Txhua yam muaj sia nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm qee yam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog cov kev ua si thiab ntws ntawm ntau yam physiological txheej txheem. Txwv tsis pub, lawv qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm lub tswv yim xws li kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv creatures, txawm nyob rau theem ntawm lawv lub koom haum. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav nyob ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv kom ntxaws.
Kev ua neej nyob yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj sia nyob
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem physiological thiab lawv qib yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, tib neeg lub neej yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab raug rau kev ntxhov siab thiab kev lom zem. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, nws los mus rau ib tug txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam los ntawm nws tus kheej-assembly. Photosynthesis ntawm cov nroj tsuag, zom cov tsiaj, cell faib ntawm cov kab mob - tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li lub neej. Qhov no yog ib txheej txheej txheem uas muab cov metabolism thiab homeostasis.
txheej txheem neej
AliveCov kab mob yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li khoom noj khoom haus, ua pa, txav mus los, kev yug me nyuam, kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, heredity, variability thiab adaptation. Vitality yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no. Txhua pawg systematic muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Cia peb saib qee yam ntawm lawv kom ntxaws.
Khoom noj
Nyob ntawm hom khoom noj khoom haus, txhua yam kab mob tau muab faib ua auto- thiab heterotrophs. Thawj pawg suav nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab qee hom kab mob. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm nws tus kheej tsim cov organic. Rau qhov no, cov nroj tsuag siv lub hnub ci zog, vim tias cov piam thaj monosaccharide yog synthesized hauv chloroplasts. Yog li ntawd, lawv tseem hu ua phototrophs. Cov kab mob pub rau lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Cov kab mob unicellular no tseem hu ua chemotrophs.
Tsiaj txhu thiab nceb nqus tau cov organic uas npaj txhij. Lawv yog cov heterotrophs. Ntawm lawv, muaj ob peb pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov khoom noj. Piv txwv li, cov tsiaj nyeg tua lawv cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tua nws, thaum saprotrophs haus cov organic teeb meem. Mixotrophs yog ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, lawv tsim cov carbohydrates ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, lawv hloov mus rau heterotrophic khoom noj khoom haus. Piv txwv ntawm mixotrophs yog ntsuab euglena, mistletoe, hornwort, volvox.
ua pa
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua pa tsis yog tsuas yog nqus cov pa thiab tso tawm carbon dioxide xwbgas. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, oxidation ntawm cov organic tshuaj tshwm sim nrog kev tso tawm ntawm qee lub zog. Nws yog "sau" hauv ATP molecules. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kab mob tau muab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas lawv tuaj yeem siv yog tias tsim nyog. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, kev ua pa tshwm sim hauv mitochondria ntawm cov hlwb, thiab kev sib pauv roj yog muab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg xws li stomata thiab lenticels. Hauv cov tsiaj, cov kabmob uas muab cov txheej txheem no yog gills lossis ntsws.
Ntau yam kab mob prokaryotic muaj peev xwm ua pa anaerobic. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias oxidation ntawm cov organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv lawv tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm oxygen. Cov no suav nrog nitrogen-kho, hlau thiab sulfur kab mob.
Reproduction
Lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tsim cov kab mob. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam muaj sia yog lub peev xwm los xa cov yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ua qub txeeg qub teg thiab tau txais cov tshiab, uas lav lawv qhov kev hloov pauv mus tas li hloov pauv ib puag ncig.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam: kev sib deev thiab kev sib deev. Thawj tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm gametes. Cov poj niam thiab txiv neej cov hlwb sib koom ua ke, ua rau muaj lub cev tshiab. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib cell hauv ob, sporulation, budding, lossis vegetatively.
Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob
Txoj kev nyob ntawm txhua yam kab mob kuj muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab zoo hloov pauv uas tshwm sim thaum lawv ontogenesis. Los ntawm kev faib cov cell thiab cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiabkev loj hlob yog muab. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab fungi, nws yog unlimited. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv loj tuaj thoob plaws lub neej. Tsiaj txhu loj hlob rau ib lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, qhov txheej txheem no raug txiav. Kev loj hlob yog nrog los ntawm kev loj hlob. Lub tswv yim no sawv cev rau cov kev hloov pauv zoo uas tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv lub neej. Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob nrog rau ib leeg thiab yog inextricably txuas.
Yog li, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob yog cov txheej txheem physiological tsom rau kev ua kom cov metabolism thiab homeostasis - tswj qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog khoom noj khoom haus, ua pa, kev yug me nyuam, txav, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
