Txhua tus neeg, tsis tshua muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem qhia nws tus kheej los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj. Ua tsaug rau kev sib txuas lus, tib neeg tuaj yeem nthuav qhia lawv cov kev paub thiab kev xav, tham txog qhov tseem ceeb, zoo siab. Qhov ncauj hais lus tso cai rau ib tug neeg kom nce mus rau qib siab ntawm kev vam meej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv scientific, ib tug yuav nrhiav tau ib tug uncountable tus naj npawb ntawm cov hauv paus rau kev faib ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus. Feem ntau, kev kawm lus raws li kev sib txuas lus yog tsim nyog kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus uas tshwm sim hauv lub siab ntawm tus neeg thaum hais lus nrog lwm tus neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tau txais kev txawj hais lus yuav siv qhov chaw tsis nco qab thiab ib txwm muaj. Cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm muab txoj haujlwm kom paub txog kev xav txog hom kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm qib 2. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm philological tshwj xeeb kawm txog qhov teeb meem kev hais lus. Kab lus no tsom mus rau lub typology ntawm lub suab ntawm cov lus.
Ntau tus neeg sib tham
Pib nrog, xav txog hom kev hais lus yooj yim tshaj plaws. Qib 2 ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, raws li txoj kev kawm, tau paub txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham thiab monologue. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas lus. Yog li, cov lus no muaj tib seem "-log", uas txhais los ntawm Greek li "lo lus", "sense, hais lus". Siv nws keeb kwm los ntawm tib hom lus, qhov "mono-" txhais tau tias "ib". Yog li, ib tug monologue yog hais lus ntawm ib tug neeg, uas yog hais rau nws tus kheej los yog rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Nyob rau hauv lem, ib feem "di-" nyob rau hauv Greek txhais tau tias "ob". Yog li ntawd, kev sib tham yog kev sib pauv lus ntawm ob tus neeg sib tham. Hauv qhov no, kev hais lus ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog monologue. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham yog hloov cov kab.
Thaum teb cov lus nug ntawm hom kev hais lus dab tsi, tib neeg feem ntau tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntau tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm hom kev sib txuas lus zoo sib xws yog polylogue. "Poly" txhais tau tias "ntau". Ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog qhov muaj ob lossis ntau tus neeg sib tham.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus hais
Lwm hom kev hais lus twg muaj nyob? Qib 2 kawm txog kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha, tsis yog nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm cov neeg sib tham xwb. Lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev faib ib hom lus yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab sublimity ntawm nws cov style. Raws li qhov kev ntsuas no, xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ncauj hais ua ntej sau, sau ntawv thiab suab hauv cov ntawv tau tshwm sim. Xav txog thawj hom lus ua ntej.
kev sib txuas lus yooj yim
Raws li koj paub, tib neeg thawj zaug kawm ua suab thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd - piav qhia cov cim. Thaum xub thawj, kev hais lus tsuas muaj nyob hauv qhov ncauj xwb. Cov lus ua ntej hnub no suav nrogFeem ntau txhua hnub kev sib txuas lus, uas yuav tsis raug sau tseg hauv kev sau ntawv thiab, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, tsis xav tau muaj tus qauv kos npe. Qhov no suav nrog ntau yam kev sib tham ntawm qhov ncauj, cov dab neeg hais txog kev mus, cov lus xaiv pheej kis. Txoj kev xav ntawm kev hais lus yog hais txog ntau hom kev hais lus ua ntej, kev sib tham thiab lus dab neeg. Lub hauv paus rau lawv xaiv yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Yog li, cov lus xaiv tsuas yog rov tsim dua ib zaug. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev hais lus no yog los qhia qee cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm kev sib tham. Cov lus zoo li no yuav tsum tsis muaj nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab nws mus txog tag nrho cov interlocutors, vim nws rov ua dua tshiab tsis tsim nyog. Kev txwv tsis pub muab luam tawm tuaj yeem ua txhaum cai, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov lus xaiv pib muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv - hauv daim ntawv ntawm lus xaiv, uas yog qhia tsis tseeb.
Peb twb tau txiav txim siab sau ua ntej hais lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tham, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib no nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis txawv lub ntsiab lus. Ntawm no, kev mloog yog them tsis yog rau tus naj npawb ntawm interlocutors, tab sis rau tus naj npawb ntawm kev luam tawm thiab cov semantic load ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Kev sib tham hauv qhov kev nkag siab no yog suav tias yog qee cov lus hais ntawm ntau yam kev kawm ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv luam tawm tsuas yog ib zaug xwb, vim hais tias txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov lus nug thib ob, tus interlocutor, rov hais dua cov kab lus yav dhau los, hloov cov intonation lossis lo lus txiav txim.
Thaum kawg, lus dab neeg yog ib daim ntawv sau ua ntej ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev rov ua dua. Tsis zoo li cov lus xaiv, cov lus dab neeg yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, nws cov ntawvzoo khaws cia tau ntau xyoo. Hom no suav nrog cov dab neeg, dab neeg.
ntawv sau ntawv
Peb tau txiav txim siab sau ua ntej hais lus ua ntej ntawm hom lus, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov lus hais. Tam sim no cia peb tig mus rau cov lus sau. Muaj nyob deb ntawm kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no. Hom kev hais lus no yog tus yam ntxwv zoo li sublime, literate. Thaum pib, cov ntawv sau tau raug kho rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam deb heev rau cov lus hais. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd lawv tau cim thiab tig mus rau hauv suab. Nws yog ua tsaug rau xws li ib tug complex creation txheej txheem uas cov resulting ntawv tau txais lawv zoo tagnrho lub xeev. Muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab rhetoric thiab homiletics. Cia peb xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
hom lus hais lus no yog ib lo lus ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, uas yog kov cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg mloog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus hais lus tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim kev sib tham nrog nws cov neeg tuaj saib. Nws raug yuam kom hais txhua yam nws xav tau hauv ib lo lus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais rhetorical yog hais lus txiav txim. Piv txwv li, ib tug kws lij choj nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv kawg muaj lub cib fim los qhia kev txawj hais lus thiab qhia tus kheej lub zeem muag ntawm qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws tsis muaj peev xwm nug cov lus nug rau cov tam sim no. Cov neeg mloog ua raws li tus tiv thaiv cov lus tam sim ntawd, sab hauv pom zoo nrog nws lossis tsis lees txais nws qhov kev xav. Yog liYog li, oratorics inherently sawv cev rau kev hais lus monologue.
Hmiletics
Thaum teb cov lus nug seb hom lus hais (lus dab tsi) muaj nyob, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog hom lus no. Piv rau oratorics, homiletics zoo li kev sib tham. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj kev npaj rau kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj, tus rhetor tsis tas yuav hais txhua yam nws xav tau hauv ib qho lus. Raws li txoj cai, nws rhuav cov ntawv nyeem rau hauv qee feem rau qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau cov neeg mloog. Cov lus hais no muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev kawm ntawm pej xeem. Teb cov lus nug, hom lus hais dab tsi, peb yuav tsum hais txog pawg ntseeg, kev tshaj tawm thiab kev kawm homiletics.
pastoral word
homiletics no yog tsom rau cov neeg mloog, tshwj xeeb, lawv txoj kev xav thiab lub siab nyiam. Kev ntseeg ntau yam ntawm homiletics muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhuab qhia, xam phaj, thiab lees txim. Thawj cov lus yog ib zaj lus qhia ntxaws txog tej qhov tseeb dawb ceev. Tus xibhwb hauv nws nqe lus hais rau cov neeg nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho cov kev paub uas twb muaj lawm rau tib neeg, nce lawv qhov tseem ceeb, hais txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Kev xam phaj, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib hom kev sim ntawm assimilation los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cov tseeb uas tau hais nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia. Cov theem kawg yog kev lees txim. Tom qab hloov siab lees txim, tus txiv plig, soj ntsuam cov qib uas tib neeg ua tiav lawv cov ntawv sau hauv kev coj ua, kuj tau hais lus uas yog tsim los cuam tshuam rau tus neeg nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nyiam.hloov hauv nws tus plig.
txheej txheem kawm
Homiletics permeates tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm yog kev qhuab qhia, kev sib tham thiab kev xeem / kev xeem. Lawv yooj yim piv nrog ntau hom kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus xibhwb thiab cov ntseeg uas tau tham saum toj no. Kev qhuab qhia, zoo li cov lus qhuab qhia, yog tsim los qhia txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab piav qhia rau cov neeg mloog. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li lub tsev teev ntuj homiletics, uas suav nrog kev hais lus ntawm cov lus paub rau pej xeem txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lawv qhov cuam tshuam, kev kawm homiletics suav nrog kev nthuav qhia tshiab, tam sim no tsis paub cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg tuaj saib.
Tam sim no cia peb piv rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev sib txuas lus kev kawm, kev sib tham, nrog kev xam phaj. Ib zaj lus qhia siv tau nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj tau ua los ntsuas qhov degree thiab qhov zoo ntawm lawv qhov kev paub txog. Thiab thaum kawg, qhov kev xeem yog ib hom kev lees txim, uas tus kws qhia tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tseeb uas tau nthuav tawm rau lawv hauv cov lus qhuab qhia.
Cov lus tshaj tawm
Tus kws tshaj lij cov lus hais, tsom rau kev tshaj tawm thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog cov lus tseeb yav dhau los ua ke nrog cov tshiab. Yog li, kev tshaj tawm homiletics yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pawg ntseeg thiab kev kawm.
Tam sim no cia peb xav txog cov ntawv muaj nyob ntawm cov ntawv no. Thawj ntawm cov no yog kev tshaj tawm (cov haujlwm ntawm kev hloov qee yam kev paub). Qhov thib ob theem yog kev ntxhov siab, qhov twg tus rhetor justifies qhov kev hloov ntawm kev xav mus rau qhov kev txiav txim. Thiab thaum kawg, daim ntawv thib pebPropaganda homiletics yog kev tshaj tawm uas muaj kev cuam tshuam uas tswj kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib tw.
Suab-nyeem ntawv sau ntawv
Tsis yog ib tug neeg uas xav hais nrov nrov tej lus sau kawm xwb. Tom qab tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem, piv txwv li, nyeem. Los ntawm txoj kev, daim ntawv sau thiab lub suab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog hom kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov sau. Raws li kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv no, lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, kev hais lus tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nyeem ntawv yooj yim. Nrog rau daim ntawv hais lus no, raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv nyeem tsuas yog hais tau yooj yim, tsis tas yuav tsum siv qee yam intonations thiab lub ntsej muag qhia. Kawm txog hom kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj, cov tub ntxhais kawm qib 2 tau ntsib nrog cov lus hais xws li recitation. Xws li kev nyeem ntawv tsis yog ib qho yooj yim luam tawm ntawm tsab ntawv, tab sis ib qho kev nthuav qhia, txawm tias pompous, suab nrov, raws li txoj cai, ntawm kev kos duab (feem ntau paj huam).
Doneness
Tseem muaj lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev sau ntawv ntawm cov lus hais. Yog li, teb cov lus nug, dab tsi yog hom kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj, chav kawm 2, raws li kev paub tau txais, tuaj yeem faib cov lus hais nyob ntawm qib ntawm nws qhov kev npaj. Feem ntau, cov lus peb hais yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej thiab raug tsim maj mam, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Hom kev npaj tsis tau npaj thiab cov ntawv hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj tau ntsib tas li, vim hais tias txhua tus neeg tau ntsib nrog lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm zej zog ntau dua ib hnub. Raws nraimKev sib txuas lus txhua hnub tsis tuaj yeem xav txog ua ntej, yog li kev hais lus yuam kev, ncua sijhawm, siv cov kab lus yooj yim thiab cov lus uas muaj ntau dua nyob ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv lem, ib tug npaj hais lus (piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv qhia) yog yus muaj los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug pre-thought-out thiab logically tsim qauv.
Ua tib zoo mloog tag nrho cov lus qhia hauv kab lus no, peb tuaj yeem hais cov lus hauv qab no: kev sib tham thiab monologue; npaj thiab tsis npaj; pre-literal, nqe lus los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab sau ntawv.
