Tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb tau paub tseeb tias lub qhov dub yog dab tsi. Tab sis sai li sai tau cov kws tshawb fawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb, qhov tshiab, ntau qhov nyuaj thiab tsis meej pem tau poob rau lawv: lub qhov dub loj heev, uas koj tsis tuaj yeem hu ua dub, tab sis qhov muag tsis pom kev dawb. Vim li cas? Tab sis vim hais tias nws yog precisely xws li cov ntsiab lus uas tau muab rau nruab nrab ntawm txhua galaxy, uas glows thiab ci. Tab sis thaum koj mus txog qhov ntawd, thiab dhau ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj, tsis muaj dab tsi nyob. Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Memo about black qhov
Nws paub tseeb tias lub qhov dub yooj yim yog lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab. Nyob rau ntawm ib theem ntawm nws lub neej, nws gravitational rog pib nce exorbitantly, thaum lub vojvoog tseem zoo li qub. Yog hais tias ua ntej lub hnub qub "bursted", thiab nws loj hlob, tam sim no cov rog concentrated nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais pib nyiam tag nrho lwm yam Cheebtsam rau nws tus kheej. Nws cov npoo "collapse" rau ntawm qhov chaw, tsim ib qho kev sib tsoo zoo kawg, uas dhau los ua lub qhov dub. Xws li "cov hnub qub qub" tsis ci, tab sis yog qhov pom tsis pom ntawm sab nraud.cov khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis lawv tseem ceeb heev, raws li lawv cia nqus txhua yam uas poob rau hauv lawv lub vojvoog gravitational. Nws tsis paub tias dab tsi nyob dhau qhov xwm txheej zoo li lub qab ntug. Raws li qhov tseeb, txhua lub cev nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus loj heev yuav cia li tsoo. Tsis ntev los no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tsuas yog cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb xwb, tab sis kuj cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov no tuaj yeem yog qee qhov chaw tunnels rau kev mus ncig ntev.
Qhia yog dab tsi
Cov khoom zoo sib xws muaj lub qhov dub loj heev, hauv lwm lo lus, quasar. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub galaxy, uas muaj ib tug super-powerful gravitational teb uas tshwm sim vim nws loj (millions los yog billions ntawm hnub ci masses). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim ntawm supermassive black qhov tseem tsis tau tsim. Raws li ib tug version, qhov ua rau ntawm xws li ib tug vau yog heev compressed gas huab, cov roj nyob rau hauv uas yog tsis tshua muaj paug, thiab kub yog incredibly siab. Qhov thib ob version yog qhov nce ntawm cov huab hwm coj ntawm ntau qhov me me dub, hnub qub thiab huab rau ib qhov chaw gravitational.
Peb galaxy
Lub qhov dub loj heev ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm Milky Way tsis yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub galaxy nws tus kheej muaj ib tug kauv qauv, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yuam tag nrho nws cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv tas li thiab ncaj ncees zog. Yog li, lub gravitational rog, uas yuav tsum tau concentrated tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub quasar, zoo li dissipate, thiab nce uniformly ntawm ntug mus rau lub hauv paus. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los twv tias tej yam nyob rau hauv elliptical los yog, hais, tsis xwm yeemgalaxies yog qhov opposite. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw "outskirts" yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, cov ntiaj chaw thiab cov hnub qub xyaum tsis txav. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub quasar nws tus kheej, lub neej cia abounds.
Parameters of the Milky Way Quasar
Siv xov tooj cua interferometry, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem xam qhov loj ntawm lub qhov dub supermassive, nws lub vojvoog thiab lub zog gravitational. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, peb lub quasar yog dim, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hu nws super haib, tab sis txawm lub astronomers lawv tus kheej tsis tau xav tias qhov tseeb tshwm sim yuav zoo li ntawd. Yog li Sagittarius A(uas yog lub npe ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm) sib npaug rau plaub lab hnub ci. Ntxiv mus, raws li cov ntaub ntawv pom tseeb, lub qhov dub no tsis txawm nqus cov teeb meem, thiab cov khoom uas nyob hauv nws ib puag ncig tsis kub. Ib qho nthuav qhov tseeb kuj tau pom: lub quasar tau muab faus rau hauv cov huab cua, qhov teeb meem uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Tej zaum, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov dub loj heev ntawm peb lub galaxy tab tom pib tam sim no, thiab hauv ntau txhiab xyoo nws yuav dhau los ua qhov loj heev uas yuav nyiam tsis yog lub ntiaj teb xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm cov pawg hnub qub me me.
Txawm tias qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm peb cov quasar, feem ntau ntawm txhua tus kws tshawb fawb raug ntaus los ntawm nws lub vojvoog. Raws li txoj cai, qhov kev ncua deb no tuaj yeem kov yeej hauv ob peb xyoos ntawm ib lub dav hlau niaj hnub no. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov dub supermassive me ntsis tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb mus rau lub hnub, uas yog, lawv yog 1.2 astronomical.units. Lub vojvoog gravitational ntawm qhov quasar no yog 10 npaug me dua qhov loj txoj kab uas hla. Nrog rau cov ntsuas no, tau kawg, qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kom txog thaum nws ncaj qha hla qhov xwm txheej qab ntug.
Paradoxical facts
Lub Milky Way Galaxy belongs rau qeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hnub qub tshiab. Qhov no yog pov thawj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm nws lub hnub nyoog, tsis thiab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm qhov chaw paub rau txiv neej, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub hwj chim uas nws supermassive dub qhov muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li nws tau muab tawm, tsis yog cov khoom me me xwb tuaj yeem muaj qhov "tsis zoo" tsis zoo. Ntau quasars, uas muaj lub zog zoo kawg thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov khoom:
- Huab cua feem ntau denser dua qhov dub loj heev.
- Nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim qab ntug, lub cev yuav tsis muaj tidal rog. Qhov tseeb yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov tob txaus, thiab txhawm rau mus txog nws, koj yuav tau mus ntev, tsis txawm xav tias yuav tsis muaj txoj kev rov qab los.
Giants of our Universe
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab qub tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw yog lub qhov dub loj tshaj plaws hauv OJ 287 quasar. Lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog raws li binary system ntawm lub qhov dub, yog li ntawd, muaj ob qhov xwm txheej horizons thiab ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm singularity. Cov khoom loj dua muaj qhov loj ntawm 18 billion hnub ci hnub ci, yuav luag zoo li lub galaxy me me puv npo. Tus khub no zoo li qub, tsuas yog cov khoom uas ntaus nws tig.lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Lub kaw lus me me hnyav 100 lab hnub ci hnub ci thiab tseem muaj lub sijhawm orbital ntawm 12 xyoo.
Zoo ib puag ncig
Lub OJ 287 galaxies thiab Milky Way tau pom tias yog cov neeg nyob ze - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yog kwv yees li 3.5 billion lub teeb xyoo. Astronomers tsis cais cov version uas nyob rau yav tom ntej no ob lub cosmic lub cev yuav sib tsoo, tsim ib tug complex stellar qauv. Raws li ib tug version, nws yog precisely vim hais tias ntawm txoj kev mus rau xws li ib tug gravitational loj heev uas lub zog ntawm planetary systems nyob rau hauv peb galaxy yog tas li nrawm, thiab cov hnub qub tau kub thiab active.
Supermassive black qhov yeej yog dawb
Thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, qhov teeb meem rhiab heev tau tsa: cov xim uas muaj zog tshaj plaws quasars sawv ua ntej peb tsis tuaj yeem hu ua dub. Nrog rau qhov muag liab qab, txawm nyob rau hauv daim duab yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub galaxy, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws qhov chaw yog ib qho loj dawb dot. Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tias nws yog lub qhov dub loj heev? Cov duab thaij los ntawm telescopes qhia peb cov hnub qub loj loj uas cov tub ntxhais nyiam nyiam rau nws tus kheej. Planets thiab asteroids uas orbit nyob ze xav txog vim lawv nyob ze, yog li muab tag nrho cov teeb tam sim no nyob ze. Txij li thaum quasars tsis rub tag nrho cov khoom nyob ze ntawm xob laim, tab sis tsuas yog khaws cia rau hauv lawv lub vojvoog gravitational, lawv tsis ploj mus, tab sis pib ci ntau dua, vim tias lawv qhov kub thiab txias tau loj hlob sai. Raws li ib txwmcov qhov dub uas muaj nyob hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv, lawv lub npe yog qhov ncaj ncees. Qhov loj me me, tab sis lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog colossal. Lawv tsuas "noj" lub teeb yam tsis tau tso ib qho quantum ntawm lawv lub tsev txhab nyiaj.
Xov xwm thiab lub qhov dub loj heev
Gargantua - lo lus no tib neeg tau siv dav hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog lub qhov dub tom qab zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Interstellar" tau tso tawm. Saib ntawm daim duab no, nws nyuaj rau nkag siab tias vim li cas lub npe tshwj xeeb no raug xaiv thiab qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov twg. Tab sis thawj tsab ntawv tau npaj los tsim peb lub qhov dub, ob qho uas yuav muaj npe hu ua Gargantua thiab Pantagruel, coj los ntawm cov lus dab neeg tshiab los ntawm Francois Rabelais. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, tsuas yog ib qho "luav qhov" tseem nyob, uas thawj lub npe raug xaiv. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis lub qhov dub yog depicted li realistically li sai tau. Yog li hais lus, tus qauv tsim ntawm nws lub ntsej muag tau ua los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Kip Thorne, uas yog raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub cev no.
Peb paub li cas txog qhov dub?
Yog tsis yog rau txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo, uas tau hais los ntawm Albert Einstein thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tsis muaj leej twg yuav tau them nyiaj rau cov khoom tsis meej no. Lub qhov dub loj heev yuav raug suav tias yog ib pawg ntawm cov hnub qub nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub galaxy, thiab cov zoo tib yam, me me yuav mus tsis tau pom kiag li. Tab sis hnub no, ua tsaug rau theoretical xam thiab kev soj ntsuam uaspaub meej tias lawv qhov tseeb, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov tshwm sim zoo li qhov curvature ntawm qhov chaw-lub sijhawm. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub hais tias nrhiav "lub qhov luav" tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm xws li cov khoom, teeb meem coj txawv txawv, nws tsis tsuas yog shrinks, tab sis qee zaum glows. Lub teeb ci ntsa iab tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm cov dot dub, uas pom los ntawm lub tsom iav. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov dub pab peb nkag siab txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub Ntiaj Teb. Ntawm lawv qhov chaw nruab nrab yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv, zoo ib yam li qhov uas tag nrho lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb yav dhau los tsim.
Nws tsis paub meej tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau tus neeg uas hla qhov xwm txheej qab ntug. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yuav tsoo nws, lossis nws puas yuav xaus rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv? Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem hais tau meej meej yog tias lub gargantua qeeb lub sijhawm, thiab qee lub sijhawm lub moos tes nres kiag li thiab tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab.
