Kev kawm thiab cov lus qhia yog cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev kawm txog kab lus. Ob leeg ntawm cov tswv cuab no tau lees paub tias yog cov tseem ceeb thiab sawv cev rau lub hauv paus grammatical ntawm kab lus, nws qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Muaj kev sib raug zoo grammatical thiab lexical txuas ntawm lawv. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom qhov predicate hauv kab lus los ntawm nws qhov kev sib raug zoo rau cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov ntsiab lus los ntawm nws qhov kev sib txuas nrog tus predicate.
Semantic nta ntawm tus kwv yees
Yog tus kawm npe ib yam khoom, ces tus predicate npe lub feature uas characterizes cov khoom no. Nws tuaj yeem yog qee qhov kev nqis tes ua, xeev, khoom vaj khoom tsev, zoo, kom muaj nuj nqis, generic tswvyim los yog teej tug. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv.
- "Txiv mus rau ntawm qhov rais." Lub predicate "txog" qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom muaj npe los ntawm cov ntsiab lus "txiv".
- "Veronica zoo siab." Lub compound predicate "zoo siab" qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov khoom qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus "Veronica".
- "Raindrops shimmer li gems nyob rau hauv lub hnub." Ntawm no tus predicate yog kab lus "shimmer nrog gems", nws characterizes cov cuab yeej ntawm raindrops.sun.
- "Cov khaub ncaws hnav." Lub predicate "tawm mus hnav" qhia qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus "tsim khaub ncaws".
- "Peb zaug peb yog cuaj." Ntawm no ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhia los ntawm cov lej. Lub predicate qhia kom muaj nuj nqis yog lo lus "cua".
- " qos yaj ywm yog zaub qoob loo ". Lub predicate "zaub kab lis kev cai" yog ib tug generic tswvyim.
- "Tus hneev yog Anyutkin, khau yog kuv." Nyob rau hauv kab lus no nrog ob stems, lub predicates "Anyutkin" thiab "kuv" yog qhia los ntawm lub npe thiab pronoun, ntsig txog, thiab lawv qhia tswv.
Peb txoj haujlwm semantic ntawm cov lus qhia hauv kab lus
Ib yam khoom ua li cas? Yuav ua li cas rau nws? Nws yog leej twg los yog nws yog dab tsi? Nws zoo li cas? - Ntawm no yog cov lus nug uas tuaj yeem nug rau tus kwv yees. Yog li, tus tswv cuab kab lus no muaj peev xwm daws tau peb txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Npe qhov kev txiav txim uas qhov kev kawm tsim: "Kev mob ploj mus."
- Npe rau qhov kev txiav txim uas cov neeg kawm tau ntsib ntawm nws tus kheej: "Lub tsev tau nyob tag nrho los ntawm tib neeg."
- Kho cov ncauj lus raws li tus tswv ntawm qee yam cwj pwm: "Nws lub siab xav tau hnyav."
Yuav ua li cas
Feem ntau, lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov ua piv txwv hauv kab lus yog cov lus qhia. Lub predicate yuav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj xws li ib los yog ntau tshaj verbs nyob rau hauv tus kheej daim ntawv. Piv txwv: "Tus noog hu nkauj - sau rau hauv."
Qhov kev kwv yees tau zoo tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm los ntawm lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev sib txuas lus.
- Nouns: "London yog lub peev ntawm Great Britain."
- Adjectives: "Yav tsaus ntuj hmo ntuj - sov, velvet."
- Tus lej: "Tsib tsib - nees nkaum tsib".
- In adverbs: "Pib tes ua ke, taw sib nrug."
- Kev sib tham: "Tshuaj yej qaug, cheesecake tau noj."
- Pronoun: "Kaum feem pua ntawm qhov deal yog kuv."
- Phraseological tig: "Ntshai, Kostya muab strekach, tsuas yog lawv pom nws."
- Ib kab lus tag nrho: "Kev noj qab haus huv yog thaum koj tsis nco qab." Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus predicate yog ib qho kev tsim kho uas muaj cov kab lus "qhov no yog thaum koj tsis nco qab txog nws."
Ntau yam ntawm cov lus qhia
Nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab sib xyaw.
Qhov yooj yim yog hu ua lus yooj yim predicate, vim hais tias nws yog qhia los ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv nws ntau yam ntaub ntawv - nyob rau hauv qhov taw qhia mus ob peb vas (tam sim no, yav tom ntej, yav dhau los), nyob rau hauv lub imperative thiab conditional mus ob peb vas, indefinite form, in non-conjugated form of verb "to noj".
Ib qho piv txwv sib xyaw ua ke ob lub ntsiab lus, ib qho yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lwm qhov yog ib qho pabcuam. Xws li ib tug predicate muab faib ua ob hom - ib tug compound nominal thiab ib tug compound verb. Nyob rau hauv thawj, qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov predicate yog qhia los ntawm ib lub npe - ib lub npe, tus lej, adjective, adverb, pronoun, participle, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - los ntawm ib tug infinitive. Piv txwv:
- "Vera Ivanovna pib qhia kuv." Composite vb ua. tus predicate yog qhia los ntawm cov lus qhia poj niam. zoo, unit teev, dhau los lub sij hawm "tau txais" thiab lub infinitive "nyeem".
- "Hnub so yuav dhau muszoo heev!" Ntawm no yog qhov sib xyaw npe. lub predicate yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia yav tom ntej. ua, 3l h. "nws yuav tig tawm" thiab lub npe "zoo nkauj".
homogeneous predicates
Homogeneous yog cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus uas sib npaug hais txog tib lo lus. Piv txwv li, homogeneous predicates yog lexemes uas xa mus rau tib yam kev kawm thiab teb ib lo lus nug. Lawv tuaj yeem koom ua ke los ntawm cov koomhaum lossis sib cais los ntawm cov lej cim, cim nrog enumerative intonation. Piv txwv:
- "Nws thov, thov, thov, tab sis nws tsis flinch lossis muab rau." Cov predicates "nug, thov, persuaded" yog homogeneous. Lawv, teb cov lus nug "Koj ua dab tsi?", xa mus rau cov ntsiab lus "nws". Cov predicates "tsis f alter thiab tsis muab nyob rau hauv" kuj yog homogeneous, lawv txuas nrog ib tug union thiab xa mus rau cov ntsiab lus "nws". Peb nug lawv ib lo lus nug: "Koj ua dab tsi?"
- "Maxim pom Lily thiab sawv hauv nws txoj kev." Hauv kab lus no, qhov yooj yim predicate "pom" thiab cov lus qhia ruaj khov "sawv zoo li yog rooted rau qhov chaw" yog homogeneous. Lawv ob leeg xa mus rau lub ntsiab lus "Maxim" thiab teb ib lo lus nug: "Koj ua dab tsi?"
Nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam syntactic, peb ib txwm kos tus predicate nrog ob kab, txawm muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kab lus.
