Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov yog tus kws sau keeb kwm Soviet zoo tshaj uas nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tej hauj lwm tau muab txhais ua lus Askiv, Fabkis, German, Romanian thiab lwm yam lus. Nws tau koom nrog cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb, tau qhia hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab muaj koob npe, sau phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv luam tawm. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev pabcuam kev qhuab qhia. Hauv qab no yog ib tug luv luv biography ntawm Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov.
Tus kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb yav tom ntej tau yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 31, 1893 hauv tsev neeg bourgeois. Nws txiv yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm. Cov nyiaj tau los tsawg, thiab tsev neeg nyob hauv kev txom nyem. Nyob rau hauv 1902-1911, Mikhail Tikhomirov kawm nyob rau hauv lub Imperial Commercial School. Kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ib tug tub hluas uas txawj ntse thaum lub sijhawm no ntawm nws lub neej muaj tus kws qhia keeb kwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv - Boris Dmitrievich Grekov.
Nyob rau hauv 1917, Tikhomirov kawm tiav los ntawm cov keeb kwm department ntawm Moscow University. Nws cov xib hwb yogCov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws S. V. Bakhrushin, R. Yu. Vipper, M. K. Lyubavsky, M. M. Bogoslovsky. Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Sergei Vladimirovich Bakhrushin, Tikhomirov tau sau nws txoj haujlwm kawg ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Pskov ntxeev siab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th." Tom qab ntawd, Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov ua tiav txoj kev tshawb no thiab luam tawm ib daim ntawv teev npe, uas nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Cov Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Kev qhia ua haujlwm
Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm, Mikhail Nikolaevich hloov chaw ua haujlwm thiab sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nws coj lub koom haum ntawm lub zos keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Dmitrov, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Ilyinsky, qhia paleography ntawm lub University of Saratov, yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab koom tes nrog lub Department of Manuscripts ntawm lub State Historical Museum.
Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Tikhomirov pib qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Moscow. Tom qab sau nws tus kws kho mob dissertation ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm Russkaya Pravda, Tikhomirov tau txais ib tug kws kho mob nyob rau hauv keeb kwm sciences. Nyob rau hauv 1945-1947 nws tuav lub Honorary txoj hauj lwm ntawm Dean ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Moscow State University.
Tikhomirov nyiam kev hlub thiab kev hwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov npoj yaig. Nws xav tau ntau dhau thiab npau taws sai, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ua tus kws qhia zoo thiab ua tus qauv rau cov kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab, Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov nrog nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb
Tikhomirov cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm thaum ntxov thiab tsim feudalism hauv Lavxias lub xeev thiab keeb kwmXVIII thiab XIX centuries. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv nws tej hauj lwm, kev saib xyuas yog them rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv chav kawm.
Keeb kwm ntawm pawg neeg ntawm lub sijhawm feudal tau los ua thawj lub ntsiab lus tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Tshaj tawm tej hauj lwm "Pskov uprising ntawm 1650", "Novgorod uprising ntawm 1650", ib tug loj-scale generalizing ua hauj lwm "Peasant thiab nroog uprisings nyob rau hauv Russia XI-XIII centuries". Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ntsiab lus no, Tikhomirov tau los xaus lus tias cov neeg coob coob yog tus tsav tsheb tom qab kev nce qib keeb kwm.
Qhov teeb meem thib ob, uas yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntau, yog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog medieval. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tias txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov nroog Lavxias, lawv tau coj los ua cov chaw lag luam thiab khoom siv tes ua ib txhij nrog cov nroog European. Cov lus no tau lees paub tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm Ancient Russia uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thiab tso cai rau peb saib tshiab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws.
Tikhomirov kuj tau kawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv, ethnogenesis ntawm Kazan Tatars, kev sib txuas ntawm Ancient Russia nrog Byzantium, thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm kawm. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Nikolayevich Tikhomirov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm thiab yuav tsis poob lawv qhov tseeb.
Kev txhim kho cov teeb meem ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb
Tikhomirov qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Russkaya Pravda tau hloov pauv cov kev xav yav dhau los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev qub Lavxias. Tikhomirov ua pov thawj tiasCov tsos ntawm lub chaw kho mob ntawm Russkaya Pravda yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv zej zog. Ntau txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm "Variious Truth". Mikhail Nikolayevich tswj kom tsim ib hnub thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm lub monument.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940, Tikhomirov tau luam tawm cov chav kawm "Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Keeb Kwm ntawm USSR los ntawm Ancient Times mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th", uas suav nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau rau lub sijhawm teev tseg.
Kev pab ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb rau kev tshawb fawb
Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb, tus kws sau keeb kwm Soviet Mikhail Tikhomirov tau sau ntau dua 300 qhov haujlwm ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm lub tebchaws keeb kwm. Nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog Lavxias thaum ub, kev txav chaw nrov ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm 11-17th centuries, kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm txog keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub Soviet Union. Union.
Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov coj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis paub, thiab tseem tau pib tsim cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis tshua muaj uas tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm USSR.
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom teb cov lus nug ntawm thaum twg lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet codicology yuav tsum tau nteg, yog hais tias tsis yog rau cov fruitful kev ua si ntawm Tikhomirov. Nws tej hauj lwm kev tshawb fawb tau pab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, uas yog cov kev kawm ntawm cov phau ntawv sau tes.
