawm Ancient Russia), lo lus muaj lwm lub ntsiab lus, thiab tsis yog cov ntsiab lus zoo xwb:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws los koom kev lom zem nrog rau ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
- Vekshay tseem hu ua ib tug menyuam nyob hauv ib lub thaiv lossis ib lub thaiv uas "khiav zoo li tus squirrel" hauv lifting shells; txoj hlua puag hauv ob lub blocks hu ua kev khiav. Qhov hnyav feem ntau tau nqa ntawm lub veksha.
- Veksha yog ib tug zoo tib yam squirrel, ib tug nas los ntawm tsev neeg squirrel, uas yog tib tug sawv cev ntawm squirrel genus nyob rau hauv lub fauna ntawm Russia.
Tus nyuj raug nqi pes tsawg hauv Kievan Rus?
Lub tsev nyiaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev Lavxias thaum ub yog hryvnia. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, ib hryvnia yog sib npaug rau 150 vekshas. Cov nyiaj veksha hnyav txog 0.3 grams.
N. M. Karamzin yog ib tug ntawm ob peb historianskoom nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm "Lavxias Teb Chaws Qhov Tseeb" - sau los ntawm kev cai lij choj Lavxias thaum ub.
Tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias nyob rau hauv Russia thaum ub muaj nyuj tuaj yeem yuav ob hryvnias. Yog tias 150 vekshas yog ib hryvnia, ces qhov nruab nrab 300 vekshas yuav tsum tau them rau ib tug nyuj.
Rau qhov sib piv: tus nqi ntawm tus nyuj yog thib ob tsuas yog tus huab tais tus nees. Ib tug zoo nees raug nqi peb hryvnias raws li ancient Lavxias teb sab nyiaj, rau lub sij hawm ntawd nws yog nyiaj ntau.
Raws li tau hais dhau los, tsis yog cov nyiaj hlau, Rus kuj tau siv cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj muaj plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov plaub hau tsis zoo, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau cov khoom tsim nyog.
Ib pawg ntawm 18 squirrel tawv yog sib npaug rau ib npib nyiaj.
Yog li, veksha tsis yog tsuas yog nyiaj npib xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib daim tawv nqaij squirrel, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev los yuav lossis pauv khoom hauv Ancient Russia.
