Yeej, lub network infrastructure muaj ntau yam software thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse. Routing thiab switching yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub network. Txhua lub cuab yeej koom nrog thiab cov servers txuas nrog ntawm nws tus kheej lub network cable mus rau qhov hloov kom qhov kawg ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej koj tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau lwm tus. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub network yog network cables uas txuas tag nrho cov servers, computers, printers, keyboards, routers, access point, thiab lwm yam.
software thiab kev pabcuam
Network infrastructure yuav tsum tsim nyog cov ntawv thov software lossis cov kev pabcuam los nruab rau hauv khoos phis tawj thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv khiav tsheb. Feem ntau, Domain Name System (DNS) cov kev pabcuam kujyog Dynamic Host Configuration Exchange Protocol (DHCP) thiab Windows Services (WINS) uas yog ib feem ntawm pob kev pabcuam. Cov ntawv thov no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li thiab ib txwm muaj.
Txhawm rau txuas cov khoos phis tawj mus rau Is Taws Nem, xav tau cov khoom siv ntxiv, nyiam dua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg rooj vag (firewalls). Yog tias xav tau cov khoom siv sib txuas lus wireless, ces cov ntsiab lus nkag wireless yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tsim nyog interfaces. Yog tias tus neeg siv xav kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus ceev ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hauv lub network, nws tuaj yeem ua qhov no nrog tus IP scanner tshwj xeeb.
Cov neeg siv kuj tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus qhia dav dav ntawm txhua yam khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej lub network siv Active Directory cov kev pabcuam. Qhov no yog qhov uas txhua yam khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom siv sib txuas xws li tshuab luam ntawv, modems, cov neeg siv lossis pab pawg.
Spatial ntawm tes hauj lwm
Networks feem ntau txawv ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no feem ntau hu ua LAN (Local Area Network) - qhov no yog ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam uas suav nrog ntau lub khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv hauv ib lub tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tshwm sim hais tias xws li ib tug network yuav tau txais ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv. Txawm hais tias nws loj npaum li cas, lub network yuav ib txwm raug xa mus rau lub network hauv zos, txawm tias nws yog pej xeem thiab ntiag tug. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias lub network npog thaj chaw loj heev, nws hu ua thaj chaw dav dav (WAN).
Kom paub meej tias lub network muaj nyob ib txwm muajinfrastructure, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam (UPS) tuaj yeem siv los muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thaum lub zog tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm ib qho kev pom zoo, lub network hauv zos tuaj yeem tsim ua ntau txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus classic, cables yog tam sim no cov qauv cables.
Cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws Ethernet tov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib kis tau zoo dua los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib tw-pair cables (CAT 5 cable lossis siab dua), tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tau optically ntawm optical fiber cable thiab fiber ntau cable (Polymer Optical Fibers, POF).
Tam sim no, Ethernet ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntawm 100Gbps, uas sib haum rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm tsis pub ntau tshaj 12.5Gbps, cov qauv rau 200Gbps thiab 400Gbps. Nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus choj thiab qhov xav tau ceev, Ethernet kev sib txuas tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov tooj liab cables (Qeb 3 twisted khub rau Qeb 8 twisted khub) lossis kho qhov muag pob tw.
txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim IT infrastructure
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa tawm lub network infrastructure muaj cov theem hauv qab no, hu ua kev daws teeb meem lub neej:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam thiab kev xav tau.
- Logical architecture tsim.
- Tsim kev xa tawm architecture.
- Txoj kev txhaj tshuaj.
- Kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm.
Txoj kev xa tawm tsis yogyog nruj thiab cov txheej txheem xa tawm yog rov ua dua. Nyob rau theem yuav tsum tau, tus neeg siv pib nrog kev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tsom xam thiab txhais lawv mus rau hauv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim.
Specifications ntsuas qhov kev pabcuam zoo xws li kev ua haujlwm, muaj, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab lwm yam. Thaum txheeb xyuas cov kev xav tau, koj tuaj yeem hais qhia cov kev xav tau ntawm qib kev pabcuam, uas yog cov xwm txheej raws li cov neeg siv khoom txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau muab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm Thaum lub sij hawm tsim qauv tsim, tus neeg siv khoom txiav txim siab txog cov kev pabcuam uas yuav tsum tau ua los siv qhov project.
Thaum cov kev pabcuam raug txheeb xyuas, nws qhia txog ntau yam khoom, muab cov kev pabcuam nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav tau tsim. Tshooj Npe, Network Infrastructure Design:
- Deployment architecture.
- Kev ua raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb.
- Txoj kev tsim tshwj xeeb.
- Installation plan.
- ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
Network Deployment Process
Txhawm rau npaj kev xa tawm, koj yuav tsum ua ntej txheeb xyuas kev lag luam thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntu hauv qab no:
- Define deployment goals.
- Define project cov hom phiaj.
Cov kev xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb, qhia meej thiab sib pivcov hom phiaj tiv thaiv qhov twg los ntsuas qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov project.
Ua tiav ib qhov project yam tsis muaj lub hom phiaj meej uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam, cov neeg siv khoom yuav xaus nrog lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm lossis, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsis ruaj khov. Qee qhov yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem network xws li:
- kev xav tau kev lag luam.
- Technical requirements.
- xav tau nyiaj txiag.
- Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Qib Kev Pabcuam (SLAs).
Kev pabcuam thiab qib kev pabcuam
Thaum npaj rau ntau yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua qhov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, faib txhua qhov kev pabcuam rau hauv cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov tswv tsev sib txawv thiab ntawm ib theem tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua yam. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm siv tau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm ib tus tswv tsev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov mus rau ntau theem architecture.
Ib txheej txheej txheej, txawm tias ib-tier lossis ob-tier, muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig. Nws cov khoom siv nyob rau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv computer kawg. Cov txheej txheem nkag mus tau muaj cov kev pabcuam pem hauv ntej los ntawm Messaging Server (MMP thiab MTA):
- Calendar server.
- Instant Messaging Proxy.
- Portal server (SRA thiab Core).
- Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb rau kev lees paub thiab cov npe lag luam uas muab phau ntawv chaw nyob.
- Storage Area Network (SAN) "huab" yog lub cev khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov kev siv zog ntawm qhov project
Network infrastructure tswjyog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov system. Nws tsim cov kev pabcuam uas tsim cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub network. Kev xa tawm lub network los ntawm cov hom phiaj tsim ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav muaj cov qauv tsim uas tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab loj hlob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib daim ntawv qhia ua tiav ntawm lub network uas twb muaj lawm yog tsim, npog cov cheeb tsam no:
- Lub cev txuas xws li ntev cable, chav kawm, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov kab sib txuas lus xws li analog, ISDN, VPN, T3, thiab lwm yam thiab muaj bandwidth thiab latency ntawm cov chaw.
- Cov ntaub ntawv server suav nrog hostnames, IP chaw nyob, Domain Name Server (DNS) rau kev ua tswv cuab.
- Qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub network, suav nrog hubs, keyboards, modems, routers, txuas hniav, proxy servers.
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv ib qhov chaw, suav nrog cov neeg siv xov tooj.
Tom qab tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tiav lawm, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ke nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm los txiav txim siab seb yuav hloov pauv dab tsi rau kev xa mus ua tiav.
Network infrastructure Cheebtsam
Routers txuas cov kev sib txuas hauv tsev, tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus. Koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias routers muaj peev xwm seem tom qab xa mus los lis kev kwv yees kev loj hlob thiab kev siv. Ib yam li ntawd, cov keyboards txuas cov tshuab hauv lub network. Routers lossis keyboards nrog bandwidth yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv lub sijhawm.uas cov neeg siv tuaj yeem xa cov lus rau cov servers ntawm ntau lub network.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsis muaj kev xav lossis kev siv nyiaj los hloov kho lub router lossis hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom. Cov nram qab no cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub koom haum network infrastructure pab rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib qhov project:
- Routers thiab keyboards.
- Firewalls.
- Load balancers.
- Storage Area Network (SAN) DNS.
Network specifications
Rau qhov kev txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub network, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej lub hauv paus ntawm cov servers, uas yuav tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua bandwidth. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum teb cov lus nug uas yuav pab koj nkag siab txog cov kev cai hauv network:
- Tus DNS neeg rau zaub mov puas tuaj yeem tuav lub nra ntxiv?
- Lub sijhawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txhawb nqa yog dab tsi? 24-teev, xya-hnub (24 x 7) kev txhawb nqa tsuas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm qee qhov chaw. Ib qho yooj yim architecture nrog tsawg servers yuav yooj yim rau kev tswj.
- Puas muaj peev xwm txaus hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab pab pawg txhawb nqa los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network?
- Cov haujlwm puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thiab pab pawg txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm tau nce ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm xa tawm?
- Yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam hauv network rov ua dua?
- Kuv puas yuav tsum txwv tsis pub muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nkag mus rau qib hosts?
- Nws puas tsim nyog los ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom siv yooj yim?
- Puas yog npajtxo HTTP network tsheb?
Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no yog muab los ntawm ob-tier architecture. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nws nyob rau theem tsim, tus neeg siv khoom yuav tsum koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem network.
Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej
Tus neeg siv khoom ib txwm muaj kev xaiv - cov khoom siv loj lossis me me. Cov tshuab kho vajtse me me feem ntau raug nqi tsawg. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv me me tuaj yeem xa mus rau ntau qhov chaw los txhawb kev lag luam ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem txhais tau tias tsis muaj sijhawm poob qis rau kev saib xyuas, kev hloov kho thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw vim tias cov tsheb tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau lwm cov servers uas tseem nyob online thaum lwm tus txhawb nqa.
Cov tshuab kho vajtse me me muaj peev xwm tsawg dua, yog li xav tau ntau dua. Kev tswj hwm, kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov nqi nce ntxiv raws li cov khoom siv hauv lub cev nce ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuab kho vajtse me me yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau dua vim tias muaj ntau dua los tswj thiab txhais tau tias tsawg dua tus nqi tswj hwm ntawm server.
Yog tias cov nqi tswj hwm txhua hli, txawm hais tias sab hauv lossis los ntawm ISP, cov nqi yuav qis dua qhov uas muaj cov khoom siv tsawg dua los tswj. Tsawg dua tuaj yeem txhais tau tias kev kho kom yooj yim dua, hloov kho dua tshiab, thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, vim tias tsawg dua yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm lub cev. Nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xa tawm, koj yuav tsum npaj rau cov hauv qab no:
- TeebLDAP cov ntaub ntawv teev npe.
- Directory server (Access Manager).
- Messaging server.
Firewall nkag tswj
Firewalls tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm routers thiab daim ntawv thov servers los muab kev tswj kev nkag. Firewalls yog thawj zaug siv los tiv thaiv lub network ntseeg siab (ib tus kheej) los ntawm lub network tsis ntseeg (hauv internet). Router configurations yuav tsum muaj peev xwm thaiv cov kev pab cuam uas tsis xav tau (xws li NFS, NIS, thiab lwm yam) thiab siv cov pob ntawv-theem lim los thaiv kev khiav tsheb los ntawm cov tswv tsis ntseeg lossis cov tes hauj lwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum txhim kho cov neeg rau zaub mov hauv ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau Is Taws Nem lossis ib qho kev sib txuas tsis ruaj khov, txo cov kev teeb tsa software kom tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov pob khoom xav tau los txhawb nqa cov ntawv thov.
Kev ua tiav kev ua kom tsawg hauv cov kev pabcuam, cov tsev qiv ntawv, thiab cov ntawv thov pab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev txo cov lej ntawm cov kab ke uas yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas, siv cov txheej txheem hloov tau yooj yim thiab txuas ntxiv kom txo qis, tawv, thiab tiv thaiv kab ke.
Internal network
Daim ntawv teev npe no suav nrog kev txhim kho, chav kuaj, thiab ntu xeem. Qhov no siv lub firewall nruab nrab ntawm txhua ntu ntawm lub network sab hauv los lim cov tsheb khiav kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv ntawm cov chaw haujlwm. Tej zaum koj yuav xav txog kev txhim kho lub firewall sab hauv, yav tas los txiav txim siab hom kev sib txuas hauv network thiab cov kev pabcuam siv rau txhua ntu, txhawm rau txhawm rautxiav txim seb nws puas yuav pab tau.
Tshuab ntawm cov tes hauj lwm sab hauv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txuas lus ncaj qha nrog cov tshuab hauv Is Taws Nem. Nws yog qhov zoo dua uas cov tshuab no zam kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha DMZ. Yog li ntawd, cov kev pabcuam xav tau yuav tsum nyob ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub intranet. Tus tswv tsev ntawm intranet tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog tus tswv tsev ntawm DMZ kom ua tiav cov kev pabcuam (xws li xa email lossis DNS).
Ib lub tshuab xav tau kev nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem tuaj yeem dhau nws qhov kev thov mus rau lub npe neeg rau zaub mov, uas ua rau qhov kev thov sawv cev ntawm lub tshuab. Qhov internet relay no pab tiv thaiv koj lub computer los ntawm tej yam txaus ntshai uas nws yuav ntsib. Txij li thaum lub npe neeg rau zaub mov sib txuas lus ncaj qha nrog cov khoos phis tawj hauv Is Taws Nem, nws yuav tsum nyob hauv DMZ.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tawm tsam qhov kev ntshaw los tiv thaiv cov tshuab sab hauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuab DMZ. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no ncaj qha, siv lub npe thib ob. Qhov thib ob npe neeg rau zaub mov, nyob rau hauv intranet, xa kev txuas kev thov los ntawm cov tshuab sab hauv mus rau lub npe neeg rau zaub mov hauv DMZ.
Kev ruaj ntseg systems
Kev ruaj ntseg network infrastructure yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim. Nws yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab muab qhov chaw xa ntawv nyab xeeb, thaum tsis muaj hwj chim rau cov neeg siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tswv yim kev ruaj ntseg yuav tsum yooj yim yooj yim los tswj.
Ib lub tswv yim kev ruaj ntseg zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab uas tiv thaiv cov neeg siv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau lawv cov ntawv, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov neeg siv thiabCov neeg tawm tsam tsis tau tso cai hloov pauv lossis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tsis xav tau nkag mus.
tsib kauj ruam los tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg muaj xws li:
- Kev txiav txim siab yam yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv teev npe no yuav suav nrog kho vajtse, software, cov ntaub ntawv, tib neeg, cov ntaub ntawv, network infrastructure, lossis lub koom haum lub koob npe nrov.
- Kev txiav txim rau leej twg tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov neeg siv tsis tau tso cai, spammers lossis tsis kam lees kev pabcuam tawm tsam.
- Kev ntsuas qhov ua tau hem thawj rau lub system.
- Ua ntsuas ntsuas uas yuav tiv thaiv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
- Ntxiv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntxiv rau kev teeb tsa kev sib txuas SSL, uas tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm cov lus xa tawm.
Kev Lag Luam Me Me Network Modernization
Kev lag luam tau vam khom rau kev ntseeg siab thiab hloov pauv tau lub network thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse kom ntseeg tau tias kev lag luam ua tiav, yog li kev lag luam network yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Nrog rau kev siv nyiaj tsawg tsawg, kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis sai sai, thiab muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev nyab xeeb, cov koom haum paub txog yuav tsum tau tso siab rau cov neeg koom tes nrog kev cog lus los txhawb lub neej ntawm lawv cov lag luam IT ib puag ncig.
Txawm tias lub koom haum xav tau kev tsim kho tshiab lossis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau coj lub platform uas twb muaj lawm mus rau qib tom ntej, kev hloov kho tshiab pib nrog kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev txheej, kev ua lag luam zoo thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm ua haujlwm uas ua tau raws li kev lag luam. cov hom phiaj thiab daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg tshwm sim, nroguas txhua leej txhua tus ntsib nyob rau hauv kev txhais cov kev pab cuam lub tswv yim, tsim, kev hloov thiab kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug kev npaj ib puag ncig.
Kev lag luam network kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm muaj xws li:
- Huab Kev Ntsuas Huab Cua.
- peev thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm.
- Kev sib sau thiab virtualization ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam.
- Hyper Converged Integrated Solutions.
- Kev tswj hwm server thiab network. IT kev tswj xyuas, kev txhawb nqa thiab software.
Qhov kev thov los ua kom cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov dua, thaum nyiaj txiag thiab tib neeg cov peev txheej nce zuj zus, yog yuam ntau lub tuam tsev IT los daws cov teeb meem tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv network.
Kev daws teeb meem raws sij hawm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum muaj nyob rau ntawm tib neeg thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab txo lub nra ntawm tus tswv lub koom haum thiab tib neeg cov peev txheej thaum txhim kho kev pabcuam zoo thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab.
