Cia peb tham txog yuav ua li cas sau ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem. Cov ncauj lus no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, vim nws yog lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau sau cov haujlwm no hauv ntau yam kev kawm. Ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim ywj pheej ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus lossis qhov chaw tshawb fawb.
Structure requirements
Sib tham txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo nkauj tsim ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem, ua ntej peb qhia txog cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv nws:
- nplooj ntawv;
- rooj lus;
- kev qhia;
- lub cev loj;
- xaus;
- xaus lus thiab cov lus pom zoo;
- bibliographic list;
- apps.
pib qhov twg?
Kev tsim ntawm nplooj ntawv npe ntawm qhov kev paub daws teeb meem yog ua raws li qee txoj cai. Cia peb nyob ntawm lawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv nws sab sauv, lub npe tag nrho ntawm lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm.
Tom qab ntawd lub ntsiab lus sau ua ntawv loj, ntu (qhia) uas cov khoom tsim yuav tsum tau qhia.
Tus tsim ntawm nplooj ntawv lub npe ntawm qhov kev paub daws teeb meem suav nrog cov lus qhia txog tus sau, tus saib xyuas. Rau qhov no, sab xis sab xis yog muab.daim ntawv.
Ntxiv mus rau hauv qhov chaw yog lub xyoo sau ua hauj lwm, lub nroog uas tus sau ua hauj lwm.
Yog tias ua haujlwm dhau los tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm theem nrab thiab qib siab, tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev, cov menyuam kawm ntawv zoo tib yam kuj ua haujlwm no.
Qhov raug thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsim ntawm nplooj ntawv npe ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau thawj qhov kev xav uas tus neeg soj ntsuam yuav muaj qhov paub daws teeb meem.
thawj nplooj tuaj yeem hu ua "lub ntsej muag" ntawm txoj haujlwm, ua pov thawj pom tseeb tias tus neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm tau ua li cas rau txoj haujlwm tau muab rau nws.
Tus kws qhia paub txog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib thawj nplooj ntawv ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov raug ntawm kev sau ntawv.
Sib tham txog yuav ua li cas tawm ib tsab ntawv, peb nco ntsoov tias nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub no uas lub siab xav, sijhawm, lub luag haujlwm, thiab lub hom phiaj yog tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Cov yam ntxwv zoo no yuav pab kom tus menyuam muaj kev vam meej, nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe, thiab hloov pauv hauv zej zog.
Yuav sau ntawv li cas rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv? Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim kev ua haujlwm rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lyceums, gymnasiums, technical schools, academies, universities.
Cov lus qhia
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas tawm qhov kev paub daws teeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm qib siab, cia peb tig mus rau GOST 7.32-2001. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv mob siab rau cov cai rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Ua ntej pib ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev sim ua, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeemlos ntawm daim ntawv no. Nws yuav tsis tsuas yog teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas tawm qhov kev paub daws teeb meem, tab sis kuj tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuam kev loj.
txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav cov haujlwm tiav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab cov ntawv sau. Raws li txoj cai, lawv yuav tsum yog:
- right – 10 mm;
- sab saum toj thiab hauv qab - 20 mm txhua;
- left - 30 mm.
Cov kev cai no siv rau cov ntawv sau classic, yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov kev cai ntxiv tsim hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Times New Roman font yog ib txwm nyob hauv kev tsim cov haujlwm. Yog tias cov ntawv tseem ceeb yog formatted hauv 12 lossis 14 pt, ces lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau tso cai rau nplooj ntawv lub npe, hauv qab, ntawv qaij.
Compound Cheebtsam
Conventionally, nplooj ntawv npe tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb ntu. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub tsev kawm ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv, cov kev qhuab qhia uas tau ua tiav yuav tsum tau qhia. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub ncauj lus, cheeb tsam kev tshawb fawb, yuav tsum haum rau tsib kab. Cov lus hais tsis raug tso cai rau ntawm nplooj ntawv npe.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus sau yog qhia nrog ob qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias noj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias qee lub tsev kawm ntawv tab tom sim qhia lawv tus kheej cov kev xav tau rau kev tsim cov nplooj ntawv lub npe ntawm qhov kev paub daws teeb meem, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov classic version yuav tsis yog superfluous rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv lossis cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Bibliography
Cia peb sim ua kom paub yuav ua li cas npaj cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv hauv kev paub daws teeb meem. Nws yog muab tso rau tom qab qhov tseem ceeb, cov lus xaus, xaus. Yog tias daim ntawv teev cov peev txheej siv los ntawm tus sau thaum sau ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem yog tsim raws li cov cai, qhov no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom uas tau nthuav tawm, ua rau muaj feem tau txais qib zoo.
Yuav ua li cas npaj ib daim ntawv teev cov lus qhia hauv kev paub daws teeb meem? Qhov teeb meem no muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm pib ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tshawb fawb.
Cia peb qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev sau cov ntawv teev npe:
- modern sources;
- lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Txhua qhov chaw uas tau teev tseg hauv cov ntawv teev npe yuav tsum tau hais hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm. Tus lej hauv qab uas phau ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyob rau hauv square brackets.
Thaum sau daim ntawv kawm tiav, daim ntawv teev lus, sau ntawv, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov ntawv sau, phau ntawv, phau ntawv hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tsom rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshawb fawb, cov ntawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua cov ntaub ntawv rau kev txheeb cais, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Yog tias muaj cov cai lossis kev cai lij choj hauv daim ntawv teev npe, lawv yuav tsum tau hais hauv cov ntawv.
Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, xaiv cov haujlwm uas yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab xav tau nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm paub daws teeb. Cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm txuj ci, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab xav tau los ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau cia,siv thaum sau ntawv scientific los yog tshuaj xyuas abstract.
GOST 7.1-2003 muaj tag nrho cov kev cai raws li cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv khoom suav sau. Ua ntej, cov kev cai lij choj, kev txiav txim, kev cai lij choj raug sau tseg. Tom qab ntawd lawv qhia tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm, uas tau teem rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim.
Cov ntawv nyeem yog qhia cov tsiaj ntawv, cov npe suav nrog cov lej Arabic. Tom qab ntawd muab ib lub dot, ua raws li qhov chaw, ces tus sau lub npe thiab lub npe sau cia. Tom qab ntawd lawv sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv, tus tshaj tawm, xyoo ntawm qhov teeb meem, tus lej ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Zoo kawg
Kom tau txais lub cim zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tiav, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem. Nplooj ntawv lub npe thiab cov phau ntawv teev lus yog cov ntu uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv txoj kev kawm.
