Lub pob zeb ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb muaj lub npe hu ua platforms (xws li homogeneous, ruaj khov blocks) thiab folded zones, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv hnub nyoog. Yog tias koj saib daim ntawv qhia tectonic ntawm lub ntiaj teb, koj tuaj yeem pom tias thaj chaw folding nyob tsis pub tshaj 20% ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo. Hercynian folding yog dab tsi? Nws lub sijhawm yog dab tsi? Thiab lub roob dab tsi tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm no ntawm tectogenesis? Peb tsab xov xwm yuav qhia txog qhov no.
Hercynian folding: qhov twg thiab thaum twg?
Tectogenesis - ib txheej ntawm tectonic txav thiab cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, tshwm sim tas li, nrog ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Muaj ob peb theem ntawm tectogenesis hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb: Baikal (qhov qub tshaj plaws), Caledonian, Hercynian, Mesozoic thiab Alpine (tus yau tshaj).
Hercynian folding yog ib lub sijhawm hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob roob hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lig Paleozoic, pib ntawm lub lem ntawm lub Devonian thiab Carboniferous (kwv yees li 350 lab lub xyoo dhau los) thiab xaus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Permian lub sij hawm (kwv yees li 250 lab xyoo dhau los). Lub npe ntawm lub folding yog txuam nrog lub thiaj li hu ua Hercynian hav zoov - ib tug array nyob rau hauv Central Europe. Tib qhov chaw ntawm Hercynian folding hauv geology feem ntau hu ua Hercynides.
Lub sijhawm no ntawm tectogenesis yog txuam nrog kev tsim cov roob loj nyob rau sab hnub poob, Central thiab yav qab teb Europe, Central thiab East Asia, Australia, nrog rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Africa (qhov twg - peb yuav qhia hauv qab no).
Lub Hercynian folding suav nrog ntau lub sijhawm ua tiav:
- Acadian (Mid Devonian).
- Breton (late Devonian).
- Sudetian (pib thiab nruab nrab ntawm Carboniferous).
- Asturian (ib nrab ntawm Carboniferous).
- Zaalskaya (Upper Carboniferous - ntxov Permian).
Hercynian folding: roob, ntau yam thiab ntxhia
Ntau cov roj deposits (hauv Canada, Iran, North America, thiab lwm yam) thiab thee (Donetsk, Pechora, Karaganda thiab lwm yam bass) yog txuam nrog lig Paleozoic sedimentary pob zeb. Los ntawm txoj kev, Carboniferous lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub geochronological nplai ntawm lub ntiaj teb bears lub npe no rau ib tug yog vim li cas. Geologists kuj koom nrog cov tsim ntawm cov nplua nuj deposits ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, kub, tin, platinum thiab lwm yam muaj nuj nqis hlau nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab Tien Shan nrog lub Hercynian era ntawm tectogenesis.
Txoj kev nyem ntawm Hercynian folding sib haum rau lub roob hauv qab nolub teb chaws thiab chaw:
- Appalachians.
- Ural Roob.
- Tien Shan.
- Kunlun.
- Altai.
- Sudet.
- Donetsk Ridge thiab lwm tus.
Ntau cov kab ntawm lub sijhawm no ntawm lub roob roob sab laug nyob rau sab qab teb Europe, tshwj xeeb ntawm Apennine, Iberian, Balkan Peninsulas. Nws kuj cuam tshuam thiab hloov cov qauv ntawm yav dhau los, Caledonian orogeny. Peb tab tom tham txog cov qauv ntawm Central Kazakhstan, sab qaum teb ntawm Transbaikalia thiab Mongolia. Feem ntau, kev faib tawm ntawm Hercynidae ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb yog qhia hauv daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no.
Ural Toj siab
Ural yog ib lub roob 2,000 km ntev thiab tsis pub tshaj 150 km dav. Txoj cai ciam teb ntawm Europe thiab Asia khiav raws nws sab hnub tuaj ko taw. Raws li thaj chaw, lub roob tau muab faib ua tsib ntu: Sab Qab Teb, Nruab Nrab, Northern, Subpolar thiab Polar Urals. Cov roob kuj qis, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Narodnaya Peak (1895 meters).
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub roob Ural pib thaum Devonian lig, thiab xaus rau hauv Triassic nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev txwv, pob zeb ntawm Paleozoic hnub nyoog tuaj rau saum npoo - limestones, dolomites, sandstones. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej ntawm cov pob zeb no feem ntau deformed heev, crumpled rau hauv quav thiab tawg los ntawm ruptures.
Lub roob Ural yog cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag ntawm cov zaub mov, feem ntau cov ore. Muaj ntau deposits ntawm tooj liab ores, bauxite, tin, roj, thee thiab roj. Lub plab ntawm Urals kuj muaj npe nrov rau ntau yamPob zeb diamond: emeralds, amethysts, jasper thiab malachite.
Appalachian Toj siab
Lwm tus qauv loj ntawm Hercynian era yog Appalachians. Lub roob system nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm North America, hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada. Nws yog ib lub toj siab me me nrog cov kwj ha dav thiab cov cim zoo ntawm cov glaciation. Qhov siab siab tshaj plaws - 2037 meters (Mount Mitchell).
Appalachians tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Permian hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm ob sab av loj (thaum lub sijhawm tsim Pangea). Sab qaum teb ntawm lub roob pib tsim nyob rau hauv Caledonian era ntawm folding, thiab sab qab teb - nyob rau hauv lub Hercynian. Lub ntsiab ntxhia nplua nuj ntawm lub roob Appalachian yog thee. Tag nrho cov mineral reserves ntawm no yog kwv yees li ntawm 1600 billion tons. Coal seams pw ntawm qhov tob tob (txog 650 meters) thiab npog los ntawm saum toj no los ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary ntawm Mesozoic thiab Cenozoic hnub nyoog.
