Cov lus qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov lus Lavxias yeej ib txwm txiav txim siab tom qab cov lus nominal. Nws muaj qee yam logic rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev kawm no. Cov grammatical nta ntawm cov lus qhia yog tshwj xeeb vim hais tias, tsis zoo li nouns, adjectives thiab cov zauv, no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog conjugated. Ntawd yog, daim ntawv ntawm inflection, thiab, yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv morphological, ntawm cov lus qhia txawv ntawm lwm cov lus tseem ceeb.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev hais lus no? Cov lus teb lus Lavxias teb li cas?
Cov lus qhia qhia qee yam uas tsis tuaj yeem "kov". Nrog kev pab los ntawm pawg lus no, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua lossis, hauv kev nkag siab dav dua, tus txheej txheem raug xa mus. Hauv zaj lus qhia, kom yooj yim rau kev nkag siab, cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog qhia txog ib qho ntawm incarnations ntawm cov lus qhia: nws teb cov lus nug "Nws ua li cas?" los yog "nws yuav ua li cas?" ib los yog lwm yam khoom. Tab sis, piv txwv li, cov lus "pw", "sawv", "sit" txhais tau hais tias lub xeev, tsis yog kev ua haujlwm.
Ua li ntawd, qhov kev ua haujlwm tas li ntawm cov lus qhia yog ib txwm muaj rau txhua pawg ntawm pawg no.
Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev hais lus no yog hom. Yog hais tias ib qho lus piav qhia txog kev ua lossis txheej txheem uas txhais tau tias ua tiav, ces peb muaj lo lus zoo.
- arrived - action tiav - sov.v.;
- read - action yuav tiav - sov.v.
Thiab vice versa, yog tias ua tiav tsis tiav, ces cov lus qhia tsis zoo:
- Kuv sau - ib qho kev txiav txim uas tsis txhais hais tias ua tiav - inconsistent.;
- drawing - action unfinished - incomplete.
Cov qauv sau ntawv zoo li no ntawm cov lus qhia raws li kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem suav nrog ua ke. Qhov tseeb, kev hloov pauv yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas nrog lub npe lossis cov lus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis muaj preposition (ntau zaus tsawg dua - nrog cov lus hauv Rp., piv txwv li, thaum tsis lees paub):
- nyeem ntawv xov xwm;
- hla dej;
- ua lub tsev;
- tsis tau sau ib tsab ntawv.
Cov lus tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv kev hais lus nrog cov lus hauv C.p. tsis muaj preposition yog intransitive:
- break the cwj pwm;
- cia siab;
- sib pab phooj ywg;
- value time.
Lo lus uas xaus rau hauv postfixes "sya" lossis "sya" yog qhov hloov pauv. Tau txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tam sim ntawd tias nws yog intransitive:
- luag nws tus kheej;
- ntxuav nws lub ntsej muag;
- dissolved hauv acid;
- tuav ib txoj kev xav.
Tab sis qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov lus qhia tsis xaus rau ntawd. Raws li peb nco qab, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev hais lus no nyob hauv nws qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawm tib neeg thiab tus lej. Lub conjugation ntawm cov lus qhia yog txiav txim los ntawm indefinite daim ntawv, uas yog, thaum kawg. Los ntawm hom inflection dab tsi cov lus qhia belongs rau, nws inflections nyob rau hauv tam sim no thiab yooj yim lub sij hawm yav tom ntej nyob ntawm seb. Qhov thib ob conjugation ib txwm suav nrog cov lus uas xaus rau hauv infinitive "nws", thawj suav nrog tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob hnov qab tias, zoo li yuav luag txhua txoj cai, kuj tseem muaj kev zam ntawm no: 7 verbs nrog "et" thiab 4 nrog "ntawm" yog hom thib ob.
Yog li, xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia ua nam, kev hloov pauv, kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas yog qhia hauv morphological tsom xam raws li qhov qub.
