Lub xeev thaj chaw yog feem ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb saum npoo uas yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm ib lub tebchaws. Nws muaj av, lub plab hauv lub ntiaj teb, sab hauv thiab thaj chaw dej (12 mais ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv), nrog rau airspace (ntawm qhov siab ntawm kev ya davhlau). Lwm lub cim ntawm lub xeev thaj chaw yog feem ntau lees txais ciam teb nrog lwm lub tebchaws. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas kom meej tias lub xeev thaj chaw ntawm Russia yog dab tsi, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov pejxeem txawv li cas.
keeb kwm me ntsis
keeb kwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia tau ntxiv txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv txawv era, Lavxias teb sab Federation hloov nws tus kheej ciam teb ntau zaus. Lawv tau ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv cov av tshiab. Peb lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation tuaj yeem sau tseg.
Thawj lub sijhawm - XV-XVI centuries. Nyob rau theem no, lub hauv paus cheeb tsam tau tsim. TsimMoscow lub nceeg vaj. Lub sijhawm no, Yaroslavl tus thawj tswj hwm, Tver, thaj av Perm thiab Nizhny Novgorod koom nrog Moscow.
Lub sijhawm thib ob - XVI-XVII centuries. Nyob rau theem no, lub xeev thaj chaw ntawm Russia tau ntxiv los ntawm Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Ufa, Kyiv, Sab laug-bank Ukraine thiab Penza.
Peb lub sijhawm - XVIII-XIX centuries. Nyob rau theem no, Lavxias teb sab Federation tau dhau los ua lub teb chaws Ottoman. Orenburg thiab Troitsk ua.
State Square
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog kwv yees li 12% ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lavxias teb sab Federation, ib yam li yav dhau los Soviet Union, yog lub xeev uas muaj thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog B altic Spit, Ratmanov Island, Cape Dezhnev, Wings thiab Chelyuskin.
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog 17.125 lab square kilometers. Niaj hnub no nws yog 76% ntawm lub qub Soviet Union. Kuj ceeb tias, muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub sij hawm zones nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias, piv txwv li, los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm meridian yog ntau tshaj 4 txhiab kilometers.
Ib feem ntawm Russia nyob rau ob sab av loj. Ib feem peb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog nyob rau hauv Europe, thiab tus so yog nyob rau hauv Asia. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm huab cua hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub tebchaws.
Kev faib tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation
Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm Russia yog qhov muaj 21 lub tebchaws, 3 lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv thiab 46thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj 9 thaj chaw thiab 1 lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv 2014 lub Crimean Peninsula kuj koom nrog lub xeev. Hauv qhov no, ob qhov kev kawm tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv Russia - Koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab tsoomfwv lub nroog Sevastopol.
Ciam teb ntawm Lavxias Federation ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Cov ciam teb ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb yog kab thiab ntsug nto hla nws. Lawv txhais cov ciam teb ntawm lub xeev thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Raws li daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb, Russia ciam teb rau 16 lub tebchaws. Kuj ceeb tias, qhov ntev ntawm lub xeev ciam teb yog ntau tshaj 50 txhiab kilometers.
Ob xyoos dhau los, ciam teb ntawm Russia ntawm daim ntawv qhia nthuav dav. Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2014, ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm daim ntawv qhia tau tso tawm nrog Crimean Peninsula, uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias Federation ob xyoos dhau los.
Lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Lavxias Federation. Cov pejxeem Russia
Ntau tshaj 100 haiv neeg haiv neeg tsawg nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej kab lis kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm txoj kev, Lavxias teb sab Federation yog suav hais tias yog ib tug multinational lub teb chaws. Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Russia muaj txoj cai tib yam, thiab qee tus ntawm lawv kuj muaj lub xeev.
Lub teb chaws coob tshaj plaws nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia yog cov neeg Lavxias. Lawv muaj ntau tshaj 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Cov pej xeem Lavxias nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Lawv yog cov sawv cev ntawm Eastern Slavs. Pab pawg no kuj suav nrogBelarusians thiab Ukrainians. Lawv nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws.
Finns, Ugric haiv neeg thiab Turks
Ib tus neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ntxiv yog Finns. Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv lub nroog ywj pheej. Cov pab pawg Finnish suav nrog Finns, Estonians thiab Karelians. Lawv nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Russia. Lub Far North ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog inhabited los ntawm Ugrian neeg. Cov no suav nrog Khanty thiab Mansi.
Lwm pab pawg lus loj uas nyob hauv Russia yog Turks. Cov no suav nrog Tatars, Bashkirs thiab Yakuts. Feem ntau lawv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub xeev. Tus naj npawb ntawm Tatars nyob hauv lub tebchaws muaj ntau dua 5 lab, Bashkirs - 2 lab, thiab Yakuts - 390 txhiab.
Raws li peb tau pom ua ntej, muaj coob tus ntawm ntau haiv neeg haiv neeg tsawg nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Txhua yam lus sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, Lavxias yog lub xeev hom lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau dua 150 haiv neeg sib txawv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation.
kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation
Txoj kev ntseeg uas nrov tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev yog 74% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv Russia. Cov naj npawb no suav nrog Catholics, Protestants thiab Orthodox.
Lwm qhov kev ntseeg loj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation yog Islam. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob nrog kev ntseeg no yog 7%.
Lub xeev thaj chaw ntawm Russia, raws li peb tau haisua ntej, muaj neeg coob coob los ntawm ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas denominations. Buddhism occupies qhov chaw thib peb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Niaj hnub no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm kev ntseeg no yog 400 lab. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 26, 1997, tsab cai lij choj "Rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv kev ntseeg" tau txais kev pom zoo hauv tsab cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation. Daim nqi no tso cai rau koj xaiv koj tus kheej lees txim.
cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation
Lub xeev thaj chaw ntawm Russia suav nrog 89 thaj chaw. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej sawv cev. Raws li kev txheeb cais xyoo no, thaj av uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws yog Moscow thiab cheeb tsam. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawd muaj ntau dua 15 lab pej xeem. Qhov thib ob nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem yog nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar Territory. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob yog 5 lab.
Yog hais tias peb tham txog tsoom fwv cov cheeb tsam, ces cov neeg coob tshaj plaws yog Central. Nws muaj ze li ntawm 40 lab tus neeg nyob. Qhov chaw thib ob yog nyob ntawm Volga Federal District. 29 lab pej xeem nyob ntawd.
Pab neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation
Hnub no tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias Federation yog 146 lab tus neeg nyob hauv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias daim duab no tau nce 0.18% txij li xyoo tas los. Qhov nce tau tshwm sim hauv txhua cheeb tsam, tshwj tsis yog rau Volga. Qhov pom kev nce ntxiv hauv cov pej xeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Crimean ceg av qab teb. Nyob ntawd, feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub xyoo dhau los tau nce 1.25%.
Tsawg tus neeg paub, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem suav cov pej xeem rau xyoo 2014. Qhov no yogvim qhov ntxiv ntawm ob qhov chaw tshiab. Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, cov no yog cov koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab Sevastopol. Hais txog kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hais txog tus nqi yug me nyuam. Nws qhov piv yog 13 tus menyuam yug tshiab rau 1,000 tus neeg nyob.
Nyob rau xyoo 2014, kev suav suav tau nthuav tawm. Rosstat xam qhov kev cia siab tam sim no. Raws li kev txheeb cais, hnub no nws yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 73 xyoo. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog faib unevenly heev. Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws tsuas yog 20% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
National politics
Kev nkag siab txog kev nom kev tswv hauv tebchaws yuav pab tau peb tsab xov xwm thiab thaj chaw. Thaj chaw ntawm Russia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev cai dab qhuas denominations thiab haiv neeg tsawg. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv txaus siab rau cov cai dab tsi cov pej xeem ntawm lwm lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Raws li Lavxias Txoj Cai Lij Choj, tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1996, lub xeev tau lees tias muaj kev sib txig sib luag tsis hais haiv neeg twg, kev ntseeg lossis hom lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus pej xeem muaj cai hais nws hom lus. Ntawm nws, nws kuj tuaj yeem tau txais kev cob qhia.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub teb chaws yog txwv tsis pub nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm Tshooj 29 ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation. Tsab cai no muab rau txim rau kev ua txhaum cai. Cov no yog cov kev nplua, uas nyob ntawm 100 mus rau300 txhiab rubles, los yog ib lub sij hawm raug kaw txog peb xyoos. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws nws yog 5 xyoos. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis ntev los no tsoom fwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau txiav txim siab txog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev nruj kev ntsuas, thiab nws muaj peev xwm hais tias daim nqi yuav siv tau sai sai no.
Kev paub lus teb chaws
Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation muaj neeg coob coob los ntawm ntau haiv neeg tsawg. Rosstat tau ua kev suav pej xeem rau xyoo dhau los. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 94% ntawm cov pej xeem tau paub lus Lavxias. Xyoo 2002, lawv tus lej yog 99%.
Cov pej xeem coob tshaj plaws ntawm lwm haiv neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab hais lus Lavxias yog Chechens. Tsis tas li ntawd xyoo 2010, muaj coob tus pej xeem raug xam phaj. Rosstat sim nrhiav seb hom lus twg lawv xav txog haiv neeg. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau dua 5% ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lwm haiv neeg xav txog Lavxias lawv cov lus.
Summarize
Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, Lavxias teb sab Federation yog ntau lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub xeev muaj ib tug ncaj loj cheeb tsam. Lavxias teb sab Federation ciam teb rau 16 lub teb chaws. Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv yog heev loyal thiab ua siab ntev rau cov pej xeem ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi uas ua rau lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation xis. Ntxiv mus, nws yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia uas tsis yog tsuas yog 11 lub sij hawm aav, tab sis kuj txawv climatic zones. Yog koj xav hloov koj lub xeev thiabtsiv mus rau Lavxias teb sab Federation, ces koj tuaj yeem ua tau yam xyuam xim. Ntawm no txhua tus tau saib xyuas, tsis hais haiv neeg twg thiab kev ntseeg dab tsi.
