Lub koom pheej ntawm Adygea yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab yog thawj qhov kev kawm (01 cheeb tsam). Cov lus Adyghe tau txais nws cov lus sau tsis ntev los no, txawm hais tias nws tau hais los ntawm 300 txhiab tus neeg, feem ntau nyob hauv North Caucasus. Yav tas los, cov tib neeg tsuas yog siv lub ncauj lus ntawm kev hais lus. Hauv qab no peb xav txog keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Adyghe, muaj pes tsawg tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv nws thiab dab tsi phonetics. Peb tseem yuav pom tias lub xeev ntawm cov lus uas tau kawm hnub no yog dab tsi.
History of the Adyghe alphabet
Cov lus ntawm haiv neeg yog rau pawg Abkhaz-Adyghe, kev sib raug zoo uas tuaj yeem taug qab los ntawm cov kws paub lus nrog cov Hattian thaum ub. Kev sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg no tsis muaj nws tus kheej cov tsiaj ntawv ua ntej lawv pib sau lawv cov kev xav thiab kev coj noj coj ua - Cov Circassians tsuas yog siv qhov ncauj xwb. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm Turks, Adyghe tau sim sau lawv cov lus siv cov ntawv Arabic, tab sis nws nyuaj.
Tom qab, twb nyob hauvThaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, muaj kev sim sau cov lus raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, tab sis xyoo 1938, nrog kev pom zoo los ntawm USSR, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Adyghe lus hauv Cyrillic.
thawj cov tsiaj ntawv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias tau sau los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb L. Ya. Lyulye, txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tsiaj ntawv tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov suab lus nyuaj ntawm Lavxias, vim tus kws tshawb fawb tsis yog nws cov neeg hais lus.
Cov tsiaj ntawv Adyghe niaj hnub hauv Cyrillic tau los ua tsaug rau ob tus kws tshawb fawb zoo - N. F. Yakovlev thiab DA Ashkhamaf. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus sau yog Temirgoev dialect. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lus hais los ntawm ib pawg neeg ntawm Circassians tsis to taub los ntawm cov neeg hais lus ntawm cov lus sau. Hauv lwm lo lus, tseem muaj cov auls cais nrog lawv tus kheej cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov lus hauv tebchaws.
Phonetics ntawm Adyghe lus
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais lus twb tau hais los saum toj no. Tseeb tiag, cov lus Adyghe yog hissing heev. Nws ntes tau ntau qhov ntxoov ntawm cov lus - qhov hardness thiab softness ntawm cov ntawv.
Txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov xov tooj nplua nuj ntawm Adyghe lus, ntau lub suab, thiab yog li ntawv, xav tau. Rau lawv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb. Muaj cov suab uas tsis muaj analogues hauv Lavxias.
Ntau lub suab tau hais transglotally, kos tawm, lossis, hloov pauv, nrawm thiab nrawm.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj 7 lub vowels thiab 57 consonants nyob rau hauv lub Adyghe lus. Lub peculiarity ntawm lub suab suab yog cov tsiaj ntawv "a", "e", "s", "o", y tsim lub suab "I a", "I e", "I s", "I o","I y"
"l" yog ib qho kos npe uas tsis yog tsab ntawv cais, tab sis ua haujlwm rau kev hais tawm ntawm exhalation. Yog tias qhov kos npe no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus vowel, thawj zaug koj yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg saum huab cua, thiab tom qab ntawd hais cov lus "a", "e", "y", "o", "s". Lub xub ntiag lossis tsis muaj daim paib no cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus.
Leters of the Adyghe alphabet
Nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntawv hauv cov lus uas muaj cov ntawv ntau dua li cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias, thiab kev nyeem lawv tsuas yog ua tau nrog ib tus neeg hais lus, txij li tsuas yog Adyghe tuaj yeem ua tau. nyeem lawv kom raug. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov ntawv yog Lavxias, tab sis lawv tau nyeem thiab hais hauv Adyghe.
Puas muaj pes tsawg tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Adyghe? Yog, tsuas yog 66 tsab ntawv xwb. Ntau ntawm lawv zoo ib yam li Lavxias, tab sis ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv muaj ob lossis peb tsab ntawv.
Piv txwv li, muaj cov tsiaj ntawv monosyllabic (cov no yog tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias). Kuj tseem muaj cov disyllabic: "gu", "g", "j", "dz", "zh", "zh", "ku", "k", "to I", "l", "l" ", "p I", "t I", "xb", "xx", "tsu", "c I", "ch", "h I", "sh", "sh I", "I y ". Thiab peb lub suab: "gu", "dzu", "zhu", "kuu", "to I y", "n I y", "t I y", "huy", "shyu", "sh I y".
NtawvCov lus Adyghe tau dhau los ua cumbersome, nyuaj rau kev xaav ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias. Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev sau ntawv ywj pheej thiab nws tus kheej cov lus. Nws yog ib hom lus hluas uas txuas ntxiv txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Lavxias.
Modern Adyghe lus
hom lus zoo ib yam li Kabardian-Circassian lus, raws li Kabardians thiab Circassians nkag siab zoo txog Adyghe thiab vice versa.
Hnub no, plaub yam lus tau hais hauv tebchaws: Shapsug, Bzhedug, Abadzekh, Temirgoev. Cov tom kawg, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog hom lus sau. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Dag sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog sau rau nws, legends thiab lub neej ntawm ancient pab pawg neeg, pej xeem tales yog piav.
Peb yam lus tseem ceeb yog hais txog cov lus ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Shapsug, Abadzekh thiab Bzhedug pab pawg. Cov no yog cov feem ntau thiab muaj hwj chim pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub North Caucasus. Thiab tam sim no, tom qab scenes, muaj kev faib ntawm Circassians rau hauv cov tsev neeg no. Yuav luag txhua tus paub tias tsev neeg twg lawv cov txheeb ze koom nrog.
Tam sim no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib xyaw cov tsev neeg no, tab sis qee tus tseem khaws lawv tus kheej thiab cov lus tshwj xeeb.
Cov neeg Adygea tiv thaiv lawv tus nplaig
Cov neeg Circassians nyiam lawv hom lus. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej, nws yog lub xeev thib ob tom qab Lavxias teb sab, xov xwm kev pab cuam yog ua nyob rau hauv nws, cov ntaub ntawv yog luam tawm. Cov tub ceev xwm tab tom sim khaws lawv tus kheej ntawm cov neeg thiab ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua. Txhua tus Adyghes paub Lavxias, tab sis lawv kawm cov lus Adyghe hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov koom haum.
Yog li, peb pom qhov ntawdCov lus no nyuaj heev rau kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm pronunciation, txij li thaum lub suab ntawm lub Adyghe lus tsis coincide nrog Lavxias teb sab sawv daws yuav. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv (ob zaug ntau npaum li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab) complex kev kawm. Txhua tus neeg uas nyob hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Adygea paub yuav ua li cas sau cov tsiaj ntawv Adyghe nyob rau hauv cursive, vim cov tsiaj ntawv yog los ntawm Cyrillic, uas yog, tsab ntawv yog zoo tib yam rau Lavxias teb sab.
