Lub suab paj nruag ntawm USSR tau txuas nrog cov kev coj noj coj ua yav dhau los. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm no txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej kos duab zoo nkauj: kev ua pej xeem, kev saib xyuas thiab kev hwm rau kab lis kev cai, kev ywj pheej, kev ncaj ncees rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej, tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kos duab tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm tog ntsuj plig, kev tsim lub koom txoos hauv zej zog, kev paub txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Suab paj nruag thiab cov kws sau nkauj koom nrog lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig.
Academic music
Lub suab paj nruag, classical thiab symphonic ntawm Soviet Union tau los ntawm kev hloov pauv kev sim ntawm xyoo 1920 mus rau kev kawm txuj ci ntawm Stalin lub sijhawm. Cov npe ntawm Soviet composers uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv classical ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj xws li Sergei Prokofiev, Georgy Sviridov, Aram Khachaturian, Dmitry Kabalevsky, Dmitry Shostakovich Karu Karaev thiab lwm tus.
Kev kawm suab paj nruag rau pej xeem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau lwm tus neeg txawj ntse tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub 60s, composers txuam nrog avant-garde txav pib tshwm. Ntawm lawv yog Alfred Schnittke, Galina Ustvolskaya, Nikolai Karetnikov.
Music of Soviet xinesmas
Ntau zaus, suab paj nruag thiab nkauj tau txais koob meej los ntawm kev sau nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nrov. "Teeb" composers ntawm lub USSR kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv sau xws li compositions, piv txwv li, S. Prokofiev sau suab paj nruag rau Eisenstein lub keeb kwm epics. Cov suab paj nruag rau G. Aleksandov cov yeeb yaj kiab tau sau los ntawm Isaak Dunayevsky, uas tau ua haujlwm ntau yam - los ntawm "kev ua haujlwm" taug kev mus rau jazz trendy.
"Lub sijhawm ntawm stagnation" tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv hauv USSR. Cov npe ntawm Alexander Zatsepin ("Cov neeg raug txim ntawm Caucasus", "Ivan Vasilievich hloov txoj haujlwm", "Pob zeb Hand"), Makael Tariverdiev ("Seventeen Moments of Spring", "Irony of Fate … "), Vladimir Dashkevich (" Sherlock Holmes”), Maxim Dunayevsky ("Mary Poppins, goodbye!", "Midshipmen, forward!") thiab lwm yam.
Txij li xyoo 70s, suab paj nruag hluav taws xob tau txais kev nyiam. Tus pioneer ntawm Soviet electronics yog zaj duab xis composer Eduard Artemiev, uas yog paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws sci-fi films Andrei Tarkovsky. Interestingly, nws compositions nyob rau hauv lub ambient ib hom ntawv nyeem (ib tug style raws li suab timbre modulations) tshwm sim ua ntej lub sij hawm tau coined nyob rau hauv 1978.
cais qeb - nkauj los ntawm cartoons thiab zaj duab xis raucov me nyuam uas tau sau rau ib qho yooj yim catchy melodies. Cov kws sau nkauj nrov ntawm USSR uas tau sau rau cov menyuam yaus yog: Alexei Rybnikov ("Hais Txog Me Me Liab Caij Hood", "The Adventures of Pinocchio"), Grigory Gladkov ("Plasticine Crow"), Gennady Gladkov ("Yuav ua li cas tus tsov ntxhuav thiab vaub kib Sang. ib zaj nkauj”, “Lub Bremen Town Musicians”) thiab lwm yam.
Sergei Prokofiev
Zaj dab neeg symphonic "Peter thiab Hma", lub suab paj nruag melancholy No. 7 thiab tus neeg ntaus pob "Romeo thiab Juliet" los ntawm Sergei Prokofiev suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm ntiaj teb masterpieces. Yav tom ntej Soviet composer zaum ntawm piano thawj zaug thaum muaj tsib xyoos. Nws niam tau koom nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob, uas paub yuav ua li cas ntaus piano zoo, yog li tus me nyuam pib qhia qhov ntsuas. Nws yog nws uas sau cov me nyuam tej hauj lwm ntawm Sergei Prokofiev. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, nws muaj cov npe zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus sau cov ntawv sau, suav nrog ob qho kev ua yeeb yam.
Raws li ib tug tub hluas, ib tug tub hluas uas txawj ntse tau mus rau St. Petersburg thiab nkag mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov chaw uas nws kawm tiav ua pianist, composer thiab organist. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau mus rau Nyiv mus nrhiav kev tso cai los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe, nws pib ncig xyuas, ua nws cov haujlwm. Txhua qhov chaw Sergei Prokofiev tau ua tiav zoo.
Txij thaum xyoo 1936, tus kws sau nkauj tau nyob hauv Moscow nrog nws tus poj niam, tus ntxhais ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias, uas nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv kev ncig xyuas tebchaws Spain, thiab ob tug menyuam. Tom qab kev tsov rog tshwm sim, Sergei Prokofiev xa nws cov txheeb ze mus rau kev khiav tawm, thaum nws tus kheej nyob nyias. Nws tsis tsiv nrog nws tus poj niam lawm, vim nws ntsib tus hluas Mira Mendelssohn (ntxhaisyog 24 xyoo yau dua Prokofiev).
Tus neeg sau kev noj qab haus huv twb tsis muaj zog heev los ntawm 40s. Nws xyaum tsis mus dhau lub dacha ze Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws tau soj ntsuam nruj tswj hwm, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm. Sergei Prokofiev ib txhij sau ib tug symphony, ib tug ballet thiab ib tug sonata. Tus nto moo composer ntawm lub USSR siv lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv ib tug communal chav tsev nyob rau hauv lub peev. Nws nyob ntawd uas nws tuag vim muaj kev kub ntxhov rau lub Peb Hlis 5, 1953.
Sergei Rachmaninov
Tus txiv neej uas muaj koob muaj npe tau dhau los ua lub cim tiag tiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thoob plaws ntiaj teb. S. Rachmaninoff tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg suab paj nruag: nws yawg tau kawm nrog John Field, tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus kws qhia paub zoo hauv tebchaws Russia, nws txiv nyiam ua suab paj nruag, tab sis tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Thawj tus kws qhia suab paj nruag rau Sergei Rachmaninov yog nws niam, tus ntxhais ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Arakcheevsky Cadet Corps, Pyotr Butakov.
Tus tub hluas kawm ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm V. Demyansky, nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog Nikolai Zverev, ib tug naas ej xib fwb, thiab nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm A. Siloti, nws tus kwv tij, uas tau los ua ib tug nto moo Moscow. pianist. Rau nws daim ntawv pov thawj ua haujlwm (Opera Aleko) Sergei Rachmaninoff tau txais Grand Gold Medal thiab tsib-ntxiv-peb qhov kev ntaus nqi los ntawm Pyotr Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky pom zoo kom ua yeeb yam hauv Bolshoi Theatre.
Hluas Rachmaninoff tau paub rau pej xeem Moscow ua tus kws tshaj lij, pianist thiab tus kws sau nkauj. Nws tau mus nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj rau Canada thiab Asmeskas, Tebchaws Europe, ua tus thawj coj ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, coj tus kws tshaj lij kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev tshaj tawm suab paj nruag.
Tom qab kiv puag ncig hauv tebchaws RussiaRachmaninoff tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Nws tsis kam lees lub hwj chim los ntawm Soviet, tab sis nws tsis nyob twj ywm indifferent rau nws compatriots, yog li ntawd nws tau xa nyiaj los ntawm lub concerts rau lub USSR Defense Fund thiab Red Army Fund. Nrog rau cov nyiaj no, ib lub dav hlau tub rog tau tsim hauv USSR. Tus composer tuag nyob rau hauv 1943. Nws mob siab rau nws txoj kev hu nws txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg. Rachmaninoff muab nws qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj kawg ib hlis thiab ib nrab ua ntej nws tuag.
Alexander Zatsepin
Tus kws sau nkauj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm USSR thiab Russia, tus kws sau nkauj thiab suab paj nruag nrov tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb yaj kiab, tau txawj ntau yam thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus. Tsuas yog thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv muaj hnub nyoog xwb tus tub hluas pib mloog ntau dua rau cov nkauj. Nws kawm ua si accordion, clarinet thiab balalaika, thaum ua tub rog nws ua yeeb yam hauv Nkauj thiab Dance Ensemble.
Tom qab demobilization, Alexander Zatsepin raug caw mus rau Novosibirsk Philharmonic. Thaum lub xyoo nws mus ncig Siberia, tab sis pom tau hais tias nws tsis muaj kev kawm suab paj nruag rau kev txhim kho ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd Alexander Zatsepin sim xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, tab sis nws tau raug qhia kom mus ncaj nraim mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Zatsepin tau txais, xibfwb Brusilovsky los ua nws tus kws qhia.
Isaac Dunayevsky
Tus sau ntawm USSR (duab hauv qab no) Isaak Dunayevsky tau ua lub neej luv luv. Hauv qee lub voj voog lawv hu ua Dunya, luv luv lub npe zoo nkauj tab sis ntev. Thaum nws muaj 55 xyoos, nws tau tso tseg cov keeb kwm muaj tswv yim tseem ceeb: ballets, operettas, suab paj nruag rau yeeb yaj kiab thiab ua yeeb yam, ntau zaj nkauj. Lub USSR composer ua nws debut nyob rau hauv 1920 raws litheatre composer, nws sau nkauj rau Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Figaro.
Lub koob meej tiag tiag tuaj rau Isaac Dunayevsky tom qab ntsib nrog tus thawj coj G. Alexandrov. Ob tug neeg txawj ntse no tau los ua tus tsim ntawm lub suab paj nruag xinesmas - ib hom ntawv tshiab hauv Soviet xinesmas. Cov suab paj nruag nto moo ntawm USSR Isaak Dunayevsky suab nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj duab "Kuban Cossacks", "Kuv Hlub", "Rich Bride", "Nrhiav Captain Grant" (1986, S. Govorukhin), "Cov me nyuam ntawm Captain Grant.”thiab lwm tus.
YVladimir Vysotsky
Nws yog ib tug kws sau paj lug, ua yeeb yam thiab sau nkauj, thiab kuj yog tus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Hamlets. Nws ua si hauv theatre thiab xinesmas, sau ntawv nkag mus rau tus sau phau ntawv. Vysotsky tau sau li no kom tag nrho lub tebchaws nkag siab thiab hlub nws txoj haujlwm. Tus sau zaj paj huam tau muab txhais ua 200 yam lus hauv ntiaj teb no. Raws li ib tug composer, nws thawj zaug ntaus piano, ces lub accordion. Nws tsis muaj guitar tam sim ntawd. Vysotsky nws tus kheej tau hais tias thaum xub thawj nws tsuas yog ntaus lub suab ntawm lub guitar thiab hu nws tus kheej lossis lwm tus neeg cov paj huam.
