Hauv lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, ntau hom ntaub so ntswg, hlwb raug cais tawm. Cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem sib txawv ob qho tib si hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, nrog rau lawv cov haujlwm. Ntau hom cell yuav txawv ntawm cov duab, qhov loj me, muaj lossis tsis muaj qee cov organelles. Ntau hom cell tsim ntau hom ntaub so ntswg. Xav txog hom xov tooj tseem ceeb.
zaub, nceb, tsiaj, kab mob
Qhov no yog kev faib cov hlwb nyob ntawm cov kab mob uas tsim los ntawm lawv. Nov yog lub rooj sib piv uas qhia cov hom cell, lawv qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo sib xws.
| zaub | Nyob | Mushroom | Bacterial | |
| Core | yog | yog | yog | no |
| Cell wall | ntawm cellulose | tsis yog (ib glycocalyx nyob saum daim nyias nyias) | ntawm chitin | from murein |
| yog | yog | yog | yog | |
| Reserve khoom | starch | glycogen | glycogen | volutin |
| yog | yog | yog | no | |
| Plastids | yog | no | no | no |
| Ribosome | yog | yog | yog | yog |
| Golgi complex | yog | yog | yog | no |
| yog | yog | yog | no | |
| Lysosomes | yog | yog | yog | no |
| Vacuoles | yog | no | no | |
| Txoj kev kom tau txais lub zog | pab | pab | pab | fermentation |
| Txoj kev tau txais cov tshuaj organic | photosynthesis | outside | outside | ntawm sab nraud, chemosynthesis lossis photosynthesis |
Cell hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv
Cov hlwb sib txawv tsim cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom cell.
Epithelial cells
Lawv hu ua epitheliocytes. Cov no yog cov hlwb sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb nyob ze rau ib leeg. Lawv tuaj yeem ua cubic, tiaj tus lossis cylindrical. Epitheliocytes feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias.
Tom cellconnective ntaub so ntswg
Muaj ntau hom kev sib txuas:
- reticular;
- dense fibrous;
- loose fibrous;
- pob txha;
- cartilaginous;
- fatty;
- ntshav;
- lymph.
Txhua cov ntaub so ntswg muaj cov hlwb sib txawv thiab cov khoom sib txuas. Cov ntaub so ntswg reticular yog tsim los ntawm reticulocytes thiab reticular fibers. Reticulocytes tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb hematopoietic thiab macrophages - lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob.
Cov ntaub so ntswg ntom ntom muaj feem ntau ntawm cov fibers, thiab xoob - ntawm cov tshuaj amorphous. Cov ntaub so ntswg sib zog muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, thaum xoob xoob cov nqaij mos ntim cov khoob ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv nruab nrog.
Cov pob txha muaj ntau hom hlwb: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts thiab osteocytes. Cov tom kawg yog cov hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Osteogenic hlwb yog cov hlwb tsis sib xws uas tuaj yeem tsim osteocytes, osteoblasts, thiab osteoclasts. Osteoblasts tsim cov tshuaj uas tsim cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov pob txha. Osteoclasts yog lub luag haujlwm rau resorption ntawm pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg thaum xav tau. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau faib lawv li cov pob txha.
Cov pob txha mos muaj chondrocytes, chondroclasts thiab chondroblasts. Thawj yog nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm pob txha mos. Lawv muaj cov duab spindle. Chondroblasts nyob rau hauv lub puab txheej. Lawv yog oval los yog puag ncig. Chondroclasts yog lub luag haujlwm rau rov ua dua cov hlwb qubpob txha mos.
Cov ntaub so ntswg adipose yog tsim los ntawm tib hom cell: lipocytes. Lawv muaj cov roj ntau ntau.
Ntau hom ntshav thiab qog ntshav
Ntshav muaj ntau hom hlwb hu ua cov qe ntshav. Cov no yog erythrocytes, platelets thiab leukocytes, uas tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Erythrocytes muaj ib tug flattened puag ncig. Lawv muaj cov protein hemoglobin, uas nws lub luag haujlwm yog thauj cov pa oxygen thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Platelets yog cov hlwb me me uas tsis muaj nucleated. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav txhaws. Leukocytes sawv cev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj.
Leukocytes tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: granular thiab non-granular. Cov qub muaj xws li neutrophils, eosinophils thiab basophils. Cov yav tas muaj peev xwm nqa tawm phagocytosis - noj cov kab mob hostile thiab kab mob. Eosinophils kuj muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov histamine, uas tso tawm los ntawm lwm cov hlwb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau o. Basophils kho qhov mob thiab zais eosinophilic chemotactic factor.
Nongranular leukocytes muab faib ua lymphocytes thiab monocytes. Thawj yog muab faib ua peb chav kawm nyob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Muaj T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes thiab null lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. T-lymphocytes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev lees paub cov hlwb txawv teb chaws, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm B-lymphocytes thiab monocytes. Null lymphocytes tau tseg.
Monocytes, lossis macrophages, ib yam nkausmuaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis. Lawv rhuav tshem cov kab mob thiab kab mob.
Ntshai
Muaj hom paj hlwb hauv qab no:
- tiag tiag nervous;
- glial.
paj hlwb hu ua neurons. Lawv muaj lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem: ntev axon thiab luv branched dendrites. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim thiab kev sib kis ntawm lub zog. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus txheej txheem, unipolar (nrog ib qho), bipolar (nrog ob) thiab multipolar (nrog ntau) neurons txawv. Multipolar feem ntau tshwm sim hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu.
Glial hlwb ua haujlwm txhawb nqa thiab noj zaub mov zoo, muab kev pabcuam ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw thiab muab cov as-ham rau cov neurons.
Muscle cells
Lawv hu ua myocytes, lossis fibers. Muaj peb hom nqaij leeg:
- siab;
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Nyob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, myocytes txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg striated, lawv ntev, elongated, muaj ob peb nuclei thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm mitochondria. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog intertwined. Cov nqaij leeg du yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov myocytes me nrog tsawg dua nuclei thiab mitochondria. Cov nqaij leeg du tsis tuaj yeem cog lus sai li cov nqaij leeg striated. Cov leeg mob plawv yog tsim los ntawm myocytes, zoo li cov ntaub so ntswg striated. Tag nrho cov myocytes muaj cov kab mob sib kis: actin thiab myosin.
