Thawj tus neeg uas pib kawm lus Askiv ntsej muag yog qhov nyuaj rau kev nyeem cov lus feem ntau. Ntawm qhov qhab nia no, muaj ntau qhov lus tso dag txawm tias cov neeg hais lus ib txwm muaj ntawm cov lus no, hais tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm cov neeg uas nws tsis yog haiv neeg. Ib tug Dutch linguist txawm sau ib zaj paj huam uas muaj qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lus Askiv phonetics - nws nyuaj rau nyeem nws yam tsis tau yuam kev txawm rau ib tug neeg uas paub lus zoo.
Tab sis kev tso dag yog lus tso dag, tab sis koj yuav tsum kawm kom paub cov lus kom raug. Cov cai rau kev nyeem ntawv Askiv pab nrog qhov no. Rau cov pib tshiab, lawv yuav nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm. Tau nkag siab lawv thiab kho qhov kev xav zoo nrog cov piv txwv, koj yuav pom ntau npaum li cas lawv yuav ua rau koj lub neej yooj yim dua.
Cov cai no yog dab tsi?
Yog tsis paub lawv, kev kawm nyeem yuav nyuaj. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem nco txog cov ntawv sau ntawm cov lus uas koj tuaj hla. Tab sis nyob rau hauv noYog tias muaj, koj lub peev xwm nyeem ntawv yuav raug txwv. Thiab yog hais tias muaj ib lo lus nrog lub hauv paus paub, tab sis ib tug suffix los yog prefix uas yog incomprehensible rau kev nyeem ntawv? Los yog lub npe tiag tiag? Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev ua yuam kev yog yam tsis muaj kev zam yog tias koj tsis paub cov cai rau kev nyeem ntawv Askiv. Rau cov pib tshiab, lawv tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim tias lawv tso cai rau koj nkag siab thiab nkag siab txog kev tsim cov lus ntawm txhua qib, pib nrog phonetics.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas nyeem cov suab sib txawv thiab lawv cov kev sib txuas, qhia lus Askiv li cas rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov kev tawm dag zog twg koj tuaj yeem siv los kawm nyeem nyeem thiab nco ntsoov cov cim sau tseg.
Nyeem ntawv consonants
Cia pib nrog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau qhov nyuaj. Feem ntau consonants nyob rau hauv lus Askiv txawv me ntsis los ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Tab sis tseem, qhov txawv yog xav. Feem ntau, cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- ib txwm hais khov kho;
- suab nrov tsis yog lag ntseg thaum kawg ntawm cov lus;
- tom qab lub suab [p, t, k] muaj pa, vim hais tias daim di ncauj nrawm dua li cov lus hauv Lavxias;
- the [w] suab hais nrog ob daim di ncauj;
- thaum hais lub suab [v], ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsuas yog daim di ncauj nkaus xwb;
- ntau lub suab [t, d, s, z, n, l, tʃ, dʒ] tau hais nrog lub ntsis ntawm tus nplaig kov lub alveoli, tsis yog cov hniav (raws li hauv lus Lavxias).
Nyeem vowels: 4 hom lus
Peb txuas ntxiv txheeb xyuas cov cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv Askiv. Rau beginners nrogpiv txwv zoo dua los nthuav qhia cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav pom meej tias yuav hais lub suab no lossis lub suab li cas.
Tsuas muaj rau tus tsiaj ntawv Askiv nkaus xwb, tab sis qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nyeem lawv yog vim muaj plaub hom lus sib txawv:
- qhib;
- kaw;
- vowel + r;
- vowel + r + vowel.
Cia peb txiav txim siab tag nrho, tsis txhob hnov qab cov piv txwv.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub suab lus qhib, lub suab yog nyeem raws li nws hu ua cov tsiaj ntawv: O yog nyeem li "ou (eu)", U yog nyeem raws li ntev "yu", thiab lwm yam tsab ntawv Y, uas yog pronounced li "ay". Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau li cas yog lub suab lus qhib? Nws yuav tsum xaus nrog lub suab, uas tuaj yeem yog:
- kawg ntawm lo lus monosyllabic (kuv, mus);
- thaum pib lossis nruab nrab (kev ua si, sijhawm, suab paj nruag);
- nej mus rau lwm tus vowel (suit).
Nyob rau hauv ib lub suab kaw uas xaus rau hauv ib tug consonant (qee zaum muab ob npaug rau), vowels raug txiav:
- Aa [æ] tig mus rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab [a] thiab [e], piv txwv li: miv, kua.
- Uu [ʌ] zoo ib yam li Lavxias teb sab suab [a], piv txwv li: roj hmab, dhia.
- Ii nyeem zoo li lub suab Lavxias luv [thiab], piv txwv li: zaum, ntiv tes.
- Ee [e] nyeem nrog lub suab [e], piv txwv li: cwj mem, qe.
- Oo [ɔ] yog nyeem nrog lub suab luv [o], piv txwv li: khw, hma.
- Yy nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum tau nyeem raws li lub suab luv [thiab], piv txwv li: paub tsis meej, dab neeg.
Qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas cov cai rau kev nyeem ntawv Askiv suav nrog raupib. Nrog kev tawm dag zog rau tag nrho 4 hom, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob maj, tab sis ua ntej, nws yog qhov zoo kom kawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus kaw thiab qhib cov lus. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua.
hom lus "vowel + r" nyeem raws li hauv qab no:
- -ar hais nrog lub suab ntev [aah];
- -los yog nyeem zoo li ntev [oooh];
- -ur, -ir, -er zoo ib yam li lub suab [o], tab sis tsuas yog hais los ntawm caj pas.
hom suab "vowel + r + vowel" hloov lub suab mus rau ib qho tshwj xeeb ob feem ntawm lus Askiv phonetics - diphthong:
- Aa nyeem [ɛə], piv txwv: twv.
- Ee nyeem [iə], piv txwv: mere.
- Ii nyeem [aiə], piv txwv: hluav taws.
- Uu nyeem [juə], piv txwv: kho.
- Yy nyeem [aiə], piv txwv: log.
Qhov kev zam yog tsab ntawv Oo, uas nyob rau hauv plaub hom lus tsis yog nyeem ua diphthong, tab sis tsuas yog ntev [ɔ:]. Piv txwv li: ntau.
Nyeem tsab ntawv ua ke
Cov cai nyeem lus Askiv (rau cov neeg pib thiab cov neeg kawm qib siab) ua tsis tau yam tsis tau piav qhia ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus thiab cov lus. Wb pib nrog thawj.
Kev sib txuas wr thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus: suab [w] tsis hais. Piv txwv li: sau, dab teg, tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm wh thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus: lub suab [h] tsis hais. Piv txwv li: vim li cas, dab tsi, dawb. Tab sis muaj ib qho kev zam ntawm no: yog -wh yog ua raws li tsab ntawv -o, ces lub suab [w] "tawm" thaum nyeem ntawv. Qhov no yog li cas cov lus suab: leej twg, tag nrho, nws thiab lwm tus.
Hauv tsab ntawv sib txuas kn thiab gn thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus: tsuas yog lub suab [n] nyeem. Piv txwv li: knot, gnat.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lo lus zoo li lub suab [ŋ],pronounced los ntawm lub qhov ntswg (mus), thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lo lus - tsuas yog [ŋg], piv txwv li: tshaib plab, singer.
Kev sib xyaw ch nyeem [tʃ], zoo li Lavxias lub suab [h '], mos. Piv txwv li: cheese, kws qhia.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm sh muab lub suab [ʃ], zoo ib yam li Lavxias [sh] hauv kev hais lus mos. Piv txwv li: nws, thawb.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntawv qu yog nyeem [kw], piv txwv li: huab tais, heev.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb -peb nyeem [ə]: xim, nyiam.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke -ous ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov lus yuav tsum tau nyeem [əs]: txaus ntshai, nto moo.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv -sion tom qab ib tus neeg hais lus [ʃn], piv txwv li: lub luag haujlwm. Thiab tom qab lub suab vowel yog voiced rau [ʒn], piv txwv li: kev txiav txim.
Ua ntej e, i, y: C yog pronounced [s], G yog pronounced [dʒ]. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, nws nyeem zoo li no: C - [k], G - [g]. Sib piv: cell - miv, gym - game.
Vwj ua ke: -ee, zoo li -ea muab lub suab ntev [i:], kev sib xyaw -ai nyeem [ai], kev ua ke -oo muab lub suab ntev [u:]. Piv txwv li: muv, foob, hli.
Muaj tseeb, qee zaum muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, ntshav: nyob rau hauv lo lus no, ob O yog nyeem raws li lub suab [ʌ]. Tab sis muaj ob peb cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Lawv yooj yim rau nco qab thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv Askiv.
Rau cov pib
Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, kev piav qhia ntawm cov cai yuav txawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas "English" yuav kawm paub zoo yog tias lawv tau nthuav tawm nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si thiab zaj dab neeg. Piv txwv li, koj ua taupiav txog hom 1 thiab 2 ntawm kev nyeem ntawv raws li "qhib" thiab "kaw" qhov rooj, qhov twg thawj zaug cov tsiaj ntawv xav tias dawb thiab qw lawv lub npe (los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv) nrov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lawv yuav luag inaudible. Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem sau ib hom kab lus dab neeg thiab qhia rau koj tus menyuam. Lub ntsiab lus sib tham tuaj yeem ua haujlwm: kom "tsis pom zoo" cov lus los ntawm kev nyeem lawv kom raug. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua thiab nthuav ntxiv kom nco txog cov cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv Askiv.
rau tsev kawm ntawv theem qis
Cov lus me hauv qab no suav nrog cov cai rau kev nyeem cov vowels hauv ob hom lus. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm tus me nyuam uas tsis paub txog kev sau ntawv, ib sab ntawm lub suab yog muab tso rau kwv yees li nws nyeem ntawv, sau ua ntawv Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, lub rooj yuav tsum tau nyeem nrov nrov ua ke nrog cov neeg laus uas paub hom lus: koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib seb tib tsab ntawv coj li cas nyob rau hauv ntau hom lus, thiab nkag siab txog cov lus qhia piv txwv.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib feem ntau raug nug kom kawm cov ntawv sau hauv tsev. Koj tuaj yeem ua ib daim npav thiab ua haujlwm zoo li no: koj nyeem ib lo lus luv luv uas muaj lub suab nrov, thiab tus menyuam pom daim npav nrog nws lub npe. Hauv kev ua haujlwm pab pawg, txhua tus yuav tsum muaj lawv tus kheej teeb.
Read tsis hesitation
Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj nco tau cov cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv Askiv sai dua thiab zoo dua? Rau cov pib tshiab, kev tawm dag zog yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua ke 2 hom kev ua ub no: mloog cov qauv thiab nyeem ntawm koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev notuaj yeem dhuav sai sai, yog li nws yuav zoo rau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si thiab kev sib tw. Piv txwv li, coj ob lub npe sib txawv ntawm cov lus sib txawv - ib qho rau koj, ib qho rau ib tug phooj ywg - thiab xyuas seb leej twg yuav nyeem tau sai dua thiab muaj tsawg dua qhov yuam kev. Cov kev xaiv kev ua si tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no: siv cov ntawv sib xyaw nrog cov lus ib leeg thiab cov cim hloov pauv, nrhiav thiab teeb tsa qhov sib tw.
Leej twg xav tau kev nyeem ntawv ua lus Askiv? Rau cov pib kawm nws (nws mus yam tsis tau hais), rau cov uas txuas ntxiv - sim lawv tus kheej, thiab rau cov uas tsis nco qab - nco txog kev paub uas tsis tau siv ntev.
