Txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab faib ua pawg los ntawm tus nqi, yog li lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv kiag li. Qee qhov ntawm kev hais lus pab sib piv ib yam lossis zoo nrog lwm tus. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, pawg xws li kev sib piv thiab qib superlative tau tshwm sim. Lawv yog dab tsi, peb yuav nkag siab ntau ntxiv hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Kev sib piv
Txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv paub tias cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia txawv ntawm lwm pawg neeg hais lus uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim ntau qib sib piv. Lawv hu cov lus zoo li no, uas hloov pauv vim qhov kev sib piv ntawm ib qho zoo nrog lwm tus.
Feem ntau muaj peb pawg:
- tus lej zoo. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lo lus sawv thaum nws tsis piv nrog rau lwm yam. Piv txwv li: zoo nkauj (los ntawm nws tus kheej), txias (tsis muaj kev sib piv nrog dab tsi ua ntej, los yog yuav tom qab). Nws tseem hu ua thawj degree, thiab nyob rau hauvKev txhais lus yog kev tshawb fawb txhais tau tias yog qhov zoo.
- Comparative degree. Lo lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yog siv thaum ib tug zoo ntawm ib yam khoom los yog ib tug phenomenon yog correlated nrog rau lwm tus. Piv txwv li: loj - loj dua (ntau dua thawj), tu siab - tu siab (ntau dua ua ntej).
- Tshuaj ntsuab. Nws yog siv yog tias lawv xav qhia cov qhab nia zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lwm tus nyiam nws. Piv txwv li: lub teeb - qhov ci tshaj plaws (feem ntau), lom zem - lom zem tshaj plaws.
Txhob Cia Siab
Ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hais lus, tsuas yog adjectives thiab adverbs ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim qib. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim los piav qhia: txhua tus ntawm lawv qhia qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov mob. Thiab lawv tsis yooj yim piv nrog ib leeg.
Qhov kev sib piv (adjective) yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv:
- Yooj yim. Lub ntsiab lus -nws lossis -nws ntxiv rau lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus: dawb - whiter (whiter), xim - ntau xim (ntau xim).
- Txhob. Peb hloov cov lus "ntau" thiab "tsawg" rau qhov zoo degree: sov - ntau (tsawg) sov, txaus ntshai - ntau (tsawg) txaus ntshai.
Thaum nyuaj, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev sib piv yooj yim. Tom qab ntawd tsuas yog siv lub complex. Xws li cov piv txwv suav nrog lo lus "hnyav".
Tus superlative muaj ob txoj kev kawm:
- Yooj yim. Cov suffixes -eysh lossis -aysh ntxiv rau lub hauv paus (adjective): ntxim hlub - cutest.
- Txhob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev pab ntawm cov lus pab "feem ntau", "tag nrho": lub siab zoo,zoo tshaj txhua tus.
Qee lub sij hawm ua ntej -nai ntxiv los ntxiv dag zog rau nws: qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Adverb
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus no tsis hloov pauv, tsis muaj qhov xaus thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm sib txawv. Ib yam li ib qho adjective, ib qho adverb muaj ib qho superlative thiab piv rau.
The tom kawg yog tsim nrog:
- ntxiv cov lus xaus -ee (txoj kev yooj yim): qeeb - qeeb, huv - huv.
- Lo lus-pab "ntau" thiab "tsawg": ci - ntau (tsawg) ci, zam - ntau (tsawg) zam.
A superlative adverb yog tsis tshua muaj tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm suffixes -ayshe, -eyshe: feem ntau txo hwj chim, nruj tshaj plaws. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los.
Raws li txoj cai, cov lus siv feem ntau yog "tag nrho" (ceev tshaj plaws), "siab tshaj" (tsawg npaum li ua tau).
Txhawm rau nthuav dav, siv cov lus ua ntej -nai: feem ntau.
Result
Peb piv ib yam khoom, qhov zoo lossis qhov tshwm sim nrog lwm qhov txhua hnub. Hauv kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj, peb tsis txawm xav txog txoj hauv kev uas pab peb nrog qhov no. Tam sim no peb paub yuav ua li cas sib piv thiab superlative degrees raug tsim nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tsuas yog adjectives thiab adverbs muaj qhov no feature. Txawm hais tias koj ua nws nrog cov lus tom qab lossis cov lus tshwj xeeb, nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua daim ntawv muaj nyob. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum xyuas lawv nrog phau ntawv txhais lus.
