Nyob hauv cov kab mob lom neeg, qhov sib npaug yog tswj vim muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus. Txhua lub cev siv nws qhov chaw hauv lawv, tau txais cov organic molecules rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov tshuaj complex rau hauv cov theem pib uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw los ntawm txhua lub xov tooj hu ua dissimilation. Nyob rau hauv biology, qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau lub hav zoov ntawm cov kab mob nyob nrog rau assimilation. Dissimilation tseem hu ua catabolism, ib hom kev faib cov metabolism.
theem ntawm kev sib cais
Dissimilation yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog lub plab zom mov ntawm lub cev, uas nqis los kom tau txais cov khoom noj, lawv cov txheej txheem thiab cov metabolism hauv cell. Lub substrate rau dissimilation nyob rau hauv biology yog ib tug complex organic molecule uas lub cev muaj lub tsim nyog enzyme systems mus zom.
Thawj theem ntawm catabolism yog npaj. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav mus losrau zaub mov thiab nws capture. Proteins, rog thiab carbohydrates nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nyob los yog decaying ntaub so ntswg ua raws li cov khoom noj raw khoom. Kev npaj theem ntawm dissimilation nyob rau hauv biology yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug kab mob tus cwj pwm noj thiab extracellular digestion. Thaum lub sij hawm nws, unicellular kab mob tau txais complex organic raw cov ntaub ntawv, phagocytize nws thiab ua txhaum nws mus rau theem pib.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntau yam, kev npaj theem ntawm kev sib cais txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav mus rau zaub mov, nws tau txais thiab kev zom zaub mov hauv lub plab zom mov, tom qab uas cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig yog nqa los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau lub hlwb. Nroj tsuag kuj muaj theem npaj. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev nqus ntawm cov khoom lwj ntawm cov organic teeb meem, uas yog tom qab xa los ntawm kev thauj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm intracellular dissimilation. Nyob rau hauv biology, qhov no txhais tau hais tias rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yuav tsum muaj ib tug substrate, kev puas tsuaj uas yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob, xws li lwj kab mob.
Anaerobic dissimilation
theem thib ob ntawm kev sib cais yog hu ua oxygen-dawb, uas yog, anaerobic. Nws yog ntau txog carbohydrates thiab cov rog, vim hais tias cov amino acids tsis metabolized, tab sis raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm biosynthesis. Protein macromolecules yog tsim los ntawm lawv, thiab yog li kev siv cov amino acids yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm assimilation, uas yog, synthesis. Dissimilation yog (hauv biology) kev tawg ntawm cov organic molecules nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob muaj peev xwm metabolize qabzib, ib qho universal monosaccharide uas.yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rau txhua yam muaj sia.
Thaum lub sijhawm anaerobic glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules raug tsim los, uas khaws lub zog hauv macroergic bonds. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev noj ntau ntawm cov piam thaj nrog kev tsim ntawm ntau cov metabolites: pyruvate, lossis lactic acid, hauv qee yam kab mob - ethyl cawv. Cov tshuaj no yuav raug siv nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem ntawm dissimilation, tab sis ethanol yuav siv los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog pab tiv thaiv intoxication. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, fatty acids, raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov rog rog, tsis tuaj yeem metabolized los ntawm kev ua haujlwm anaerobes, vim lawv xav tau aerobic cleavage txoj hauv kev nrog acetyl-coenzyme-A.
Aerobic dissimilation
Oxygen dissimilation hauv biology yog aerobic glycolysis, txheej txheem ntawm cov piam thaj tawg nrog lub zog tawm los. Nws yog 36 ATP molecules, uas yog 18 npaug ntau npaum li anoxic glycolysis. Hauv tib neeg lub cev, muaj ob theem ntawm glycolysis, thiab yog li tag nrho lub zog tawm los thaum lub sij hawm metabolism ntawm ib cov piam thaj molecule yog 38 ATP molecules. 2 molecules yog tsim nyob rau theem ntawm oxygen-dawb glycolysis, thiab lwm 36 thaum lub sij hawm aerobic oxidation nyob rau hauv mitochondria. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv qee lub hlwb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm oxygen tsis txaus, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv kab mob coronary, kev noj cov metabolites tsuas yog mus raws txoj kev tsis muaj oxygen.
Metabolism ntawm aerobes thiab anaerobes
Dissimilation hauv anaerobic thiabcov kab mob aerobic zoo ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv aerobic oxidation. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov thib peb ntawm kev sib cais. Cov kab mob uas muaj cov kab mob enzyme rau oxygen khi, piv txwv li, cytochrome oxidase, muaj peev xwm ntawm aerobic oxidation, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm metabolism, lawv tau txais lub zog ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, oxygen dissimilation hauv biology yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev zom cov piam thaj, uas tso cai rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntshav sov nrog lub paj hlwb tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov paj hlwb tsis muaj enzymes lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawg ntawm lwm cov metabolites, yog li lawv tsuas muaj peev xwm zom cov piam thaj.
