Gauss's theorem yog ib qho ntawm cov kev cai lij choj ntawm electrodynamics, structurally suav nrog hauv kev sib npaug ntawm lwm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo - Maxwell. Nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv zog ntawm ob qho tib si electrostatic thiab electrodynamic teb dhau los ntawm qhov chaw kaw. Lub npe Karl Gauss suab nrov tsis tshua muaj suab nrov hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb tshaj li, piv txwv li Archimedes, Newton lossis Lomonosov. Hauv physics, astronomy thiab lej, tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw uas tus kws tshawb fawb German ci ntsa iab no tsis ncaj qha rau kev txhim kho.
Gauss lub theorem tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm thiab kev nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm electromagnetism. Los ntawm thiab loj, nws tau dhau los ua ib hom kev nthuav dav thiab, rau qee qhov, kev txhais lus ntawm Coulomb txoj cai zoo. Qhov no tsuas yog rooj plaub, tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, thaum tib lub phenomena tuaj yeem piav qhia thiab tsim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Tab sis Gauss theorem tsis tsuas yog tau txais sivlub ntsiab lus thiab kev siv tau zoo, nws tau pab saib cov kev cai paub ntawm xwm los ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis.
Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, nws tau pab txhawb kev loj hlob hauv kev tshawb fawb, tso lub hauv paus rau kev paub niaj hnub hauv kev lag luam electromagnetism. Yog li dab tsi yog Gauss theorem thiab nws qhov kev siv tau yog dab tsi? Yog hais tias peb coj ib tug khub ntawm static point tsub nqi, ces cov particle coj mus rau lawv yuav attracted los yog repelled nrog ib tug quab yuam uas yog sib npaug zos rau algebraic sum ntawm cov nqi ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm lub system. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov kev siv ntawm lub general aggregate teb tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo yuav yog cov sum ntawm nws tus kheej Cheebtsam. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm superposition, uas tso cai rau ib tus los piav qhia meej txog txhua qhov system tsim los ntawm ntau tus nqi vector, tsis hais lawv tus lej tag nrho.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj ntau cov khoom zoo li no, cov kws tshawb fawb thaum xub thawj tau ntsib qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev suav, uas tsis tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev siv Coulomb txoj cai. Lub Gauss theorem rau cov hlau nplaum sib nqus tau pab kov yeej lawv, txawm li cas los xij, siv tau rau txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov nqi uas muaj qhov txo qis qis rau r -2. Nws cov essence boils mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug arbitrary naj npawb ntawm tsub ib ncig ntawm ib tug kaw nto yuav muaj ib tug tag nrho siv flux sib npaug zos rau tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau muab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis suav nrog, uas yooj yim heevsuav. Yog li, qhov theorem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los laij cov teb txawm tias muaj tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis kawg.
Tseeb, qhov tseeb qhov no tsuas yog ua tau tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke, thaum muaj qhov yooj yim ntawm qhov chaw uas lub zog thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov ntws tuaj yeem xam tau yooj yim. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev xeem nqi muab tso rau hauv ib lub cev ntawm ib tug kheej kheej zoo yuav tsis muaj kev quab yuam me ntsis, vim hais tias lub teb lub zog Performance index yog sib npaug zos rau xoom. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov conductors los thawb tawm ntau yam hluav taws xob yog vim tsuas yog muaj cov khoom thauj khoom thauj hauv lawv. Hauv cov hlau, qhov haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm electrons. Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tau siv dav siv niaj hnub no hauv kev siv tshuab los tsim ntau yam spatial cheeb tsam uas hluav taws xob tsis ua. Cov phenomena no tau piav qhia zoo kawg nkaus los ntawm Gauss theorem rau dielectrics, uas nws cuam tshuam rau cov kab ke ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raug txo kom cov polarization ntawm lawv cov nqi.
Tau tsim cov teebmeem zoo li no, nws yog qhov txaus los nyob ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm qhov nro nrog cov hlau thaiv mesh. Qhov no yog li cas rhiab heev cov cuab yeej siv thiab tib neeg raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob.
