Kev paub txog cov cai ntawm cov ntawv sau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab tshem tawm kev nyeem tsis tau ntawv. Punctuation - ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas nws qhov tseem ceeb yog cov cim cim kom raug (lub sij hawm tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab los ntawm Latin thiab txhais tau tias "point") - yog ze ze rau syntax (lub tswvyim los ntawm Greek lo lus "tub rog system") - ib feem ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv uas tso nws txoj hauj lwm yog los kawm cov qauv hais lus, qhov chaw thiab cov khoom, nws cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub complex raws nraim
cov kev qhuab qhia no tab tom tshawb fawb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov cim cim tau ua tiav.
Ua raws li tus kws txhais lus A. A. Shakhmatov, cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no paub txog lub hauv paus
syntactic unit ntawm kab lus, uas yog tus qauv yam tsawg kawg nkaus hauv kev sib txuas lus. Nws muaj daim ntawv ntawm intonation-kaw syntactic kev tsim kho uas qhia txog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag lossis cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav, kev xav. Ob kab lus yooj yooj yim thiab cov kab lus sib xyaw haum qhov kev txhais no.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev mloog nyob rau hauv syntax ntawm ib kab lus yog nws qhov chaw nyob (qhov no suav nrog cov kab lus, cov ntaub ntawv lo lus nyob rau theem ntawm interpositional thiab intrapositionalsyntactic kev twb kev txuas, lub formal indicators, As muaj cov conjunctions, inflections, prepositions). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv lus tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev siv cov cim cim cim tsis tsim nyog (uas tib lub sij hawm ua kom yooj yim rau kev cais cov cim), tab sis tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tau khaws cia qhov yooj yim ntawm cov syntactic system yog coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev txiav txim. kom nthuav tawm cov xim semantic thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem kom siab li sai tau. Yog li inevitably muaj qhov variation nyob rau hauv lub formulation ntawm cov cim cim. Thiab yog tias peb tseem xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sau qhov kev tso kawm, tom qab ntawd kev tshuaj xyuas cov cim cim yuav pom qhov nyuaj dua.
Yuav kom muab qhov no lossis cov cim cim cim kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai. Thiab rau qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev pab cuam qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus (paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm lawv), nrhiav lub predicative center, muaj ib lub tswv yim txog cov theem nrab. cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus, xav tias intonation pauses, nkag siab qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv thiab qhia lawv kom tsim nyog hauv tsab ntawv. Qhov no suav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "kev cais cais tawm", thiab tseem piav qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm syntax, punctuation, morphology.
Cov cim cim uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem: lub sijhawm (qhia qhov ua tiav ntawm kev xav), kev nug (muaj lus nug), exclamation (hom kis
tshwj xeeb kev xav, kev xav) cov cim, ellipsis (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm innuendo, incompleteness), comma (teem cais,cov ntsiab lus, cais cov tswv cuab, kev tsim qauv qhia, kev hais lus ncaj qha, kev thov rov hais dua, kev tsim kho cais, ntu ntawm kab lus nyuaj), semicolon (siv feem ntau rau cov kab lus tsis sib koom ua ke), dash (siv ob kab lus yooj yim thiab nyuaj, hauv kev sib tham, ncaj qha hais lus), txoj hnyuv (zoo ib yam li ib tug khiav ceev), cov lus hais (ib txwm ntawm kev hais lus ncaj qha), brackets (kom muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv).
Ntawd yog, sau cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov algorithm los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov cim cim ntawm kab lus:
- Tsim raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm nqe lus, raws li intonation nta.
- Qhia hom kab lus: yooj yim lossis complex.
- Nrhiav cov qauv ntsuas thiab cov tswv cuab thib ob.
- Yog qhov yooj yim - cim los ntawm qhov kev pom no (ob ntu / ib ntu, ua tiav / tsis tiav, ntau / tsis ntau, nyuaj lossis tsis)
Rau qhov nyuaj - txhawm rau txheeb xyuas hom kev sib txuas (subordination / composition / unionless / nrog ntau hom) thiab txhais tau tias ntawm nws txoj kev sib kis (intonation, union, allied los yog correlative lus).
- Piav qhov tsim nyog ntawm tag nrho cov cim cim (ntev, cim, cim, kab lus, kab lus, thiab lwm yam), ob qho tib si tom kawg ntawm kab lus thiab hauv nws qhov chaw.
- Create a chart.
Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev thov.
