Yuav ua li cas thiaj li hu ua predicate? Dab tsi ntawm predicates muaj nyob rau hauv Russia? Lub hauv paus grammatical yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau nws hauv kab lus? Cov lus nug dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas thiab cov ntsiab lus teb? Nws yog cov ncauj lus no uas cov menyuam yaus maj mam kawm dhau lub xyoo kawm ntawv ntev. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias lub ntsiab lus tob thiab muaj ntau qhov pitfalls.
qauv sau ntawv
Yog li koj paub lub qia ntawm kab lus li cas? Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus grammatical. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua kab lus, uas txhais cov ntsiab lus, nws qhov kev ua thiab nws yog dab tsi. Namely, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov predicate. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws raug tso cai los txiav txim siab lawv li kab lus, tab sis yog tias koj khawb ntxaum, ces hauv kev hais lus qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus nug zoo li no:
- Subject - "leej twg" lossis "dab tsi". Nws tuaj yeem yog txhua yam khoom, tus neeg, tsiaj txhu, muaj sia nyob thiab tsis muaj sia thiab lub npe uas siv rau hauv rooj plaub nominative hauv kab lus.
- Qhov thib ob ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv -kwv yees. Teb cov lus nug "nws yog dab tsi" lossis "nws yog leej twg", "nws ua dab tsi", "dab tsi yog khoom", "dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws".
Piv txwv lub cev ntawm kab lus
Cia peb ua ob peb kab lus yooj yim ua piv txwv.
- "Tus tub (leej twg?) tab tom mus (nws ua dab tsi? - ntawm no yog qhov ua piv txwv) tsev."
- "Nws tu siab (dab tsi tshwm sim rau yam khoom?)." Hauv qhov piv txwv no, tus predicate yog qhia los ntawm ib qho adverb, uas yog lub xeev ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb.
- "Nws me me (dab tsi yog qhov kev kawm?)". Cov lus qhia ntawm no yog ib qho luv luv adjective.
- "Oleg yog ib tug tub kawm (nws yog leej twg?)." Hauv qhov piv txwv no, tus predicate tau hais tias yog lub npe animate.
- "Baikal yog lub pas dej loj". Ntawm no yog ib tug inanimate noun yog siv, thiab tus predicate teb cov lus nug "dab tsi yog" los yog "dab tsi yog nws."
Compound verb predicate
Ib qho yooj yim predicate, lossis raws li nws tseem hu ua ib qho lus qhia, tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv txhua lub siab. Nws yog ib txwm ua lus qhia, uas yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub npe. Xws li ib tug predicate teb cov lus nug tshwm sim thaum twg los tau. Tsis yog ib qho yooj yim predicate yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, piv txwv li:
- "Kuv yuav hu nkauj." "Kuv yuav hu nkauj" yog ib qho yooj yim predicate qhia los ntawm ib tug verb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug complex yav tom ntej tense.
- Raws li yog tias, raws nraim, zoo li yog tias siv nrog cov khoom siv - cov qauv hais uas tsis qhia meejcommas, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib piv conjunctions.
- "Nws tab tom yuav mus rau ntawm qhov rooj thaum nws nres tam sim ntawd." Ntawm no "yog" yog ib feem ntawm tus qauv, qhia txog qhov kev ua uas tau pib, tab sis tsis tshwm sim. Cov ntu no tsis sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv, tsis zoo li cov lus qhia, xws li tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim, uas muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev ua.
- Raws li cov chav tsev hais lus raws li qhov ua piv txwv, txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm hom sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no: thawj tus tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim nrog ib lo lus, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem muab "ua tau. " (hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv) hloov nws.
Compound nominal predicate
Hom kev ua piv txwv no, dhau los, muab faib ua subtypes: nws tuaj yeem ua lus, nominal lossis trinomial. Cov ntu ntawm kab lus no tuaj yeem muaj ob lossis ntau lo lus, uas txiav txim siab hom.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab pabcuam, uas tau hais los ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm, tsim cov lus qhia ua piv txwv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib txwm siv nyob rau hauv ib tug indefinite daim ntawv, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhia los ntawm verbs denoting pib, txuas ntxiv thiab xaus ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Hauv lub peev xwm no, cov lus yuav tsum, zoo siab, tuaj yeem, npaj tau thiab lwm tus siv, uas yog cov lus luv luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntu no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov lus qhia txog lub xeev, muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, qhov xav tau thiab qhov tsim nyog, nrog rau muab kev ntsuas kev xav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.
Nominal predicate teb cov lus nug txog kev ua ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab hauv nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muaj lub npe thiab tus cwj pwm hauvnominative thiab instrumental case, as well as participle, numeral, adverb and pronoun, uas yog siv ua ke nrog auxiliary verbs.
Ib qho piv txwv yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lus qhia thiab lub npe ua pov thawj.
