Caucasus yog thaj chaw zoo nkauj, nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw zoo nkauj ntawm Eurasia. Cov cheeb tsam no nyob ze rau yav qab teb ntug ntawm East European Plain, thaum tig ntawm Europe thiab Asia, thiab nws yog ntxuav los ntawm dej hiav txwv Dub nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab hiav txwv Caspian nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.
Sab qaum teb ciam teb ntawm Caucasus muaj zog nyob ntawm kev nyuaj siab Kuma-Manych thaum ub, lub txee rau ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov thiab ntev Kerch Strait. Sab qab teb ntug ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw no ua raws li ciam teb qub qub ntawm Soviet Union. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm tsib lub teb chaws ntawm Transcaucasus, nrog rau North Caucasian koog tsev kawm ntawv, muaj ntau tshaj 350 txhiab square meters. km.
geography
thaj chaw ntawm Caucasus qhia meej txog kev faib mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb. North Caucasus suav nrog:
- Ciscaucasia.
- Txoj kev nqes hav ntawm Greater Caucasus Toj siab, nyob raws ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau Samur River ntawm sab hnub tuaj.
- Southwestern loj kev poob qis ntawm lub roob Caucasian tseem ceeb nrog nws thaj tsam qaum teb sab hnub poob.
- Black Sea coast.
Raws li thaj chaw tam sim no, thaj av ntawm Caucasus thaum ub yog rau Russia (Caucasus North thiab ib feem ntawm Transcaucasian thaj av nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus dej Samur) thiab Azerbaijan, mus tos txais Armenia thiab tos txais Georgia. Qaib ntxhw kuj muaj ib feem ntawm thaj av sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av roob no.
Lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv thaj av ntawm Alpine-Himalayan dav seismic siv, uas yog nto moo rau active tectonic txav thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau yam roob roob.
History
Thawj qhov hais txog lo lus "Caucasus" tau pom ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Greek thaum ub. Piv txwv li, hauv Aeschylus hauv Prometheus Chained (kwv yees li xyoo pua 5 BC).
Lub Caucasus yog thaj av uas tau ntau pua xyoo dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog ntawm cov xeev loj-empires. Lawv tau sim txeeb tswj hwm thaj chaw zoo li no. Lub cheeb tsam loj no, faib ob feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia - ib zaug ib tug ntshav arena nyob rau hauv uas lub enmity ntawm Persia thiab lub Great Ottoman Empire kis tau. Russia lub zog tawm tsam hauv Caucasus pib tam sim ntawd tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub zog Golden Horde.
1944 tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias txhua tus Chechens thiab Ingush raug yuam rov los nyob hauv Kazakhstan thiab Kyrgyzstan (cov koom pheej ntawm USSR). Cov lus tshaj tawm vim li cas yog qhov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua thiab loj heev ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem hauv Checheno-Ingushetia rau German invaders thiab occupiers. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Caucasus twb tau tsim los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940, lwm haiv neeg ntawm Caucasus raug kev tsim txom loj thiab raug ntiab tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1991, ib tug tub rog coup tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Chechnya, vim yoguas Checheno-Ingushetia tau muab faib tsis muaj kev xaiv ntawm ciam teb rau hauv Chechen thiab Ingush Republics. Tom qab ntawd, kev tawm tsam kev ua phem hauv Chechnya tau raug tso tseg, txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej hauv Ingushetia tseem muaj kev ntxhov siab: kev tua neeg, tub sab nyiag, kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb tseem yog ib feem ntawm lub neej.
Peb lub sijhawm
Hauv xyoo 2008, Russia lees paub kev ywj pheej ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm South Ossetia thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze Abkhazia, tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Ntau lub cheeb tsam tseem nyob hauv nws txoj kev ywj pheej. Cov no yog Dagestan, Chechnya thiab lwm yam.
Regions
Lub Caucasus yog ib lub koomhaum, raws li geomorphology, ntawm 4 lub ntsiab:
- Lub tiaj Ciscaucasian, ncab ntawm Azov mus rau Caspian Seas hauv ib txoj kab ntev txog 800 km.
- roob ntawm Greater Caucasus (xws li Greater Caucasus toj siab thiab ncaj qha rau roob North Caucasus).
- Kev nyuaj siab Transcaucasian (xws li Colchis thiab Kura-Araks lowlands).
- Lub Transcaucasian Highlands (qhov no yog sab qaum teb ntug ntawm Armenian Highlands), uas suav nrog roob ntau ntawm Lesser Caucasus thiab South Caucasian Highlands nws tus kheej.
Pabneeg
Cov neeg ntawm Caucasus tau muab faib ua 3 pawg lus: Caucasian, Altaic thiab Indo-European tsev neeg. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw no, muaj txog li 50 haiv neeg sib txawv nyob thiab muaj nyob, hais lus lawv tus kheej thiab muaj kev coj noj coj ua qub. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Caucasus niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem ntsib lwm haiv neeg:Russians, Ukrainians, Jews thiab ntau lwm tus. Cov haiv neeg Caucasian kuj nyob ntawm no (Caucasian, Pontic, Caspian, Armenoid).
Lub Caucasus yog thaj chaw uas muaj kev ntseeg tseem ceeb yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv (Lavxias teb sab, Armenian thiab Georgian Orthodox Churches) thiab Islam. Muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Judaism. Islam hais txog cov neeg ntseeg yog thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg ntawm Caucasus.
Tourism
Cov chaw ncig tebchaws feem ntau npaj mus ncig rau Caucasus. Cov cheeb tsam no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, muaj ntau yam attractions. Tuam txhab uas muag yeej ib txwm npaj nthuav mus txawv tebchaws mus rau lub roob. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no pheej yig, txawm hais tias tus nqi qee zaum txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev mus ncig ua si zoo siab ua kom pom tseeb cov nqi no. Tsis xav tias Caucasus yog suav tias yog lub roob peev ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Ib sab ntawm nws yog lub hiav txwv, uas kuj invariably nyiam tourists. Lub Caucasus suav nrog ib feem ntawm Russia, Qaib ntxhw, Armenia, Georgia thiab Azerbaijan. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov qhua tuaj ntawm no: Asmeskas, Canadians lossis Australians. Lawv mus xyuas thaj av no nrog kev zoo siab, yuav khoom plig thiab txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm ntuj. Cov neeg ntawm Caucasus zoo siab txais qhua.
