Lub tswvyim ntawm orthoepy yog paub rau txhua leej txhua tus los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Lub koom haum no yog dab tsi? orthoepy kawm dab tsi? Cov lus nug no thiab lwm cov lus nug yuav raug teb hauv qab no.
Lub tswvyim ntawm orthoepy
Lo lus "orthoepy" muaj Greek keeb kwm thiab txhais tau tias "muaj peev xwm hais tau raug". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus paub tias lo lus muaj ob lub ntsiab lus. Thawj - raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov lus, qhov thib ob - cuam tshuam nrog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, lub hom phiaj yog los kawm cov cai ntawm kev hais lus.
Txoj kev tag nrho ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "orthoepy" tsis tau tsim los txog tam sim no. Coob tus neeg txhais lus txhais cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav dav dav, thiab yog li kev tsis meej pem yuav tshwm sim hauv cov kws tshaj lij. Raws li txoj cai, cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus, grammatical cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cai tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lo lus. Cov qauv ntawm orthoepy tsim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov tseeb hais lus ntawm tej lo lus thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov lus.
Section of orthoepy
NyobNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias orthoepy yog ib ceg ntawm phonetics - ib lub tuam tsev ntawm kev hais lus tsom rau kev kawm lub suab tsim ntawm ib hom lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, orthoepy npog yuav luag tag nrho lub suab ntawm cov lus.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm orthoepy yog cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus. Qhov "norm" yog dab tsi? Txhua tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev hais lus pom zoo tias qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog raug hu ua tus qauv ntawm cov lus, uas ua tiav tag nrho nrog cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus Lavxias.
Cov ntu hauv qab no ntawm orthoepy raws li kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- hais lus qiv los ntawm lwm hom lus;
- yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus;
- yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm qee hom qauv sau ntawv;
- hais tus vowels los yog consonants raws li tus qauv.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua ntu uas tau nthuav tawm tsuas yog tsim lub tswv yim ntawm orthoepy.
Orthoepic norms
Orthoepic cov cai, lossis, raws li lawv kuj hu ua, hais lus cov qauv, tsim tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub thiab tsim nyog tsuas yog ua haujlwm rau kev nyeem ntawv, lus Lavxias. Ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab kab lis kev cai yeej ib txwm siv cov qauv sau ntawv hauv nws cov lus. Ua tsaug rau qee cov cai rau kev hais lus ntawm qee lub suab, kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm tib neeg tau tsim.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nrog rau cov qauv orthoepic muaj cov qauv grammatic althiab sau ntawv. Yog tias tib neeg hais qee cov lus sib txawv, peb yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab ib leeg lossis xa cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov lus hais ntawm tus neeg sib tham, kom nkag siab cov lus ntawm qhov ncauj, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov qauv orthoepic.
Tau kawg, lub sijhawm dhau los, tib neeg tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov cai tsim tawm ntawm kev hais lus. Tsuas yog cov neeg nyeem ntawv uas muaj kev kawm zoo tiag tiag sim tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv orthoepic.
Lub hom phiaj, cov haujlwm thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm orthoepy
orthoepy kawm dab tsi? Cov lus teb twb tau muab rau saum toj no - qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab thiab muaj peev xwm tso qhov kev ntxhov siab. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tib yam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm ntu ntawm kev hais lus raws li kev xav. Feem ntau peb hnov cov lus hais tsis raug. Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob lo lus "txoj kev hauv tsev" ntau tus neeg hais tias "kolidor", es tsis txhob " quav" - "tubaret", thiab lwm yam. Cov dej num ntawm orthoepic science muaj xws li kev qhia cov classical, literate pronunciation ntawm cov lus.
Txoj kev txhaum ntawm kev hais lus tsis raug yog cov neeg laus lossis cov neeg zej zog. Nws yuav zoo li, dab tsi tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem ntawm no? Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob hauv cov tsev neeg no feem ntau siv cov lus hais tsis raug. Tab sis tsis ncaj ncees lawm, distorted hais lus yeej tsis tau nyob rau hauv vogue. Qhov no yog qhov kev kawm ntawm orthoepy hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau ua. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev paub txog cov lus sau, uas niaj hnub no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw: tsis yog hauv kev nom kev tswv, lossis kev lag luam, lossis lwm yam.kev taw qhia ua haujlwm.
Tus nqi ntawm orthoepy yog li zoo kawg li: ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb no kho cov lus thiab pab tsim kom muaj peev xwm, lus Lavxias.
Styles of orthoepy
Tau nrog cov lus nug ntawm vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum kawm orthoepy, nws tsim nyog mus rau qhov tsis muaj teeb meem tseem ceeb. Lawv txhawj txog qhov stylization ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev hais lus.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj li hu ua kev hais lus? Orthoepy yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb dav heev, niaj hnub hloov mus rau qhov tseeb uas twb muaj lawm. Nws yooj yim lees txais cov tsos ntawm neologisms raws li qhov muab, vim tias tsuas muaj tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem nruj lossis dogmas ntawm no. Tias yog vim li cas ntau tus kws tshaj lij sim coj los ntawm kev faib tshwj xeeb, raws li cov qauv orthoepic tau muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb:
- hais lus. Yog tias nws tau ua raws li tag nrho cov cai tsim nyog, ces nws tsis txwv kev siv, thiab txawm tias tsim nyog;
- lus qhuab qhia. Nws yog ib hom lus nruj heev, txwv tsis pub siv ntau cov lus hais. Nws raug txheeb xyuas nruj me ntsis, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus.
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev hais lus txawv qee lwm pab pawg.
Orthoepic rules
Nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog qee txoj cai, yam tsis muaj qhov chaw orthoepic ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog tsis muaj. Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi orthoepy kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau qhov twg ntawm cov lus nws cuam tshuam, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib rau ntau yam.cov cai tshwj xeeb.
Txhua yam kev sau ntawv orthoepic tau muab faib ua ob hom:
- txoj cai rau kev hais lus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv lossis cov vowels ("com[p]yuter", "[t'e]rmin", thiab lwm yam);
- txoj cai kev ntxhov siab ("hu", "oblige", thiab lwm yam).
Dab tsi yog orthoepy kawm, nws yog dab tsi? Rau ib qho kev cai orthoepic, cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no yog cov yam ntxwv:
- variability;
- sustainability;
- compulsory;
- ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua.
tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov, cov cai ntawm kev hais lus tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntau pua xyoo. Lawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab lus. Orthoepic cov qauv tsis yog tsim los ntawm cov kws paub lus Askiv. Cov kws tshawb fawb no muaj peev xwm tswj tau lawv.
hais lus consonants
Tom tau hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb orthoepy, nrog rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau xav tau rau, nws tsim nyog thaum kawg them rau qee yam tshwj xeeb. Yuav hais li cas txog kev hais lus ntawm consonants nyob rau hauv orthoepic seem ntawm linguistics? Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog ob peb txoj cai yooj yim:
- hauv Lavxias, tau ntev tau muaj kev nyiam rau lub suab [ch] thiab [shn] sib txuas: tau kawg, tho txawv, ntawm lub hom phiaj, thiab lwm yam;
- pronunciation of solid [zh] hloov [zzh] - Kuv tsav, squeal, txaws, thiab lwm yam;
- sound [w] feem ntau siv rau hauv qee lo lus nrog kev sib xyaw [th]: dab tsi, rau thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog cov cai uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qhov zoo tshaj plawspiav qhia cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm vim li cas orthoepy thiaj li xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov cai hais txog lwm cov cai rau kev teeb tsa cov lus. Yuav ua li cas hais txog lub suab?
hais lus vowels
Tag nrho cov qauv hauv orthoepy yog tsim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm phonetic qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub suab suab, nws yog tsim nyog hais txog, piv txwv li, cov kev cai rau pronouncing [o] los yog [e] tom qab mos consonants (peb tab tom tham txog lub unjustified prounciation ntawm tsab ntawv Y: dej khov, maneuvers, guardianship, tswm ciab, thiab lwm yam), nrog rau kev nyuaj xaiv ib lub suab tom qab sib sib zog nqus.
Yog li, lo lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum kawm orthoepy tam sim ntawd ploj tom qab qhia txog cov cai yooj yim thiab cov piv txwv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm qee cov lus.
