Russia yog ib lub tebchaws muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv nws, ntau yam amazing, me ntsis kawm thiab archaic lus coexist. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm haiv neeg hauv nws ntau yam tshwm sim, suav nrog cov lus hais, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia los ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb. Siberia yog tsis muaj kev zam. Ib hom lus ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm yog Ket.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm hom lus
thawj yam uas hais txog yog Ket lus yog nyob ntawm Yenisei tsev neeg ntawm hom lus. Qhov tseeb no yooj yim heev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm yuav luag tsis ntseeg, txij li hnub no Ket yog tus sawv cev kawg ntawm tsev neeg hom lus no. Tsis ntev los no, nws tus tij laug nyob - Yug lus. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no nws tau ploj mus, thiab Ket nws tus kheej yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev ploj tuag.
Txawm hais tias tsev neeg ntawm Ket lus zoo li tau txiav txim siab heev, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim taug qab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm yam lus. Piv txwv li, nrog cov lus ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Tibet, thiab nrog cov lus ntawm sab qaum teb Indians; txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev sim siabpoob lawm.
Cov lus Ket tau nthuav dav hauv Yenisei River phiab, uas yog nyob rau thaj tsam me me ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Kets
Yuav tsis tau hais ob peb lo lus hais txog Kets - cov neeg uas nws cov neeg sawv cev yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus Ket.
Nyob rau hauv ethnography lawv feem ntau hu ua Ostyaks los yog Yeniseis, tab sis lo lus "ket" yog ob lub npe thiab tus kheej lub npe, vim nyob rau hauv Ket lo lus "ket" qhia ib tug neeg.
Raws li xyoo 2010, cov Kets hauv Russia tsuas yog kwv yees li 1200 tus neeg xwb. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub Krasnoyarsk Territory. Hauv kev kawm niaj hnub no ntawm ib haiv neeg, nws tseem ceeb heev los txiav txim siab txog txoj hauv kev ntawm nws keeb kwm. Yog li, nws paub txog Kets tias cov zej zog ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tuaj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Ob thiab Yenisei. Nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, lawv muab ob qho tib si Siberian Caucasoid thiab ancient Caucasoid keeb kwm.
Ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Siberia los ntawm cov Russians, cov Kets, txawm hais tias lawv tseem muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg, twb mastered kos duab ntawm metallurgy. Lawv tau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Txij li thaum tsis ntev los no, lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog yos hav zoov, nuv ntses, thiab yug tsiaj txhu (xws li mos lwj).
Txoj kev ntseeg qub ntawm Kets tsis muaj lub npe meej, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li kev ntseeg. Lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv lawv mythological sawv cev, muab faib ua peb spheres, thiab qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm yog inhabited los ntawm ntau tus ntsuj plig ntawm txawv xwm. Muaj qhov siab duaTswv Ntuj yog tus zoo, nws tus poj niam Hosedem yog phem.
Nrog cov neeg Lavxias tuaj txog hauv lawv thaj av, Cov Kets pib txais kev ntseeg Orthodox.
Study history
Thawj qhov hais txog cov lus no tau sau tseg thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th: xyoo 1788 hauv phau ntawv mus ncig ntawm P. Pallas. Txij thaum ntawd los, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm ob peb centuries, ib tug xov tooj ntawm scientific thiab tswv yim phau ntawv ntawm Ket lus tau raug luam tawm, nthuav tawm nws keeb kwm, nta ntawm nws cov qauv thiab muaj nyob. Tshwj xeeb, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum raug sau tseg. Thawj ntawm lawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lus sau thiab phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Ket lus, luam tawm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab philologist M. Castren.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau tso tseg qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov lus - hauv Soviet xyoo, nws tsuas yog tawm tsam ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 1960, ob peb haiv neeg thiab kab lis kev cai tau nthuav tawm mus rau thaj chaw uas siv hom lus Ket. Ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev ntoj ke mus kawm yog cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo hauv tsev thiab cov kws tshawb fawb xws li V. N. Toporov, as well as B. A. Assumption.
Ntse
Ntau yam ntawm cov lus Ket rau ib tus neeg hais lus Lavxias yuav zoo li yam txawv txawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib qho lus qhia txawv tsis tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm prefixes (prefixes) uas paub rau peb, suffixes uas tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj nrog kev siv ntawm thiaj li hu ua infixes (ib tug morpheme tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lo lus hauv paus)!
Tsis tas li, ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov lus zoo li qhov muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm phonemes hais txog hardness thiab softness,nrog rau lub suab sib txawv (txog tsib - nyob ntawm hom lus).
Ket alphabet
Nyob rau xyoo 1930, ib cov tsiaj ntawv raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Latin tau muab tso ua ke rau cov lus Ket. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo 1980 nws tau hloov los ntawm ib qho tshiab raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic, uas hauv kev sau ntawv ua rau nws zoo li Lavxias (kev dag ntxias zoo sib xws!). Txawm hais tias muaj 17 tsab ntawv ntau qhov txawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb lees txais Ket cov ntawv zoo li tam sim no:
Ket today
Raws li tau hais los saum no, txoj hmoo ntawm cov lus no, zoo li ntau lwm yam lus cais ntawm cov neeg me, yog qhov nyuaj siab. Hnub no muaj kev phom sij.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev siv niaj hnub no tseem yog cov khoom siv tes ua ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev hais lus, txawm tias ntawm cov neeg hais lus, nrog rau cov neeg laus, nws yog siv heev sluggishly thiab reluctantly. Cov menyuam yaus tsis tshua qhia nws. Zoo li ntau lub teb chaws, qhov no feem ntau yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub, txhawm rau zais cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham los ntawm lawv, los tham txog kev zais lossis tus kheej.
