Cov lus Lavxias muaj ntau ntu, xws li xov tooj, duab thiab sau ntawv, lus thiab kab lus, morphology, syntax. Txhua tus ntawm lawv kawm qee yam ntawm cov lus, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Npaj siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev hais lus
Lexicology thiab phraseology raug suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov lus nthuav dav tshaj plaws. Nws nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb, cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab txawm tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Yog li, cov lus thiab kab lus kawm dab tsi? Tshooj lus no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, kev ua haujlwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov lexemes, nrog rau cov chav nyob ntawm cov lus, lawv lub ntsiab lus, hom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv hauv kev hais lus. Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib txhua ntu ntu.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary yog cov lus ntawm ib hom lus. Nws yog kawm los ntawm xws li science li lexicology. Nws tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm cov lus, lawv siv thiab ua haujlwm, nrog rau keeb kwm kev hloov pauv hauv cov lus ntawm ib hom lus. Cia wb mus saib seb dab tsi cov lus thiab kev kawm phraseology.
Nyob rau hauv seem "lexicology" yog kawm:
- Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus ncaj qha thiab piv txwv.
- Keeb kwm ntawm cov lus - thawj Lavxias teb sab, qiv.
- Pab pawg ntawm cov lus raws li lawv txoj haujlwm hauv kev hais lus: keeb kwm, archaisms, neologisms.
- Lo lus los ntawm thaj chaw siv: feem ntau siv, kev tshaj lij, kev hais lus, lus siv.
- Zoo li antonyms, homonyms, synonyms thiab paronyms, lawv siv hauv kev hais lus.
phraseology
Phraseology yog ib ceg ntawm kev kawm lus uas kawm ruaj khov thiab tsis pom cov kab lus uas muaj lawv lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.
Txoj kev tsim qauv, cov kab lus muaj peev xwm muaj ob kab lus (piv txwv li, cov lus paub zoo "thaum mob qog noj ntshav rau saum roob"), lossis ua raws li kab lus (piv txwv li, "sab hauv galosh").
Phraseologisms, zoo li cov lus, tuaj yeem yog polysemantic, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo lossis kev sib raug zoo. Cov neeg uas txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi lo lus thiab kev kawm phraseology yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias linguists tau xyuam xim rau keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov kab lus, thiab tseem xav txog txoj hauv kev uas lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov lus Lavxias.
Lexicography
Lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog yog lexicography. Tshooj lus no yog koom nrog hauv kev sau cov ntaub ntawv lexical thiab nws cov kev kho tom qab hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
Rau cov neeg xav paub cov lus nug ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus hauv Lavxias yog kawm, dab tsi yogkeeb kwm ntawm cov lus thiab phraseological units, lawv txhais li cas, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los ua haujlwm nrog cov lus hauv qab no:
- Kev piav qhia phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm kev muaj sia nyob Great Lavxias teb sab lus sau los ntawm V. Dahl.
- phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias lus Ozhegov.
- Etymology thiab keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
- Youth slang dictionary.
- phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus A. K. Ib.
Nyob rau hauv lawv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam nthuav dav txog cov lus Lavxias, keeb kwm ntawm cov lus thiab idioms.
Study in school
Kev mloog ntau yog them rau qhov kev qhuab qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov lus Lavxias thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm qib tsib, tsawg dua thaum pib ntawm lub thib rau, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau hais tias lawv tab tom kawm cov lus thiab cov lus, nrog rau cov piv txwv, lawv raug hais kom ua haujlwm nrog cov phau ntawv txhais lus thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm yooj yim. Raws li txoj cai, cov kws qhia ntawv muab txoj haujlwm los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm ib lo lus thiab nws lub ntsiab lus, xaiv cov lus los yog cov lus sib txawv, kom paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm homonyms thiab paronyms, nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lossis lwm chav tsev ntawm cov lus xaiv, tsim kom muaj keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm.
Txhua yam no nthuav dav cov lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus, qhia lawv ua haujlwm nrog cov lus ntawm lawv hom lus.
Thaum hnub nyoog tom qab, nyob rau qib kaum, cov menyuam yaus rov qab los rau lo lus nug ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus dab tsi tau kawm, nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau kawm ua ntej thiab txhawb nqa nrog kev pab ntawm ntau yam haujlwm. Kev vam meej ntawm ntu no yav tom ntej pab kom dhau qhov kev xeem. Cov kev paub uas tau txais yuav muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thaum sau ntawv lossisessay.
Kawm hauv universities
Raws li kev kawm hauv kev kawm qib siab, cov lus thiab kab lus ntawm cov lus Lavxias tsuas yog suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv philological faculties xwb. Feem ntau, cov ncauj lus no tau muab tag nrho lub semester, thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm ua tib zoo kawm cov lus hauv qib no, keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus thiab cov kab lus, cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv, thiab kev faib tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev cob qhia, lawv tau siv los ua haujlwm nrog cov phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov phau ntawv siv, sau cov lus sau, txhais thiab kho cov ntawv uas muaj ntau hom lus.
Cov lus nug ntawm stylistic siv cov lus uas yog ib pawg lexical tshwj xeeb kuj tau kawm. Cov kev paub uas tau txais yog sib sau ua ke hauv chav kawm hu ua "stylistics".
Cov Lus Qhia
Yog li, dab tsi yog kawm hauv cov lus thiab kab lus. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub lexical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov lus, kev ua hauj lwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov lus thiab idioms nyob rau hauv nws, siv ntau yam styles nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, raws li zoo raws li lub peculiarities ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm phraseological units thiab cov lus tshwj xeeb..
