Optical fibers muab piv txwv txog kev paub txog txuj ci txhais li cas rau hauv kev kawm txuj ci, thaum kawg ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua rau tus neeg nruab nrab. Tau ntau xyoo, fiber ntau optics tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas lus txhais tau tias xa cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Nyias filaments qhov loj ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau tuaj yeem siv los xa ntau yam ntawm cov teeb liab uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv xov tooj, kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem, TV, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, vim nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab, fiber ntau optics tau pom siv tsis yog hauv Cov kev xav tau hauv tsev.
Optical signal transmission technology
Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, kev siv fiber ntau kho qhov muag los ua lub teeb liab txhais lus tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov kev paub nthuav tawm uas tau tshawb fawb hauv ntu kev tshawb fawb ntawm fiber ntau optics. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv cheeb tsam no tab tom kawm txog kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub teeb, thiab hauv ib lub ntsiab lus, koom ua ke los ntawm cov lus qhia lub teeb. Cov tom kawg yog siv ob qho tib si ua cov khoom xa tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab ua cov khoom xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub tiam sis nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm laser technologies yog raws li nyob rau hauv LEDs. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lwm lo lus nug yog nthuav ntau - dab tsi tshwm sim yog lub hauv paus ntawm fiber optics? Qhov no tshwm simInternal reflection ntawm (tag nrho) electromagnetic hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm dielectrics muaj sib txawv refractive indices. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv nqa khoom tsis yog lub teeb liab electromagnetic kiag li, tab sis yog coded lub teeb flux. Txhawm rau nkag siab txog qib ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm fiber ntau optic cables dhau cov kab hlau txuas ib txwm muaj, nws tsim nyog rov hais dua rau lawv cov bandwidth. Cov xov fiber ntau uas twb tau hais lawm, nws lub thickness tsis ntau tshaj 0.5 hli, muaj peev xwm kis tau tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo tib yam tooj liab thaiv yuav ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 50 hli.
Fibre-optic fabrication method
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ntawm kev tsim kho qhov muag fiber ntau. Nws yog txheej txheem ntawm extrusion thiab melting siv preforms. Thawj thev naus laus zis ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv tsis zoo raws li cov yas, yog li niaj hnub no nws tsis siv. Txoj kev thib ob yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Lub preform yog ib tug preform uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv tsim rau kos threads. Los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no, preforms tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau kaum metres siab. Outwardly, qhov no yog ib tug iav pas nrig nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm txog 10 cm, los ntawm cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov xov yog melted. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov tub ntxhais, ua ke nrog cov sib tov rau cov fibers, yog rhuab mus rau high kub, tom qab uas cov filaments yog tsim. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ncav cuag ob peb kilometers, txawm hais tias txoj kab uas hla tseem tsis tau hloov pauv - nws yog tswj los ntawm cov neeg tswj hwm tsis siv neeg. Nyob ntawm seb qhov twg fiber optics yuav siv, cov khoom siv rauNws tuaj yeem raug kho ua ntej nrog cov txheej txheem uas muab tshuaj lom neeg thiab tiv thaiv lub cev. Raws li cov filament blends lawv tus kheej, lawv feem ntau suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li polyimide, acrylate thiab silicone.
Fiber tsim nta
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov xov yog cov tub ntxhais - cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov fiber ntau, uas yuav kis tau lub teeb thaum ua haujlwm. Cov tub ntxhais yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce lub teeb refractive indices, uas yog tiav los ntawm kev siv iav doping nrog kev hloov kho los ntawm tshwj xeeb additives. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv refractive xws li dopant yog siv rau silica fibers. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub plhaub ua ntau yam hauj lwm, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog lub ncaj lub cev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov no kuj muab cov nyhuv ntawm refraction, tab sis nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus coefficient. Lub ciam teb ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv tsim cov qauv qhia lub teeb uas tsis tso cai rau lub teeb ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias lub hauv paus ntawm fiber optics xa cov khoom siv rau ntau yam ntawm cov lus qhia lub teeb. Yuav kom meej meej, peb tab tom tham txog dielectric waveguides uas xa cov teeb liab teeb.
Ntau yam ntawm optical fibers
Feem ntau yog quartz, yas thiab fluoride fibers. Quartz filaments yog raws li oxide melts los yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv, suav nrog doped silicon oxide. Lub hauv paus no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau yooj yim thiab ntev fibers uas sib txawvthiab siab mechanical zog. Yas-fiber optics yog tsim los ntawm polymers thiab, raws li twb tau sau tseg, tsis tuaj yeem muab kev ua haujlwm siab. Tshwj xeeb, cov xov zoo li no muaj feem pua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv poob, uas txwv tsis pub lawv siv hauv thaj chaw xav tau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov pheej yig ntawm cov yas fibers ua rau qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv no hauv cov lus qhia tsom mus rau cov ntu hauv tsev. Raws li rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag fluoride, lawv lub hauv paus yog raws li fluorozirconate thiab fluoroaluminate tsom iav. Cov no yog cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub thiab thev naus laus zis los muab kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv cov qauv kuj tsis tso cai rau lawv siv, piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam kho mob.
Fiber Measuring Equipment
Cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws siv hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog cov sensors thiab Bragg gratings. Fiber optic sensors yog cov cuab yeej tsim los kho qee qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub xeev ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no. Piv txwv li, cov sensors sib txawv tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas txhua yam kev ntxhov siab, qhov kub thiab txias, kev co, siab, thiab lwm yam. Bragg grating hauv nws txoj haujlwm yog ze dua rau cov yam ntxwv kho qhov muag. Nws kho qhov aperiodic refraction cuam tshuam hauv cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau. Qhov kev ntsuas no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab npaum li cas fiber ntau optics nyob rau hauv kev xa cov teeb liab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Tsis tas li, cov kws tshaj lij siv kho qhov muagreflectometer uas sau npe dissipation thiab kuj.
Fiber-optic amplifiers thiab lasers
Qhov no yog cov khoom lag luam tshaj plaws tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab fiber ntau optics. Tsis zoo li lwm hom lasers, kev siv optical filaments ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim compact thiab tib lub sij hawm npaum li. Hauv particular, fiber optics technology tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los hloov classical laser li nrog cov nram qab no zoo:
- Efficiency of heat sink.
- Ntse tso zis hluav taws xob.
- siv tau zoo.
- Kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov ntawm laser.
- khoom siv hnyav.
Thiab, amplifiers, nyob ntawm seb hom, kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov kab hauv tsev, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab fiber ntau loj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm fiber ntau yog tsim nyog xav txog ntau yam ntxiv.
fiber ntau optics siv rau dab tsi?
Muaj ntau qhov chaw uas siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Qhov no yog qhov chaw ntawm kev siv hauv tsev, cov khoom siv sib txuas lus thiab cov cuab yeej siv computer, nrog rau cov niches tshwj xeeb, nrog rau qee qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj. Rau txhua ntu no, tshwj xeeb fiber optics raug tsim. Daim ntawv thov raws li ib txwm txhais tau tias ntawm kev xa xov TV lossis Is Taws Nem teeb liab, piv txwv li, tsuas yog txwv rau cov qauv yas pheej yig ntawm qhov nruab nrab zoo. Tab sis rau cov khoom siv laser thiab kimCov khoom siv kho mob siv cov khoom siv quartz zoo, kuj muab cov kev hloov kho ntxiv.
Kev siv cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag hauv tshuaj
Cov fibers no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob refracted, uas tuaj yeem xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub koob yees duab sab nraud uas twb muaj lawm hauv lub cev hauv lub cev nws tus kheej. Fiber optics yog siv hauv tshuaj thiab ua cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo. Cov cuab yeej nruab nrog fiber ntau modules ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis mob teeb pom kev ntawm lub plab, nasopharynx, thiab lwm yam.
Kev siv cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag hauv cov cuab yeej siv computer
Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov feem ntau niche nyob rau hauv uas optical fiber tau pom nws qhov chaw. Niaj hnub no, cov kab kev sib txuas lus ntawm ib tus neeg cov khoom siv uas xa cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws. Tau kawg, qhov no siv tau rau cov cheeb tsam uas nws tsis yooj yim sua los yog siv tsis tau rau kev siv cov kev sib txuas wireless, uas tseem nquag hloov cov cables xws li. Piv txwv li, cov tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus loj tshaj plaws tau tso cov pob txha hauv nruab nrab uas siv fiber ntau optics. Kev siv cov kev sib txuas no rau kev sib txuas cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv khoom sib txuas lus zoo ib yam tso cai rau koj los txhim kho cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntawm kev tswj hwm lub network infrastructure, thiab tseem ua kom cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau nws tus kheej.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm fiber ntau
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov xov kho qhov muag tsis yog tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj zog. Txawm hais tias kev saib xyuas ntawm cov xaim zoo li no yog pheej yig dua, tsis hais txog qhov tsis muaj qhov xav tau kev hloov kho tas li, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv hlau qub. Tsis tas li ntawd, fiber ntau optics thiab nws cov kev siv hauv cov tshuaj yog txwv tsis pub vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau lead thiab zirconium impurities nyob rau hauv ib co alloys, uas yog lom rau tib neeg. Qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov qauv iav zoo tshaj plaws, tsis yog cov yas.
Kev tsim kho qhov muag fiber ntau hauv Russia
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv 2015, Optical Fiber Systems cog tau qhib hauv Mordovia. Qhov no yog tib lub lag luam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas yog tam sim no sim ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm domestic neeg siv khoom nyob rau hauv optical fiber ntau npaum li cas. Txog rau xyoo 2015, kev lag luam Lavxias kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv fiber ntau, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tus kheej cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm. Tib yam xwm txheej tseem nyob mus ib txhis niaj hnub no. Yog tias ib lub tuam txhab xav tau fiber ntau optics thiab nws siv hauv cov tshuaj lossis hauv kev sib txuas lus hauv kev sib txuas lus yog kev ncaj ncees nyiaj txiag, ces muaj ntau lub tsev lag luam uas tau npaj ua haujlwm rau cov kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau yav tom ntej, tsuas yog Mordovian cog yuav tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm tib lub fiber ntau optic cables. Ntxiv mus, nws tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm muab kev lag luam raws li qhov ntim ntawm kev thov. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tseem yuav los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Nyiv. Thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tuajraw khoom.
Zoo kawg
Fiber optic cov khoom tau tsim ua lag luam ntu rau li 15-20 xyoo. Tau ntau xyoo, cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov zoo ntawm cov cables tshiab, tab sis kev vam meej tsis nyob twj ywm. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov txuj ci thiab lub cev zoo, thaj chaw ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv kuj nthuav dav. Qhov tseeb fiber ntau raws li nanotechnology, tshwj xeeb, yog nquag siv hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj thiab kev lag luam tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lem, nonlinear fiber optics tam sim no tab tom tsim tsuas yog lub tswv yim, tab sis cov kev cog lus zoo heev ntawm kev siv tshuab. Ntawm lawv yog compression laser pulses, optical solitons, ultrashort optical radiation, thiab lwm yam. Pom tseeb, ntxiv rau kev tshawb fawb theoretical nrog kev tshawb pom thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb nkaus xwb, kev tsim kho tshiab kuj tseem yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tshiab rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm ntau qib ntawm kev ua lag luam.
