Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, tau dhau los ntawm txoj kev nyuaj evolutionary. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv riam phom tsev cia puav pheej. Nov yog ib txoj haujlwm tiag tiag.
Lawv surprise tsis tau tsuas yog nrog lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj nrog khoom kim heev thiab grandeur. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb tus neeg paub tias lub tsho hlau monolithic ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog hnub rau lub sijhawm lig ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tsis yog kev tiv thaiv ntxiv lawm, tab sis cov khaub ncaws tsoos tsho, uas tau hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus tswv. Qhov no yog ib hom analogue ntawm niaj hnub kim lag luam suits. Los ntawm lawv nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm hauv zej zog. Peb yuav tham txog qhov no hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv tom qab, peb yuav nthuav qhia cov duab ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Tab sis ua ntej, lawv tuaj qhov twg.
Thawj Armor
Cov riam phom thiab riam phom ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab tau hloov zuj zus ua ke. Qhov no yog to taub. Kev txhim kho kev tuag txhais tau tias yuav tsum ua rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm, txiv neej sim tiv thaiv nws lub cev. Thawj cov cuab yeej yog cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj. Nws tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis ntse: sledgehammers, axes primitive, thiab lwm yam. Cov Celts thaum ub tau ua tiav qhov no. Lawv cov tawv nqaij tiv thaiv qee zaum txawm tiv taus hmuv thiab xub xub. Kuj ceeb tias, qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv yog nyob tom qab. Lub logic yog qhov no: nyob rau hauv lub frontal nres, nws muaj peev xwm mus nkaum ntawm lub plhaub. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom pom cov tshuab hauv qab. Davhlau thiab khiav tawm yog ib feem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg no.
Khawv koob
Muaj tsawg tus neeg paub, tab sis cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog thaum ntxov tau tsim teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb khaub ncaws. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias lawv tau ua ke los ntawm ob peb txheej ntawm cov teeb meem (txog li 30 txheej). Nws yog lub teeb, los ntawm 2 mus rau 6 kg, pheej yig armor. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab lub primitiveness ntawm chopping phom, qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tagnrho. Tej tub rog muaj peev xwm them taus li kev tiv thaiv. Kuj ceeb tias, xws li armor txawm tiv thaiv xub nrog pob zeb tswv yim, uas yooj yim pierced hlau. Qhov no yog vim cushioning ntawm cov ntaub. Qhov kev vam meej dua siv quilted caftans khoom nrog horsehair, paj rwb ntaub plaub, thiab hemp.
Cov neeg ntawm Caucasus mus txog rau xyoo 19th tau siv kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws. Lawv cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo nkauj tsis tshua muaj txiav nrog saber, tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog xub, tab sis kuj muaj cov mos txwv los ntawm rab phom du-bore los ntawm 100 meters. Nco qab tias cov cuab yeej no tau ua haujlwm nrog peb cov tub rog mus txog thaum Tsov Rog Crimean xyoo 1853-1856, thaum peb cov tub rog tuag los ntawm phom phom European.
Leather armor
Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau hloov los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog medieval ua los ntawm tawv. Lawv kuj tau siv dav hauv Russia. Tawv craftsmen tau dav txaus siab rauthaum ntawd.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, lawv tau tsim kho tsis zoo, txij li kev siv cov ntoo khaub lig thiab hneev yog ib qho kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe thaum lub sijhawm nruab nrab tag nrho. Tawv tiv thaiv tau siv los ntawm archers thiab crossbowmen. Nws tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb cavalry, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm cov kwv tij-hauv-arms ntawm opposite sab. Los ntawm qhov deb, lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus bolts thiab xub.
Tub tawv nqaij tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis. Tau txais nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Tsuas yog cov neeg nplua nuj muaj peev xwm them taus. Muaj cov tawv tawv tawv tawv ntawm cov knights ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Qhov hnyav yog los ntawm 4 mus rau 15 kg.
Armor Evolution: Lamellar Armor
Ntxiv mus, muaj kev hloov pauv - kev tsim cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog los ntawm hlau pib. Ib qho ntawm ntau yam yog lamellar armor. Thawj qhov hais txog kev siv tshuab zoo li no tau pom hauv Mesopotamia. Cov armor nyob ntawd yog ua los ntawm tooj liab. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo sib xws tau pib siv los ntawm hlau. Lamellar armor yog scaly plhaub. Lawv tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Lawv tsuas yog tho los ntawm cov mos txwv. Lawv lub ntsiab drawback yog lawv qhov hnyav txog li 25 kg. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom muab nws ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog hais tias ib tug knight poob los ntawm ib tug nees, nws yog kiag li neutralized. Nws tsis tuaj yeem sawv.
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov saw xa ntawv yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th lawv tau nthuav dav. Ringed armor hnyav kuj me ntsis: 8-10 kg. Cov khoom tiav, suav nrog cov hnab ntim khoom, lub kaus mom hlau, hnab looj tes, mus txog 40 kg. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog tias armor tsis hamper txav. Tsuas yog cov neeg nplua nuj muaj peev xwm them taus lawv.aristocrats. Kev sib kis ntawm cov chav nruab nrab tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th, thaum cov nplua nuj aristocrats muab phaj armor. Lawv yuav tau tham ntxiv.
Arms
Plate armor yog qhov kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tsuas yog nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlau forging thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem tsim cov duab kos duab zoo li no. Lub phaj armor ntawm cov knights ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Nws yog ib lub plhaub monolithic. Tsuas yog cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws aristocrats tuaj yeem them taus qhov kev tiv thaiv. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm poob rau thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog. Ib tug knight nyob rau hauv phaj armor nyob rau hauv battlefield yog ib tug tiag tiag armored tank. Yeej ua tsis tau nws. Ib tug xws li warrior ntawm cov tub rog tipped lub teev nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm yeej. Ltalis yog qhov chaw yug ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo li no. Nws yog lub tebchaws no uas muaj npe nrov rau nws cov tswv hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej.
Kev xav kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hnyav yog vim kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog medieval. Ua ntej, nws tau xa lub tshuab nrawm nrawm hauv cov qib ze. Raws li txoj cai, tom qab ib lub tshuab nrog ib tug wedge tawm tsam infantry, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau yeej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej yog cov feem ntau muaj cai aristocrats, cov uas yog tus huab tais nws tus kheej. Knights nyob rau hauv armor yuav luag tsis tuag. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tua nws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub ntes aristocrats twb tsis raug tua, vim txhua leej txhua tus paub ib leeg. Nag hmo tus yeeb ncuab tig los ua phooj ywg hnub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib pauv thiab muag ntawm cov aristocrats ntes tau qee zaum yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov tseeb, kev sib ntaus sib tua medieval zoo li jousting tournaments. Cov "cov neeg zoo tshaj" tsis tshua tuag rau lawv, tab sis nyob rau hauvnws tseem tshwm sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, qhov xav tau kev txhim kho tas li tshwm sim.
Kev sib haum xeeb
Nyob rau xyoo 1439 hauv tebchaws Ltalis, nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev ua haujlwm hlau, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze lub nroog Anghiari. Ntau txhiab tus tub rog tau koom nrog nws. Tom qab plaub teev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog ib tug tub rog tuag. Nws poob ntawm nws tus nees thiab tau nyob hauv qab nws hooves.
Tsawg kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua armor era
England xaus rau "kev sib haum xeeb" kev tsov kev rog. Hauv ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg Askiv, coj los ntawm Henry XIII, uas yog kaum npaug tsawg dua, tau siv lub zog Welsh hneev nti tawm tsam Fabkis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Kev taug kev ruaj khov, lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb. Xav txog lawv txoj kev xav tsis thoob thaum cov xub pib poob saum toj no. Qhov poob siab yog tias ua ntej lawv tsis tau ntaus cov tub rog saum toj no. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau siv los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv ntseeg tau tiv thaiv los ntawm hneev thiab crossbows. Txawm li cas los xij, Welsh riam phom tuaj yeem tho cov cuab yeej los ntawm saum toj no. Qhov kev swb no thaum kaj ntug ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhov twg "cov neeg zoo tshaj" ntawm Fabkis tuag, muab xaus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Armor yog lub cim ntawm aristocracy
Armor yeej ib txwm yog lub cim ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe, tsis yog nyob hauv Europe xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Txawm tias kev txhim kho riam phom tsis tau xaus rau lawv txoj kev siv. Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yeej ib txwm piav qhia ntawm cov cuab yeej, lawv yog cov ceremonial uniform.
Lawv tau hnav rau hnub so, ua koob tsheej, rooj sib tham. Ntawm chav kawm, ceremonial armor tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb yuag version. Lub sijhawm kawg lawv siv kev sib ntaus sib tua yog nyob rau hauv Nyivtwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum lub samurai uprisings. Txawm li cas los xij, riam phom tau pom tias txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog rab phom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li tus kws tshaj lij tub rog nrog riam phom txias, hnav ris tsho hnyav.
Medieval Knight Armor Description
Yog li, cov txheej txheem classic ntawm qhov nruab nrab knight muaj cov hauv qab no:
- kaus mom hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10-13, lawv siv Norman nrog qhib, conical los yog qe taub hau rondash. Nanosnik tau txuas rau pem hauv ntej - lub phaj hlau. Ntau tom qab, kev coj ua ntawm lub kaus mom hlau kaw ib tus neeg tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe loj. Nws yog ib qho txuj ci tiag tiag. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus tswv los ntawm nws.
- Txiv neej. Ntev saw mail rau lub hauv caug nrog lub tes tsho thiab koyfon, hlau hood. Nws muaj slits ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hem kom yooj yim txav thiab caij. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov knights hnav ib tug gambeson - ib tug analogue ntawm daim ntaub armor. Nws absorbs tshuab rau hlau, xub tau daig hauv nws.
- Choses - mail stockings.
- Rondash yog daim thaiv. Nws yog kev tiv thaiv cov xub, thiab kuj tau dav siv tawm tsam ib leeg sabers thaum lub sij hawm Crusades. Muaj ib puag ncig lossis oval. Txawm li cas los xij, lub rondash nrog ib qho taw qhia qis los tiv thaiv sab laug ceg tau dhau los ua dav.
Riam phom thiab riam phom tsis zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, vim lawv tau ua ob txoj haujlwm. Thawj yog kev tiv thaiv. Qhov thib ob yog tias armor yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo.kev cai. Ib lub kaus mom hlau tsis yooj yim tuaj yeem raug nqi tag nrho cov zos nrog serfs. Tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam complex. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nrhiav tau ob qho tib si. Feudal armor tsis yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov tub rog recruits nyob rau tom qab eras. Lawv muaj tus cwj pwm ntau.
