Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm USSR. Nws tau txais khoom plig qhuas thiab cim nco txog: Orders of the Red Star, Lenin, puav pheej rau lawv. Tsiolkovsky, txawv teb chaws medals thiab xaj.
Cosmonaut Belyaev, uas nws daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no, yog Hero of Labor ntawm Mongolia thiab Nyab Laj. Nws tau los ua ib tug tib cosmonaut ntawm thaj av Vologda. Saib xyuas thawj tus txiv neej (A. Leonov) spacewalk.
Short biography
Cosmonaut Belyaev Pavel Ivanovich yug nyob rau nees nkaum rau lub rau hli ntuj 1925 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Chelishchevo, Rospyatinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (tam sim no nws yog lub Vologda cheeb tsam). Nws kawm tiav high school nyob rau hauv 1942 thiab mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug turner nyob rau hauv lub Sinar Pipe Plant. Xyoo 1943 nws tau ua haujlwm pub dawb rau Red Army. Nws raug xa mus kawm ntawm Sarapul Aviation School.
Thaum nws kawm, yav tom ntej cosmonaut tau paub nrog lub dav hlau UT-2, PO-2. Lawv xyaum thawj txuj ci. Nyob rau hauv 1944, raws li ib tug zoo heev me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua kev cob qhia, nws raug xa mus rau lub Yeisk Tsev Kawm Ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws mastered txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug naval pilot. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Star City Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm Belyaev, uas tau sau los ntawm cov xib fwb thaum nws kawm ntawv.tom tsev kawm ntawv.
tub rog txoj haujlwm
yav tom ntej cosmonaut Belyaev, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm nthuav thiab heroic txheej xwm, tom qab nws kawm tau raug xa mus rau naval aviation nyob rau hauv Far East. Nyob ntawd nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog tawm tsam Nyij Pooj Tebchaws. Nws lub davhlau debut yog txuam nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov foob pob tawg, uas tau raug xa mus rau suppress tus yeeb ncuab cov ntsiab lus firing. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Belyaev tau txais lub puav pheej "Rau qhov yeej ntawm Nyiv"
Post-war years
Pavel Ivanovich tseem ua haujlwm hauv Primorye ua ib feem ntawm aviation regiment ntawm Air Force ntawm Pacific Fleet. Maj mam txav mus rau tus ntaiv haujlwm:
- pilot;
- tus kws tsav dav hlau;
- flight commander;
- Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Tub Ceev Xwm.
Lub neej yav tom ntej cosmonaut Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev tau maj mam tsim los ua tus kws tsav dav hlau tub rog, nws cov txuj ci tau txhim kho. Nws sai sai mastered 7 hom tub rog aircraft. Nws qhov kev paub ua rau nws ua kom lub tsheb mloog lus txawm tias muaj xwm txheej loj.
Nws tau txais los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm CPSU xyoo 1949. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1956, Belyaev raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Tom qab kawm tiav xyoo 1959, nws tau txib ib pab tub rog sib ntaus sib tua.
Space Training
Txawm tias thaum kawm hauv academy, nws tau raug caw tuaj koom lub koom haum cosmonaut. Nws pom zoo yam tsis muaj hesitation. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1960 nws tau cuv npe nyob rau hauv lub detachment, qhov twg nws raug xaiv headman. Pavel Belyaev, astronaut, biography uas nws biography yog ze rau aviation, txawm hais tias nws yog heevtsis khoom nrog kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm, tseem nrhiav sijhawm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog.
Tau ob xyoos nws yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm kev sib tw. Nrog kev mob siab rau, nws tau paub txog qhov chaw thev naus laus zis, kawm tiav cov cuab yeej ntawm lub nkoj, thiab tau txais kev txawj ntse ntawm kev tswj xyuas sai.
Kev mob
Ib pawg ntawm cov cosmonaus yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau mus dhau qhov kev cob qhia nyuaj. Thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lawv tau raug xa mus rau kev cob qhia parachute. Cov thawj coj ntseeg tias cov txuj ci no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tub rog.
Xyoo 1964, Belyaev thiab Leonov yuav tsum tau ua ob peb dhia nrog ncua peb caug vib nas this. Thawj dhia mus zoo. Tab sis thaum lawv coj mus rau saum ntuj ib zaug ntxiv, cua tuaj. Cov paratroopers dhia, thiab lawv pib raug cua tshuab tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Belyaev pom tau hais tias kev tsaws yuav ua tsis tiav. Nws rub cov kab, lub drift ua tsawg, tab sis qhov ceev ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Thaum tsaws, Belyaev raug mob nws txhais ceg, thiab nws raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob.
Kev kho mob nyuaj tau pib. Lub tsev kho mob tau mus xyuas Gagarin, leej twg hais kom cov kws kho mob rov qab Pavel mus rau qib sai li sai tau. Tsib lub hlis dhau los, thiab cov kws kho mob tau muab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj rau ntawm txhais ceg, tab sis lawv tsis tau lees paub. Belyaev txiav txim siab tsis txhob coj txoj kev pheej hmoo thiab pom zoo lwm txoj cai - kom nce lub nra ntawm txhais ceg, thiab yog li yuam kom cov pob txha los ua ke. Nws coj dumbbells thiab sawv ntawm ib txhais ceg mob. Qhov mob yog ntuj raug txim, tab sis yav tom ntej astronaut ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj - txhais ceg tau kho.
Pavel poob ib xyoos ntawm kev cob qhia, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau pab pawg. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum dhau 7sim jumps, uas nws coped nrog "zoo heev". Cov tub ceev xwm txaus siab rau nws txoj kev siv zog thiab tso cai rau nws ya.
Space
Lub Peb Hlis 18, 1965, Pavel Belyaev, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Vajtswv, thiab nws tus khub Alexei Leonov tau pib los ntawm Baikonur nyob rau hauv Voskhod-2 spacecraft. Thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub orbit, lub airlock txuas nrog lub nkoj lub hatch pib inflated. Leonov, hla dhau nws, ua thawj manned spacewalk.
Tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm tsis ua raws li kev npaj tseg. Cov astronauts yuav tsum tau nrog xya yam xwm txheej. Ntawm no, peb tau ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej, muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev tawg, thiab kev tswj tsis tau. Txhawm rau hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm hom, Belyaev yuav tsum tau muab nws tus kheej los ntawm lub rooj zaum. Nws redirected lub nkoj, kho lub braking system, thiab rov qab mus rau nws lub rooj dua.
Cov kev tswj xyuas phau ntawv no tsis tau ua ua ntej, thiab Belyaev ua lawv thawj zaug. Lub astronaut siv 22 vib nas this rau qhov no. Tab sis lub sijhawm no, lub nkoj tau tawm ntawm qhov kev xav tau thiab hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev kawm los ntawm 165 mais. Vim li no, astronauts yuav tsum tsaws hauv taiga. Txoj haujlwm cawm tsis tau pom lawv txog plaub teev tom qab.
Yuav kom lub nyoob hoom qav taub mus tsaws, yuav tsum tau npaj ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb rau ntawm qhov chaw, nyob ib sab uas muaj ib lub tsev rau hmo ntuj. Qhov no tau siv ob hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov astronauts yuav tsum tau mus rau lub nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm skis. Hnub no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj rau lawv. Cov cosmonauts xav tau tsis yog tsuas yog kev paub thiab kev muaj peev xwm taug qab lub nkoj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev txawj ntse, kev ua siab ntev thiab muaj peev xwm caij.caij ski.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Tus txiv neej cosmonaut lub npe yog Ivan Petrovich. Nws tau koom nrog kev ua phem ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab tau tawm tsam nrog cov neeg Nyij Pooj ntawm Khalkhin Gol. Nws tuag xyoo 1959. Agrafena Mikhailova niam yug hauv 1899 thiab tuag hauv 1963
Pavel Belyaev tau sib yuav ntxov txaus. Lub cosmonaut thiab nws tus poj niam Tatyana Filippovna muaj ob tug ntxhais, Irina thiab Lyuda. Lawv txoj kev sib yuav yog ib qho kev zoo siab.
Awarding
Lub davhlau ya nyob twg tau siv sijhawm 26 teev 2 feeb thiab 17 vib nas this. Lub nkoj tau ua kaum xya lub kiv puag ncig ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, hla dhau 720 txhiab kilometers. Lub Peb Hlis 23, 1965, Belyaev tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm USSR. Thiab nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 13 ntawm tib lub xyoo nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Honorary Citizen ntawm Vologda. Lub Yim Hli 17, 1979 Lub bust ntawm Belyaev tau qhib nyob rau hauv lub nroog no.
Lub neej ntxiv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb
Pavel Belyaev, cosmonaut thiab tus neeg saib xyuas neeg nyob hauv Vologda, ua ke nrog nws tus phooj ywg Leonov, cog cov ntoo ntoo me me hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog no. Yav tom ntej, lawv tau txhim kho lawv txoj kev paub thiab dhau los ntawm lawv cov kev paub dhau los rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, koom nrog kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg kov yeej ntuj yav tom ntej. Belyaev xav ya dua thiab cia siab heev tias txoj hmoo yuav muab sijhawm rau nws. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb.
Lub neej kaj siab lug ntawm tus Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union tau luv luv. Lub Ib Hlis 10, 1970, tom qab mob ntev, Pavel Belyaev tuag. Lub cosmonaut tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Novodevichy hauv lub nroog ntawm peb lub tebchaws.
Nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm peb lub tebchaws, ntawm Txoj Kev Cosmonauts (Prospect Mira), lub pob tawg tau tsim los ntawm nws lub meej mom. Txoj kev ntawm ntau lub nroog dais nws lub koob npe nrov: nyob rau hauv Rostov, Rovenki, Lipovtsy. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 19, 1970, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm lub nroog Vladivostok tau txiav txim siab muab npe rau ib txoj kev ntawm lub nroog tom qab Belyaev. Ib tug crater ntawm lub hli muaj npe tom qab nws. Nyob rau hauv Vologda, ib tug monument tau tsa rau nws, thiab ib tug ntawm cov txoj kev tau tis npe rau tom qab nws.
