Qhov kev tsov rog no, raws li ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm, yog thawj zaug los ntawm Russia mus rau sab qab teb ciam teb thiab tsim cov neeg Lavxias nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Bosporus, kev sim ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej tag nrho Slavic thaj av los ntawm cov tsis muaj zog Turkish quab yuam. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine nyob rau hauv 1654 tsis tau coj txoj kev kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Cov Ottoman thiab Poles xav txeeb lawv daim ncuav qab zib, yog li cov pej xeem ntawm Right-Bank thiab Left-Bank Ukraine tsis paub kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb los ntawm Poland lossis los ntawm Ottoman Empire.
Thiab Cossacks tsis tu ncua qhia lawv qhov tsis txaus siab nrog Pereyaslav daim ntawv cog lus. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1667, Andrusovo kev sib tw (rau 13.5 xyoo) tau xaus kev tsov rog ntawm Russia thiab Poland. Raws li qhov kev pom zoo, Left Bank tseem nyob rau Lavxias teb sab Tsar, thiab sab xis-Bank ib feem ntawm Ukraine - rau Poland. Kiev yuav tsum yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis tsuas yog 2 xyoos. Qaib ntxhw tau mob siab rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Poland thiab Moscow thiab tau txais kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Right-Bank Ukraine, nyob rau hauv qhov no nws tau pab los ntawm lub siab nyiam hetman Petro Doroshenko, uas tau tshaj tawm rov qab rau xyoo 1669 kev hloov ntawm Ukraine mus rau Ottoman pej xeem.faj tim teb chaws.
Tom tau tsim lawv tus kheej nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Mev Russia, cov Turks, ua ke nrog Crimean Tatars, unceremoniously pib hem ob Polish thiab Ukrainian thaj chaw, uas tsis tuaj yeem tab sis ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tub rog. Doroshenko, uas nrhiav kev los tuav lub hwj chim ntawm tag nrho cov Ukraine, openly fomented ib tug pej xeem tsov rog. Tau nyob hauv Chigirin, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj, nws pheej tawm tsam Me Me Lavxias teb sab Cossacks.
Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim, uas xyoo 1672 tau nce mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov Turks thiab lawv cov vassals ntawm Crimean Tatars ntawm Lub Tebchaws. Kev tawm tsam Turkish tau xaus nrog kev sib haum xeeb hauv Buchach, raws li Podolia tau muab tso rau Ottoman Empire, thiab Cossacks tau txais lub xeev Bratslav thiab Kiev. Tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau ob tog, kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Kev ua tsov ua rog tsis pom kev
Lub Tebchaws Ottoman tau npaj kom nthuav dav rau sab qaum teb ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub. Qaib ntxhw, uas tau cog lus tias Doroshenko yuav rov qab los ntawm Left Bank thiab Kyiv thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nrog Poland, nquag sib tham txog cov phiaj xwm rau lawv qhov kev kov yeej. Tsis tas li ntawd, Bashkirs, Astrakhan thiab Kazan Tatars tau hais kom tso lawv tawm ntawm Lwm Haiv Neeg. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich tau txiav txim siab tias tsuas yog kev ua tsov rog tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Ukraine.
Tsis nrhiav kev koom nrog, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1672 nws tau tshaj tawm tsab cai hais txog kev npaj ua tsov rog nrog Ottoman Empire thiab Crimean Khanate. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm Orthodox pej xeem ntawm Podolia thiab pab tus huab tais ntawm Poland. Lub rooj sib tham ntawm Boyar Duma thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18 tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev sau se ua tsov rog. Russiasawv ntawm brink ntawm tsov rog.
Xyoo 1673 - ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev yeej thiab swb
Lub xyoo tau cim los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias mus rau Kyiv (cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Prince Yu. P. Trubetskoy), detachments raug xa mus rau Don. Txawm hais tias qhov kev thov ntawm Russia kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, Crimean Tatars, coj los ntawm Khan Selim Geray, tau tawm tsam Belgorod txoj kab, ib nrab rhuav tshem nws hauv cheeb tsam Novy Oskol. Tab sis, ntshai tsam tag nrho, lawv xav tias nws yuav tsum tau rov qab.
Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, kev tsis txaus siab ntawm Turkish txoj haujlwm tau nce, kev ua phem ntawm Ottoman hla txhua tus ciam teb, Podolia, suav nrog Ottoman Empire, quaj qw hauv qab tus quab, tag nrho cov fortresses ntawm nws thaj chaw raug rhuav tshem, cov Turks muab Doroshenko. txhawm rau rhuav tshem tag nrho txoj cai-bank fortresses, tsuas yog Chigirin. Nws leaned ntau thiab ntau dua rau Moscow, thaum nws xav tau ntau txoj cai rau nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm no ntau ntawm nws cov koom tes tau mus rau sab ntawm cov Russians, thiab nws txoj cai tau ceeb heev shaken.
thawj phiaj xwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias
Lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1674, thawj qhov kev sib tw Chigirinsky tau tshwm sim. Cov xwm txheej no tshwm sim hauv huab tais li cas? Hauv qab Fyodor Alekseevich. Kev tsov rog coj thawj qhov kev vam meej. Cov tub rog ntawm G. G. Romodanovsky thiab I. Samoilovich tau ua tiav hla Dnieper thiab tuav Cherkassy thiab Kanev yuav luag tsis muaj kev tawm tsam.
Tatars, uas sim pab Doroshenko, tau swb lawm thiab ua tiav los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Tsuas yog ob tug tub rog tseem ua siab ncaj rau Doroshenko - Pavolochsky thiab Chigirinsky. Thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15, hauv Pereyaslav, cov neeg xaiv tsa Cossacks ntawm txoj cai-bank regiments raug xaiv los ua haujlwm ntawm hetman.ob sab ntawm I. S. Samoilovich, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov xwm txheej rau subordination ntawm lub Cossacks ntawm txoj cai Bank rau Moscow Tsar tau txais.
Strategic City
Tej zaum tau ua tiav cov kev vam meej tshiab hauv Chigirinsky phiaj los nqis tes (luv luv txog cov xwm txheej no - ntxiv). Cov Russians dua hla lub Dnieper thiab, tau kov yeej cov Janissaries, muaj peev xwm ntes I. Mazepa, uas raug xa mus rau Crimean Tatars kev pab. Lub Xya hli ntuj 23, Lavxias teb sab-Ukrainian rog nteg siege rau Chigirin, lub nroog ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau ob tog, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd los ua qhov chaw ntawm hostilities. Tab sis Fazyl Ahmed Pasha, uas yog tus lej ntawm cov tub rog Turkish ua ntej, hla Dniester thiab nkag mus hauv Ukrainian thaj chaw.
Cov pej xeem, vam tias yuav muaj kev pab los ntawm Russians, desperately tawm tsam lub Ottoman aggression, vim hais tias ntawm lub kaum xya lub nroog raug puas tsuaj thiab puas, cov pej xeem raug thawb mus ua qhev. Tsis muaj kev hlub tshua rau txiv neej, nyob rau hauv Uman lawv tag nrho cov neeg tua neeg phem heev. Cov tub rog Lavxias me me yuav tsum tau nqa lub nroog siege thiab thim rov qab mus rau Cherkassy, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem tuav ntawm no. Tsis tau tos txog kev txhawb nqa, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua me me nrog cov Turks, nws tau txiav txim siab hlawv lub nroog thiab, coj cov pej xeem, hla mus rau sab laug Bank.
Kev sib tw Chigirinsky thib ob ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias (1676)
Ob xyoos tom ntej ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw Polish - Hauv Podolia thiab Volhynia, qhov chaw tub rog Turkish thiab Crimean horde tau ua haujlwm tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1676, Ivan Samoylovich, nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm 7 regiments, mus txog Chigirin, tab sis nws yeej tsis tuaj rau hostilities tawm tsam Doroshenko, ua raws li tsab cai ntawm tsar.rov qab los thiab pib sib tham, sim coj tus yeeb ncuab los rau hauv kev lees paub.
Cov lus xaiv hais txog kev txav ntawm cov tub rog Ottoman yuam kom Moscow xa cov tub rog ntawm Vasily Golitsyn los txhawb cov tub rog ntawm Romodanovsky thiab cov tub rog ntawm Samoylovich, uas tau tso cai rau tom kawg mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Chigirin, uas tau xa yav dhau los. Cov tub rog ntawm Kasogov thiab Polubotok mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab yuam Doroshenko tso siab rau thiab cog lus rau kev ntseeg rau Lavxias teb sab Tsar, uas tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hli 19.
Cov Turks tsis txaus siab rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Chigirin phiaj los nqis tes thib ob (1676-1677), tab sis nyiam daws qhov teeb meem Polish ua ntej. Cov tub rog Polish tau nyob ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam Lvov thiab capitulated. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Chigirinsky phiaj los nqis tes (1677), Podolia thiab feem ntau ntawm Txoj Cai Bank rov mus rau Ottoman Empire. Cov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim ntxiv li cas?
Cov tub rog Ottoman: lawv thawj qhov kev sib tw Chigirinsky
Tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish txuas ntxiv mus. Muaj nyob Chigirin, Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Shepelev thiab Kravkov nquag pib npaj rau kev tiv thaiv. Nrog kev nyuaj heev, cov phom thiab cov fortifications tau kho, thiab cov teeb meem khoom siv tau raug daws. 3 Streltsy xaj (2197 tus neeg) raug xa mus rau Chigirin, thiab 4 Cossack regiments (450 infantry) raug xa los ntawm Hetman Samoylovich, thiab me ntsis tom qab ntawd lwm 500 Cossacks.
Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, cov tub rog tiv thaiv muaj txog 9000 tus neeg, txib los ntawm A. F. Trauricht, thiab tub rog engineer Jacob von Frosten raug xa mus pab nws. Cov tub rog ntawm Ibrahim Pasha, uas tau tawm ntawm kev sib tw tawm tsam Ukraine thaum lub Tsib Hlis, muaj txog 60 txhiab tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg tiv thaivNws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tawm tsam kom txog thaum tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb - cov tub rog ntawm Romodanovsky thiab Golitsyn.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Lub siege tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 5, tib hnub uas cov Turks tau xa cov lus thov kom tso siab rau. Tsis kam, lawv pib foob pob hauv nroog nrog phom hnyav, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Tab sis Trauricht tswj kom ntxiv dag zog rau lub fortifications, thiab ib tug tshiab ncej, ncuav peb meters qab lub fortress phab ntsa, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus nruab phom uas tam sim ntawd ntaus tus yeeb ncuab. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 8, Yuriy Khmelnytsky, uas cov Turks tshaj tawm tias hetman ntawm Ukraine, tau hais rau cov neeg nyob ze, tab sis nws cov lus hais hu rau kev tso siab rau lub nroog tsis ua tiav.
Archers thiab Cossacks sim tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis lawv qhov kev tawm tsam ua tsis tiav. Cov Turks tau tswj xyuas lub phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress thiab tawm tsam qhov sib txawv, tab sis lawv raug tsav rov qab. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 17, cov Turks tau sim ua phem rau lwm qhov, ua rau 8 lub taub hau ntawm phab ntsa, thiab ua tsis tiav.
Kev ua phem kawg
Hnub Lub Yim Hli 20, cov neeg nyob ze tau ntsib kev txhawb nqa - kev tso tawm ntawm Lieutenant-Colonel F. Tumashev. Thiab nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 23, artillery salvos tau hnov los ntawm lub Dnieper - Lavxias teb sab-Ukrainian pab tub rog mus txog tus dej loj. Cov Turks sim tiv thaiv cov tub rog hla, tab sis ua tsis tau. Kev ua phem kawg ntawm lub fortress tsis tau ua tiav rau Ibrahim Pasha, txawm hais tias nws yog ntshav siab tshaj plaws. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 29, lub chaw nres tsheb Turkish raug hlawv, thiab cov tub rog Ottoman maj nrawm rov qab los. Cov tub rog Lavxias thiab Cossacks nkag mus rau Chigirin thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 9.
Kev sib tw thib ob ntawm cov tub rog Ottoman
Xav paub tias Turks yuav simkom ua pauj, Romodanovsky thiab Samoilovich tau pom zoo kom ntxiv dag zog rau Chigirin, uas tau ua tiav. I. I. Rzhevsky, uas tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm garrison, tau saib xyuas cov khoom siv phom, riam phom thiab zaub mov. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1678, Chigirin tau rov qab los ntawm tub rog Turkish-Crimean, tab sis lub sijhawm no nws tau coj los ntawm Grand Vizier Kara-Mustafa. Yuav luag ib txhij, cov tub rog Lavxias thiab cov tub rog Ottoman tuaj txog ntawm lub fortress.
Cov Turks thiab Tatars tau tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm Romodanovsky thiab Samoylovich, kev ua tub rog tau ua tiav ntau yam, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 3, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ntes Strelnikova Gora, koom ua ke nrog garrison. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 11, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nroog los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ob pab tub rog tau pib, cov tub rog tau thim rov qab, koom ua ke nrog cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias, uas tau pib thim rov qab mus rau Dnieper, caum cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog.
Txoj kev ua tsov rog
Kev swb ntawm Chigirinsky phiaj xwm (hnub tim - 1674-1678) tau txiav txim siab txog qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Txhua tus xav tau lub ntiaj teb. Lub Turkish protectorate hla Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine tau rov qab los. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, tus tub txib Vasily Daudov tau mus rau Istanbul nrog kev sib haum xeeb. Tom qab ncua kev sib tham, Russia raug yuam kom pom zoo rau cov lus Turkish. Tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 13, 1681, Treaty of Bakhchisaray tau kos npe. Kev tsov rog tau xaus rau hauv kev kos, tsuas yog tag nrho Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine, kev puas tsuaj thiab plundered, licked nws qhov txhab.
