Mercury chloride (sublimate): tau txais, khoom thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 17:48

Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia tias cov tshuaj mercury yog cov tshuaj lom thiab lom heev. Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, lawv raug txwv tsis pub siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce feem ntau, thiab hauv Canada lawv tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj rau kev tsim cov xim, fungicides, plastics, nrog rau cov tshuaj thiab thev naus laus zis. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm no yog mercury (II) chloride, uas paub zoo dua los ntawm nws lub npe thib ob - sublimate. Cia wb mus saib qhov txuas no.

Formula thiab properties

Mercury chloride 2-valent yog xaiv HgCl₂. Cov tshuaj no yog cov hmoov dawb crystalline hmoov. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 277˚С, nws pib yaj, thiab ntawm 304˚С, nws pib boil. Raws li ib txwm muaj (25˚C), nws qhov ceev yog 5.43 g / cm ³. Mercury chloride sublimes yooj yim, nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Solubility ntawm sublimate hauv dej feem ntau nyob ntawm nws qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li, ntawm 20 ° C, daim duab no tsuas yog 6.6%, tab sis nws tsim nyog nqa dej mus rau ib lub rhaub (100 ° C) thiab nws nce mus txog 58.3%. Tsis tas li ntawd, mercury chloride tuaj yeem yaj hauv ether, acids, pyridine; nyob rau hauv NaCl tov, cov txheej txheem no yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm complex compounds. Raws li cov electrolyte, HgCl₂ yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau nruab hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov organic tebchaw, cov tshuaj no yog yooj yim txo mus rau monovalent chloride Hg₂Cl_{2 (calomel) thiab hlau mercury.}

Tau txais

Nyob rau hauv qhov ntau, mercury (II) chloride yog tam sim no tsim los ntawm ncaj qha synthesis los ntawm mercury thiab chlorine. Qhov thib ob txoj kev kom tau txais sublimate yog kom yaj HgO nyob rau hauv concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Hauv kev xyaum, nws yog siv tsawg zaus, feem ntau nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sim hauv chav kuaj. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, mercury yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug huab cua ntawm chlorine mus rau ib tug heev kub (kwv yees li 340 ° C), tom qab uas nws ignites thiab burns tawm nrog tsim ib tug xiav-dawb nplaim. Qhov tshwm sim vapors thicken thaum lawv txias thiab, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuab tsim khoom, tsim cov hmoov zoo los yog cov khoom khov.

Daim ntawv thov

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias mercuric chloride yog thawj Hg-raws li cov khoom siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, sublimate yog qhov ua tau zoo, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws zoo heevtshuaj lom. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav absorbed los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias thiab accumulate nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yav dhau los, thaum tib neeg tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov txaus ntshai los ntawm mercury chloride, nws tau siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tam sim no hauv tshuaj nws tau siv ntau dua rau kev tua kab mob ntawm cov khaub ncaws, ris tsho hauv qab, cov khoom tu neeg mob, thiab lwm yam. Txij li cov tshuaj no muaj tshuaj lom heev, nws cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau yog xim tshwj xeeb kom nws tsis txhob yuam kev nrog lwm cov tshuaj.

Hauv kev lag luam, mercury chloride yog siv hauv electroforming, khaws cia ntoo, thermal metallization thiab bronzing. Sublimate yog siv rau kev tsim cov roj teeb, pleev xim rau hauv qab dej ntawm lub hulls ntawm marine nkoj. Nws yog siv rau hauv tawv tanning, lithography, yees duab, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam.