Tsov rog rauj yog ib hom riam phom qub tshaj plaws, uas tau siv los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze. Nws yog thawj zaug ua nyob rau hauv Neolithic era. Lub rauj yog ib hom riam phom siv ob qho tib si siv rau hauv kev ntaus hlau thiab kev ua tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, lub rauj tshwm nyob rau hauv Neolithic. Thaum xub thawj, nws muaj ib tug pommel ua los ntawm pob zeb. Heev feem ntau, nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug pob tw nyob rau hauv lub ceremonial pob zeb los yog sib ntaus sib tua ax. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov kev sib tsoo riam phom no tau txhim kho, thiab nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog lawv twb tau siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam zoo tib yam hlau hammers mounted ntawm ib tug ntev kov. Lawv tau hais me ntsis txog ib tug mace, uas tsis yog lag ntseg xwb, tab sis deforming tshuab tau inflicted.
Tus neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov riam phom no yog Mjollnir - tus rauj mythical ntawm cua daj cua dub thiab thunder vajtswv Thor. Nws tau dhau los ua lub cim kev ntseeg tiag tiag, lub cim cim thiabib qho khoom plig rau txhua tus Scandinavians. Txawm li cas los xij, mus txog rau xyoo pua XI. Cov riam phom zoo li no tau siv los ntawm Germans.
Kev faib tawm
Kev tsov rog rauj tau siv dav los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, pib txij li xyoo pua 13th. Nws txoj kev sib kis tau sai tau yooj yim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam txhim khu kev qha. Ntaj, maces, axes thiab lwm yam riam phom siv nyob rau hauv cov hnub rau kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsis tiv thaiv lawv. Tag nrho lawv tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tias yog vim li cas tshiab variants ntawm tib tsov rog rauj pib tshwm. Nws cov ntau yam muaj xws li cov ncej nrog lub pob qhov rooj uas zoo li lub rauj ntawm ib sab, thiab nyob rau lwm qhov tuaj yeem zoo li lub ntsej muag ncaj lossis me ntsis nkhaus, beak, faceted spike, thiab lwm yam.
Lub npe "rauj" qhia tias muaj tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no ntawm lub taub hau. Cov riam phom tuav lub npe no txawm tias qhov tseeb rauj tsis nyob ntawm nws. Qhov feem ntau yog lub rauj, uas muaj qhov taw tes nce siab thiab, ntxiv rau nws, luv spikes, uas feem ntau nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov poob siab ntawm lub pob tw lossis rau sab ntawm nws. Cov beaks tuaj yeem tho lub phaj ntawm lub tsho tiv no los yog tawg cov saw hlau. Lub rauj yog siv los stun tus yeeb ncuab los yog deform nws armor.
Lucernhammer
Nov yog ib hom riam phom uas tau tshwm sim hauv Switzerland thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Nws tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ko taw ntawm ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe kom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Qhov no medievalriam phom yog shackled ncej mus txog 2 m ntev, ntawm ib kawg ntawm uas muaj ib tug warhead nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug taw tes ncov, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus - ib tug rauj. Feem ntau nws tau ua ob sab. Qhov kev poob siab toothed ib feem ntawm lub rauj ua haujlwm rau stun cov yeeb ncuab, thiab qhov sib txuas zoo li lub ntsej muag ntse. Xav txog nws lub hom phiaj, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog ib qho riam phom uas muaj kev sib tsoo.
Nws ntseeg tias yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lucerne rauj yog kev ua phem uas tshwm sim ntawm Swiss infantry thiab German cavalry. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov neeg caij tsheb muaj cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo, tawm tsam cov tsoos halberds tsis muaj zog, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm lub plhaub hlau ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb. Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim rau riam phom tshiab uas tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim rau cov yeeb ncuab armor. Raws li rau lub pike, nws tau pab cov infantrymen zoo tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab cavalry tawm tsam. Lub Lucerne rauj tig los ua tau zoo heev uas dhau sij hawm nws tswj kom tshem tau cov halberds tag nrho.
Short Polearms
Cov hammers zoo sib xws, uas tus kov tsis pub tshaj 80 cm ntev, tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 10th. Lawv tau siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes thiab feem ntau ua tub rog nrog cov neeg caij tsheb. Tab sis txhua qhov chaw xws li riam phom pib siv rau hauv tub rog tsuas yog tom qab 5 centuries. Cov shafts luv luv ntawm ob sab hnub tuaj thiab European rauj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau thiab muab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb kov rau tuav nrog ib tug los yog ob txhais tes.
Tsov rog nrogNyob rau sab nraud ntawm tus beak, nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, piv txwv li, spiked, conical, du, pyramidal, crowned nrog monogram lossis qee hom duab. Ob qhov kawg tau siv los sau rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub tsho tiv no lossis lub cev.
Ntev ncej rauj
In the XIV century. cov riam phom no tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Nws muaj qhov ntev ntev txog li 2 m thiab zoo li lub halberd. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias lub taub hau ntawm cov hammers tsis yog cov khoom forged, tab sis sib sau ua ke los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav luag ib txwm muaj pike lossis hmuv tom kawg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias qhov no medieval riam phom tsis yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug beak nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm rauj. Hloov chaw, qee zaum ib rab phom tau txuas nrog, uas tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si me me thiab zoo nkauj heev. Xws li riam phom txawv txawv hu ua polax.
Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm rauj nyob rau hauv cov riam phom ntev muaj ntau yam: du, nrog cov hniav zoo, muaj ib los yog ntau dua luv los yog ntev spikes, thiab txawm defiant inscriptions. Kuj tseem muaj cov riam phom zoo li no, qhov twg lub taub hau kev sib ntaus tsuas muaj cov hammers, trident beaks lossis cov hniav, thiab xaus nrog qhov tsis hloov pauv pike rau saum. Riam phom nrog ntev ncej tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ko taw los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab cavalry. Qee lub sij hawm lawv kuj tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog thaum lawv tshem tawm.
riam phom sib xyaws
Thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. thiab muaj ntau yam zootab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho kev sib koom ua ke - lawv yuav tsum muaj qee yam khoom muaj nyob hauv kev ua tsov rog rauj. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog nrog tes, nyob rau hauv uas ib rab ntaj tau muab tso rau. Cov hniav zoo li no feem ntau muaj qee qhov ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv - tshwj xeeb sawv cev rau rab phom lossis ntoo khaub lig.
Cov riam phom xws li cov khoom hluav taws kub tau nyuaj dua. Ntxiv rau lub rauj nrog cov kaus mom thiab xaiv, lawv kuj tau nruab nrog cov hniav ntev txog li ib thiab ib nrab meters ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav txawm tias txiav los yog raug rho tawm los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm tus kov. Kuj tseem muaj kab civliv, uas yog kev sib xyaw nrog rauj nrog rab yaj phom lossis phom.
Oriental analogues
Klevtsy nrog luv shafts tau siv tsis yog hauv cov tub rog nyob sab Europe xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, ib tug zoo sib xws ua tsov ua rog rauj hu ua lub fakir cov neeg ua hauj lwm los yog tsav nws, nyob rau hauv Afghanistan thiab Pakistan - lohar, nyob rau hauv Persia - tabar. Cov riam phom no zoo ib yam li European ib qho, vim tias nws muaj tib qho kev faib rau rauj rau plaub lub spikes. Zoo li lub Lucernehammer.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias klevtsy tau siv sijhawm ntev dua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj dua li hauv Tebchaws Europe, vim lawv xav tau ntau, ob qho tib si ntawm cov tub rog thiab ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem. Lawv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Indo-Persian thiab txawm muaj tib lub npe - "crow's beak". Lawv kuj tau ua riam phom ua ke hauv Is Nrias teb. Tseem muaj cov analogues hauv Suav teb thiab Nyiv.
Npaj
Tom qab poob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv klevtsov, Poland pib tshaj tawmcov kev cai tshwj xeeb txwv tsis pub cov pej xeem los hnav lawv txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm canes thiab staves. Hloov chaw ntawm lawv, lwm version ntawm rauj tshwm sim - lub pob tw lossis pob tw. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim los ntawm cov hlau, nyiaj lossis tooj dag pob qhov rooj thiab cov beaks, khov kho rau ntawm ncej, feem ntau qhwv hauv lub nplhaib. Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv zoo li no uas tsuas yog lub ntsej muag ntse tau khoov lossis lawv muaj qhov txawv txav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntxeev ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus kov, txog li 1 m ntev, kuj tau khi rau hauv pob tw, feem ntau yog hnav los ntawm Polish gentry.
Raws li koj paub, lub pob tw yog thawj zaug los tiv thaiv tus kheej, tab sis dhau sijhawm nws pom tseeb tias riam phom no phem tshaj qhov kev hais lus phem. Yog tias ua ntej, thaum sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab, saber tuaj yeem txiav lub ntsej muag, lub taub hau lossis caj npab, thiab cov ntshav ntws los ua rau cov tub rog zoo siab. Tam sim no, thaum ib tug neeg raug ntaus pob tw, ntshav tsis pom. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem tuaj rau nws lub siab tam sim ntawd thiab dhau mus ua rau hnyav dua thiab hnyav dua, thaum ua rau nws raug mob tuag taus. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov neeg Polish gentry, uas hnav riam phom no, tsis txhob tu siab heev rau lawv tej kev kawm, thiab feem ntau rau txim rau lawv nrog ntaus, thiab tej zaum kuj tua lawv.
Tawm txoj haujlwm
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, rauj (ib riam phom ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog) poob nws qhov qub qub, thiab nws tau pib siv los ua tus cwj pwm ntawm ntau yam tub rog. Yog li nws tau nyob hauv Ltalis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Lawv cov piv txwv tau ua raws li tub sab thiab Cossack atamans. Feem ntau, cov ntsia hlau-hauv cov hniav tau muab tso rau hauv cov tes ntawm cov riam phom no.daggers.
